伏低做小语言学 填空题

2021年1月9日发(作者：陶碧)
填空题
Chapter1
1. function is realized by mood and modality.
【答案】Interpersonal
2. Halliday proposes a theory of metalingual functions of language, that is, language
has , interpersonal and textual functions.
【答案】ideational
3. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false.
The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are
called p .
【答案】performative
1. studies meaning in language, is about principles
of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and is
concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main
branches of linguistics.
【答案】semantics；syntax；morphology
2. In linguistics, refers to the study of the rules governing the way
words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the
formation as sentences.
【答案】Syntax
3. studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and
received, and studies the rules governing the structure, distribution
and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.
【答案】phonetics; phonology
1. is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is
concerned with the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of
language; , on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship
between language and society. They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.
【答案】psycholinguistics sociolinguistics
2. Computational linguistics can be seen as a branch of applied linguistics, dealing
with computer of human language.
【答案】processing
1. grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while
grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists
believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.
【答案】 descriptive； prescriptive
2. In linguistics, languages are studied at a theoretical point in time:
one describes a ‘state’ of the language, disregarding whatever changes might be
taking place.
【答案】synchronic

Chapter2
1. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most
conveniently described in terms of place and of articulation.
【答案】manner
2. are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some
place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.
【答案】consonants

Chapter3
1. There are two fields of morphology: the study of and the study
of .
【答案】inflectional；lexicalderivational
2. A morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.
【答案】bound
3. is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship
between phonology and morphology.
【答案】Morphophonology
1. is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new
word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another
word. For example, the English word smog is made from
and .
【答案】blending；smoke；fog
2. The principle of Creation can account for the co-existence of two
forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.
【答案】Analogical
3. Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter
word is derived by deleting an affix from a longer form already in the
language.
【答案】imagined

Chapter4
1.______ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called
formal links between sentences and between clauses.
【答案】Cohesion

Chapter5
1. According to G Leech, meaning is the communicative value an
expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual
content
【答案】connotative
2. According to G. Leech, meaning refers to what is communicated
of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker／writer.
【答案】affective
1.“X buys something from Y” and “Y sells something to X” are in a relation
of .
【答案】converse antonymy
2. Terms like “desk” and “stool” are of the term “furniture”.
【答案】(co-)hyponyms
3.“Tulip”, “rose” and “violet” are all included in the notion of “flower”.
Therefore, they are superordinates of “flower”
【答案】F

Chapter9
1. “The world is like a stage” is an example of , and “All the world is a stage”
is an example of . They are often used in analyzing features of literary
language.
nnn【答案】simile；metaphor
1. At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and
become accepted as ways of structuring poems. Among them, consists of
lines in iambic pentameter which do not rhyme.
【答案】blank verse
2. A foot contains two syllables. A stressed syllable comes first, following by
an unstressed syllable.
【答案】trochee