特点英语过去完成时的用法总结及练习题附答案

2021年1月9日发(作者：舒翁)
学习必备 欢迎下载
过去完成时定义
过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.
否定回答：No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？
基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动
作。即“过去的 过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句
来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。

例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceshi
p. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, si
nce构成的时间状语连用。

例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发 生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生
的动作时，常使用过去完成时。

例如：
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如 果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去
完成时。

例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
（5）过去完成时常常用在told,s aid,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接
引语）中，这时从句中的 动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

例如：
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
学习必备 欢迎下载
（6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生
在后，用一般过去时。
如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

例如：
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过 去完成时，特别是在包含before和aft
er的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以
用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

例如：
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现
的想法，希望，打算或意图等。

例如：
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看看你。
（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (sec
ond, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。

例如：
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。








It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
时间状语
before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than，yet，already等。

过去完成时-语法判定
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过 去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有
先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成 时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
学习必备 欢迎下载
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he w
ent to Beijing.


过去完成时专项练习

1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. ha
d, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal
of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D.
had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with