奇特专题05 动词的时态和语态 知识总结-高中英语辅导讲义

2021年1月9日发(作者：濮阳诚身)
专题五 动词的时态和语态
动词的时态和语态
1. 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来 表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达
的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较 常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。
2. 英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态 中主语是动作的执行者，被动语态
中主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成， 不及物动词没有被动语
态。
动词的时态和语态


一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
过去完成时
现在完成时
将来完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
主动
v./v.s
ved
will + v.
would + v.
had + Vp.p
have/has + Vp.p
will have + Vp.p
am/is/are + Ving
was/were + Ving
被动
am/is/are + Vp.p
was/were + Vp.p
will be + Vp.p
would be + Vp.p
had been + Vp.p
have/has been + Vp.p
Will have been + Vp.p
am/is/are + being + Vp.p
was/were + being + Vp.p

一、一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,
always, from time to time等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点1：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点2：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。常用的引导词有：
时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;
条件：if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考点3：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代
替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
考点4：在the more… the more… (越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通
常用一般现在时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
二、一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在 的影响，只说
明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during
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the war, before, a few days ago, when。
考点1：used to + do，表示过去经常但 现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词
原形。（比较：be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于。）
He used to smoke a lot. 他以前抽烟很厉害（现在不抽了，或不抽那么多了）
He has got used to getting up early. 他习惯早起了
考点2：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.
三、一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时
间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。
例句：Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考点1：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）
考点2：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表
示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点3：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考点4：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am (is, are) about to +动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
四、现在进行时
1. 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；
2. 表感情色彩，加强语气（与频率副词，如always，constantly, continually, again等连用表
示说话人的某种感情色彩，如赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
例如：
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考点1：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点2：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
五、现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。
现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。
考点1：for + 时间段；since + 时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点2：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far,
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these days,
Has it stopped raining yet?
考点3：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for
the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
考点4：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词+that” 后
面跟现在完成时。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
六、过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
例句：
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
七、过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在 “过去的过去”，句中
有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till )。
例句：
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点1：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一
般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）
考点2：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was three years since we had parted.
考点3：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表示未实现
的愿望、打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
八、将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
例句：
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
九、将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
考点1：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。
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