自然风景图陕西西安市曲江第一中学高考英语压轴专题《任务型阅读》难题汇编百度文库

2021年1月9日发(作者：吉晓辉)


一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

If you shower before bed, you've probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a
problem. Maybe you've heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.

What's the truth? Let's address the can make you sickmyth first. says Dr.
William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago
disproved. It's true that you're much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter
months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.

________ Illness- causing bacteria and viruses don't appear naturally, and so you're not going to
make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a
possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic
materials—can contain asthma- or allergy- triggering molds (哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which
tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a
spokesperson for the American Lung Association.

Gupta says there's no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or
asthma symptoms. ________ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes,
breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don't—you should
wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to
any potential irritants (刺激物).

When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry
about wet hair. it's thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,says Dr.
George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学),

It's also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying
it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.

A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.

B. In some cases, wet hair may actually be a helpful sleep aid.

C. Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.

D. There may be some mild risks associated with going to bed with wet hair.

E. Another wet-hair rumor (谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.

F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and wet will cause
you to come down with a cold.

【答案】 F；E；A；C

【解析】【 分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们普遍认为湿着头发睡觉不利于健康，但是
毫无科学依据，但湿头发睡 觉对头发有不利影响。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“While this idea persists, Schaffner
says it was long ago disproved.”可知，尽管这个观点仍然存在，但是很久之前就被证明是错
误的， F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and
wet will cause you to come down with a cold. “这个观点似乎和旧 的观念相融合，这一观念
认为感受到冷和湿润很可能会感冒”，承接下文，切题，故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Illness-causing bacteria and viruses
don't appear naturally, and so you're not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little
damp at night, Schaffner says.”可知，致病病菌不会自然出现，因此，不用因为打湿了一点枕
头就觉得会感冒，E. Another wet-hair rumor (谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will
colonize your pillow. “关于湿头发的谣言就是细菌会占满你的枕头”，后文对这个观点进行
了反驳，切题，故选E。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Gupta says there's no evidence that
people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms”可知，没有证据
表明因为湿头发睡觉更有可能过敏或者风湿症状， A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair
are theoretical. “因此，任何关于湿头发的担忧都是理论上的”，没有实际意义，开启下
文，切题，故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Generally, it's thought not to be good
for hair to sleep with it wet”可知，一般说来，湿头发睡觉对头发不好， C. Over time, it can
lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine. “长时间这样的话，头发容易断，无光泽”，
承接上文，切题，故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。


2．阅读下文并回答问题。

Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude
(态度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have
more chance to make themselves successful. When you are not confident you can't do well what
you want to do. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions:

Speak loud You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak
loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more
confident.

Play sports Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you
be full of confidence.

Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things
you have done well. Did you finish your homework? Did you tell a joke that made everybody
laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.

Get rid of (消除) fear Fear comes along with failure (失败). But it's easy to overcome (克服) if
you know that failure is part of your life. Don't hide your head just because you said something
stupid last time. Try to start again and believe you can do better.

Pick up a hobby If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make
you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.

（1）Is confidence important in daily life?

（2）When you fail, what can you do to get rid of fear?

（3）Which of these suggestions would you like to choose to be more confident? Why?

【答案】 （1）Yes.

（2）I can try to start again and believe I can do better.

（3）选择一个建议回答即可。说明原由时要有依据。

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个如何让自己更自信的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life.”可知
自信在日常生活中很重要，所以本题的答案为Yes。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Try to start again and believe you can do better.”可知
对于消除恐惧，作者给的方法是尝试重新开始并相信自己 可以做得更好。所以本题答案为I
can try to start again and believe I can do better.

（3）考查推理判断。本题是开放性问题，选择一个建议回答即可。说明原由时要有依
据。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准 确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。


3．选词填空，并翻译划线句子

（1）选词补全短文

come true, terrifying, various, famous for, familiar with, swinging, magical, wander, parade, no
wonder

There are ________ kinds of theme parks. Some parks are ________ having the biggest or
longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.
①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!

The theme park you are probably most ________ is Disneyland. ②It can be found in several
parts of the world. It will bring you into a ________ world and make your dreams ________,
whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale
or Disney cartoon character. As you ________ around the fantasy amusement park, you may see
Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a ________ or on the street. Of course, Disneyland also has
many exciting rides, from giant ________ ships to ________ free-fall drops. With all these
attractions, ________ tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.

