instruct新概念1练习(现在完成时、 过去完成时)

2021年1月9日发(作者：季发元)
新概念第一册部分语法
1. 问句：
　　一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意 疑问句，选择疑问
句，否定疑问句
　　1） 一般疑问句： 助动词/be动词+主语
　　Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?
　　2） 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
　　What is your name?
　　3） 选择疑问句： or
　　Do you want beef or lamb?
　　4） 反意疑问句： 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分， 否定陈述部分+肯
定疑问部分
　　You don’t need that pen, do you?
　　5） 否定疑问句： 一般疑问句+否定词
　　Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest?

2. 现在完成时
　　1）构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词
　　2）用法：①表示 过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,
usually, already, since等时间副词连用
　　I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了）
　　He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）
　　They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）
　　The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再
看了）
　　②询问别人是否做过某事一般 用现在完成时：
　 Have you finished your homework?///Have you been to Beijing?///Have
he seen the film?
　　③表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
　　I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.///I have worked for this school
for 1 year.
　　④表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情
I have never had a bath.///I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema. ///I have ever been to Paris.
　 注：Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了
　　I have been to London.（人已经回来）//////He has gone to London.
（人还在那里）
　　⑤表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.///I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.///She has broken my heart.
　　3）句型变化：
　　★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变 否定句在助动词后面加not.
　　 e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
　　★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, I have. No, I have not.
　　★特殊疑问句：What have you done? /// What has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明 确的表示过去的时间状
语的句子为过去时

3. 过去完成时：

　 　1）用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要
用过去完成时。
　　2）结 构：had+过去分词
　　After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
　　They had sold the car before I asked the price.
　　The train had left before I arrived at the station.
　　Aft er/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如
果放在主句后则不用加。3）句型变化：
①变疑问句将助动词移到句首：Had she finished her homework?
　　②变否定句在助动词后面加not：She hadn’t finished her homework.
　　③肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.
　　④特殊疑问句：What had she done?
4 情态动词的使用：can, must, may, might, need,
　　1）情态动词can（能够）， must（必须）， may（可以）
　　结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型
　　He can make the tea.
　　Sally can air the room.
　　We can speak English.
　　★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
　　Can he make the tea?
　　Can Sally air the room?
　　Can we speak English?
　　★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
　　He cannot make the tea.
　　Sally cannot air the room.
　　We cannot speak English.
　　★肯定回答及否定回答
　　Yes, he can. No, he cannot.
　　Yes, she can. No, she cannot.
　　Yes, we can. No, we cannot.
　　★特殊疑问句：
　　What can you do?
　　（必 背）
　　注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词
或动词后面加S。< br>　　2）Must/have to的区别
　　must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客
观条件逼迫的必要要做
　　must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任
何时态
　　3）must, may, might表示猜测：
　　· must do 表示对现在事实的猜测
　　·must have done表示对过去事实的猜测
　　·must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
　　·may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，
might的可能性更小。
　　5·can’t/co uldn’t 表示不可能

练习题
现在完成时练习
一、按要求改变句型
1. He has heard that before. (改为否定句)

2. The retired people have climbed Mount Xiang many times. (改为否定
句)

3. David has already booked the theatre. (改为否定句)

4. Steve and Carol have gone to Italy. (改为否定句)

5. I have had lunch already. (改为疑问句)

6. Two of the scientists have been to the North Pole. (改为疑问句)

7. I have taught English in the middle school since 1980. (改为疑问句)