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现在完成时
1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。
2. 构成：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其它.
3. 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 + 其它.
4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 +其它
5. 用法（四种）：
（1） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的
时间 收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对
现在有影响。）
翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。
I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license.
（2） 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。
例句：He has been there for six months.
翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。
I have studied English for six years.
（3） 在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。
例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.
翻译： 我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。
I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work.
（4） It has been + 一段时间 +since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。
例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia.
翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。
It has been three days since Mary was ill.
练一练：
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）
A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard
3、—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends．
A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone
4、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
6. 现在完成时的标志
（1） 以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志
Alrea dy表示“已经”。用在陈述句中，放在have/has之后，有时
也放在句末。Already也可 用语疑问句中，但通常放在句末, 表示希望
得到肯定的回答或者表示诧异。Just表示“刚刚”，通 常放在have/has
之后。
e.g. I have already/just finished my homework.
Have you finished your homework yet?
翻译： 她已经找到了她的自行车。She has already found her bike.
她已经找到了她的自行车了？Has she found her bike yet?
Ever, never, yet常用语否定句或疑问句中。
Ever用语疑问句中，表示“曾经”, 放在have/has之后。
e.g. Have you ever been to Australia?
翻译：你唱过这首英文歌吗？Have you ever sung this English song?
Never用语否定句中，意为“从不”，放在have/has后面。
e.g.I have never been to Beijing.
e.g. I haven’t found my ruler yet. （yet用于否定句，译为“还”）
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