（2）①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!________

②It can be found in several parts of the world.________

【答案】 （1）various；famous for；familiar with；magical；come true；wander；parade；
swinging；terrifying；no wonder

（2）不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。；世界上有几 个地方有迪
斯尼乐园。

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上有 各种各样的主题公园，其中介绍了
迪士尼主题公园以及公园内的游乐设施情况。

（ 1）①考查形容词。句意：世界上有各种各样的主题公园。结合句意可知表示各种各样
的短语为vari ous kinds of。故填various。

②考查固定短语。句意：有些公园以拥 有最大或最长的云霄飞车而闻名，另一些则以展
示著名的景点和文化的声音而闻名。结合句意可知表示以 ……而闻名短语为be famous
for。故填famous for。

③ 考查固定短语。句意：你可能最熟悉的主题公园是迪斯尼乐园。根据句意可知表示
对……熟悉短语为be familiar with。故填familiar with。

④考查形容词。句意： 它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在太
空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童 话或迪斯尼卡通人物。world为名词需要形容词
修饰，表示神奇的世界，故填magical。
⑤考查固定短语。句意：它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在
太空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童话或迪斯尼卡通人物。根据句意可知表示梦想
成真短语为ma ke dream come true。故填come true。

⑥考查动词。句意： 当你漫步在幻想游乐园，你可能会看到白雪公主或米老鼠在游行或
在街上。结合句意可知表示漫步且为一 般现在时，主语为you谓语动词用原形。故填
wander。

⑦考查名词。句意同上。根据句意可知表示游行名词为parade。故填parade。

⑧考查形容词。句意：当然，迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆
船到可怕的自由落 体。修饰名词ships应用形容词，构成giant swinging ships巨大的摇摆船
，故填swinging。

⑨考查形容词。句意：当然， 迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆
船到可怕的自由落体。修饰名词短语free- fall drops应用形容词，表示可怕的，故填
terrifying。

⑩ 考查固定短语。句意：有了这些吸引人的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游
业就会增长。根据句 意可知表示难怪短语为no wonder。故填no wonder。

（2）①考查状语 从句。本句为whichever和whatever引导的让步状语从句，表示无论哪
一个无论什么， 故译为不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。。

②考查被动语态。此处 it指代主题公园，与谓语动词构成被动，翻译时注意符合中文的
表达习惯。故译为世界上有几个地方有 迪斯尼乐园。。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，固定短语，动词，名词以及非谓语动词等多 个知识点的考
查，并且含有两句英译汉，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑< br>关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式和正确的汉语翻
译。


4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。

If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it's connectedness.
From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the Internet, we have found ways to bring us all
closer together, enabling，constant worldly access.

I don't think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to
show. Beyond the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more
detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except
ourselves. According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, and we dread boredom and
instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of
dealing with ourselves.

However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious in
spite of being so intimately connected to everything else around us.

Fortunately, there is a solution. The only way to avoid being ruined by this is to face it. It's to let
the boredom take you where it wants so you can deal with whatever it is that is really going on
with your sense of self. That's when you'll hear yourself think, and learn to engage the parts of
you that are masked by distraction.

The beauty of this is that, once you cross that initial barrier, you realize that being alone isn't so
bad. Boredom can provide its own stimulation.

When you surround yourself with moments of solitude and stillness, you become intimately
familiar with your environment in a way that forced stimulation doesn't allow. The world
becomes richer, the layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all
their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.

You learn that there are things you are capable of paying attention to than just what makes the
most noise on the surface. Just because a quiet room doesn
'
t scream with excitement like the
idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore
there.

Sometimes, the direction that this solitude leads you in can be unpleasant, especially when it
comes to introspection (内省)—your thoughts and your feelings, your doubts and your hopes—
but in the long term, it's far more pleasant than running away from it all without even realizing
what you are.

Being alone and connecting inwardly is a skill nobody ever teaches us. That's ironic because it
'
s
more important than most of the ones they do.

Solitude may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start.

The Cost of Connectedness

Introduction

●________ the development of IT has brought us all closer together
than ever before, we ________to connect ourselves while connected
to everything.

The disadvantages of ● We are afraid of a________ state of existence and the boredom it
connectedness

brings.

●We feel so uncomfortable when dealing with ourselves that we
________ from it all and choose to be aimlessly distracted by the
noise of the world.

●We often ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is to ________
for our feeling lonely and anxious.

The ________ to the ●You can deal with whatever is going on with your sense of self.

problem

●You'll hear yourself, think, and learn to engage what is masked by
distraction.

●Being alone isn't so bad. ________, you'll be stimulated by boredom.

