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u3000u3000任何时态都是“时间”与“动作的意义”的结合。过 去完成时的时间很明显是“过去”；其动作的意义就是已经发生，换句话说就是完成了的情况。
u3000u3000结构过去完成时的基本结构是：“had + 动词的过去分词”。例如：
u3000u3000I had learned 2，000 English words by the end of last term. 到上学期期末为止我已经学了2，000个英语单词。
u300 0u3000实质过去完成时表示在过去了的某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作，其实质就是“过去的过去”。例 如：
u3000u3000When the teacher came into the classroom， Liu Hong had gone home. 当老师走进教室时，刘红已经回家了。（“回家”发生在过去的动作“走进”之前）搭档1. “介词by +含一般过去时态的句子”。介词by 本身表示“在……之前；到……为止”。例如：
u3000u3000Edison had built a chemistry lab by the time he was ten. 爱迪生十岁的时候就已经建立了一个化学实验室。
u3000u30002. “时间状语从句”。例如：
u3000u3000When my mother got home， I had already done 10 maths problems. 当妈妈到家时，我已经做了十道数学题。
u3000u30003. “宾语从句”或“间接引语”。例如：
u3000u3000The teacher asked if we had finished doing our homework. 老师问我们是否做完了作业。
u3000u3000He said that the had he visited the place twice. 他说这个地方他已经 参观过两次了。
高中英语语法 过去完成时与练习题
任何时态都 是“时间”与“动作的意义”的结合。过去完成时的时间很明显是“过去”；其动作的意义就是已经发生，换句话 说就是完成了的情况。
结构
u3000u3000过去完成时的基本结构是： “had + 动词的过去分词”。例如：
u3000u3000I had learned 2，000 English words by the end of last term. 到上学期期 末为止我已经学了2，000个英语单词。
u3000u3000实质
u30 00u3000过去完成时表示在过去了的某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作，其实质就是“过去的过去”。例如 ：
u3000u3000When the teacher came into the classroom， Liu Hong had gone home. 当老师走进教室时，刘红已经回家 了。（“回家”发生在过去的动作“走进”之前）
u3000u3000搭档
u3000u30001. “介词by +含一般过去时态的句子”。介词by 本身表示“在……之前；到……为止”。例如：
u3000u3000Edison had built a chemistry lab by the time he was ten. 爱迪生十岁的时候就已经建立了一个化学实验室。
u3000u30002. “时间状语从句”。例如：
u3000u3000When my mother got home， I had already done 10 maths problems. 当妈妈到家时，我已经做了十道数学题。
u3000u30003. “宾语从句”或“间接引语”。例如：
u3000u3000The teacher asked if we had finished doing our homework. 老师问我们是否做完
了作业。
u3000u3000He said that the had he visited
the place twice. 他 说这个地方他已经参观过两次了。
u3000u3000注意
u3000u3 0001. 和现在完成时不同，过去完成时有时也可以用在含有表示过去的时间状语的句子中。例如：
u3000u3000They told me that the letter had arrived on May 3rd. 他们告诉我信件五月三号就到了。
u3000u30002. 在since 引导的状语从句 中，用一般过去时的时候较多，主句用过去完成时。例如：
u3000u3000I saw Zhang Na last week. We had not seen each other since we parted in Beijing. 上周我见到了张娜。从北京分手后我们就再没见过面。
u3000u3000since 引导的时间状语从句中有时也可以用过去完成时。例如：
u3000u3000The girl had changed greatly since we had met each other last time. 从我们上次见面以来这个女孩改变了很多。
u3000u30003. intend， hope， plan， mean， want， think 等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打 算做而没有做的动作。例如：
u3000u3000We had hoped to catch the 8：00 train， but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶八点的火车，却发现车已经开了。
u3000u30004. 当主句的时态是 过去时态时，在宾语从句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语时，仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。例如：
u3000u3000She said she was born in 1992. 她说她是1992年出生的。
单项选择
１．We ＿＿＿＿ four thousand new words by the end of last
year．
A．had learned B．have learned C．learned
D．will have learned
根据by短语中的last year得知，正确选项为A。
2．Helen ＿＿＿＿ her keys in the office so she had to wait
until her husband ＿＿＿＿＿home．（NMET’96）
A．has left；comes B．left；had come
C．had left；came D．had left；would come
正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。
u3000u3000大家自己选一选：
1．I lost the book I ＿＿＿＿．
u3000u3000A．have bought B．bought C．had bought D．had been
u3000u3000bought
2．The bus had gone when I ＿＿＿＿ at the bus stop．
u3000u3000A．have arrived B．arrived C．had arrived D．am
u3000u3000arriving
3．Tom ＿＿＿＿ of visiting his grandmother，but the bad
weather made him change his mind．
u3000u3000A．has thought B．thought C．had thought D．had
u3000u3000been thought
4．—Did you meet Tom at the airport？
—No，he ＿＿＿ by the time I ＿＿＿ there．
u3000u3000A．has left；got B．had left；arrived
u3000u3000C．left；arrived D．left；had got
5．—Why didn’t Tom attend the meeting yesterday？
—He ＿＿＿＿ Beijing．
u3000u3000A．has gone to B．had gone to C．went to D．had
u3000u3000been to
6．—I ＿＿＿＿ to come to help you．
—But you didn’t come．
u3000u3000A．have meant
B．had meant C．meant D．will mean
7．Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University，for
which she ＿＿＿ five times．
u3000u3000A．had tried B．was trying C．has tried
u3000u3000D．tried
8．—I have bought you the books you want．
—Oh，good，I ＿＿＿ afraid you had forgotten．
u3000u3000A．was B．am C．had been D．have been
1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
completed university B. has completed the university
completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done
12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/
15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left
_________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
19. The students __
_______ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20. Fergie_______ the project
in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works
23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
12..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before.
16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
_____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
3．句型 转换
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改 否定句）
______________________________________ _____________________________
had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
_______ __________________________________________________ _______.
began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）< br>
___________________________________________ _______________________
10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
_________________ _________________________________________________< br>
had already completed the project when I a rrived.（改一般疑问）
____________________________ ______________________________________
the time he got to the airpor
t, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）
________________________ __________________________________________
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）< br>
_____________________
______________ _______________________________
he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）
_______ __________________________________________________ _________
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）
___ __________________________________________________ _____________
had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）< br>
___________________________________________ _______________________.
had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）
________ __________________________________________________ ________
cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
__________________________ ________________________________________
’s father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）
__________________________________________ ________________________
had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句)
After we ________________________, we _____________________________
showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句)
Before he _______________________, he_______________________ _______.
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