●The world becoming richer and ,the layers starting to peel back,
you'll have ________ views about what you see.

●You'll find yourself capable of being attentive to some things and
________ in depth beyond noise and scream.

Conclusion

●Solitude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being
ruined by ________ and anxiety.

【答案】 AlthoughThoughWhile；fail；silentquiet；escape hide shrink withdraw；
blame；solution(s)；InsteadRathe rActually；comprehensivethorough overall；exploring；
loneliness

【解析】【分 析】本文是一篇议论文，信息技术的发展让我们可以和除了自己以外的一切
事物保持联系，也让我们害怕 孤独和无聊。事实上，独处不仅能让我们克服这种恐惧，也
能让我们认清自己和更全面的看清问题。孤独 也许不是解决一切问题的办法，但它确实是
一个开始。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”But the downsides are also beginning to show. Beyond
the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more detrimental
side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except
ourselves.“可知，让人们变得更近的科技最 近展示出了缺点，那就是我们生活在一个除了和
自己，我们和一切都有联系的世界。故可推出科技的发展 和我们和一切都有联系，除了
自己之间是转折意义。填AlthoughThoughWhile。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”We now live in a world where we're connected to
everything except our selves“可知我们生活在这样的一个世界，除了自己我们和一切都有联
系，即我们没能与自己联系 ，fail to do sth，固定短语，没能做某事。空格处是主句谓语
动词，一般现在时，主语 是we，故用动词原形，填fail。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we fear the silence of existence“可知我们害怕独处。
此处考查用a__________ state of existence替换silence of existence，通过分析可知空格处应
填形容词，a silentquiet state of existence=silence of existence(独处)。故填silentquiet。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we dread boredom and instead choose aimless
distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of dealing with
ourselves.“可知我们害怕无聊，取而代之，我们选择漫无目的 的分散注意力，用世界的噪音
来阻止我们面对自己时的不舒适感觉。故第4空处可译为We feel so uncomfortable when
dealing with ourselves that we __________ from it all我们在面对自己时感到如此不舒适以至
于我们想要躲避逃离退缩，此处是句子谓语动词，根据feel判断为一般现在时，主语是
we，故用 动词原形，填escape hide shrink withdraw。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”However, we ignore the fact that never facing
ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious“可知，我们却忽略了事实，那就是从未面对过自己
是我们感到孤独和焦虑的原因 。never facing ourselves is to ________ for our feeling lonely and
anxious.从未面对过自己应为我们的孤独感和焦虑感负责。此处用be to blame for”对……负
责“符合文意，由to判断此处用动词原形。故填blame。

（6）考查原词重现。根据此空后面列举的内容可知，它们都是解决孤独的方法，且原文
中”Fortu nately, there is a solution.“也有提示，根据the判断此处填名词。故填solution(s)。

（7）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”you realize that being alone isn't so bad. Boredom can
provide its own stimulation.“可知你会意识到孤独并没有那么糟糕，无聊会提供它自己的刺
激。 Being alone isn't so bad. __________ , you'll be stimulated by boredom.独处并没有那么糟
糕，相反事实上，无聊会刺激你，符 合文意，又此处是修饰句子，应用副词，故填
InsteadRatherActually。

（8）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的”The world becomes richer, the layers start to peel back,
and you see things for what they really are, in all their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and
in all their unfamiliarity.“可知独处时世界变得丰富，层次开始剥落，你看到事物的本质，它
们的 全部，它们的矛盾处，和它们的陌生处，即你对看到的事物有更全透彻的理解。再结
合名词views判 断此处应填形容词，故填comprehensivethorough overall。

（9）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”Just because a quiet room doesn
'
t scream with
excitement like the idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't
depth to explore there.“可知，仅仅因为一个安静的房间不会让你兴奋的尖叫，就像你沉浸
在一场精彩的电影或电 视节目一样，这并不意味着没有深度去探索，即安静的环境可以让
人集中精力去深度探索。故此处用探索 符合文意，在结合前面的of判断此处应用动名词
形式。故填exploring。

（10）考查推理判断。本文主要讲害怕孤独对我们的危害，以及独处和无聊的好处，再结
合”Soli tude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being ruined by ________ and
anxiety.“可知独处是你避免被孤独和焦虑毁掉所采取的第一步，可以总结本文，又根据and
anxiety可知空格处应填名词。故填loneliness。

【点评】本题 考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和原词重现三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息 的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，从而写出正确答案。


5．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Yellow Robot deliver snacks to your home

A robot makes its way back to a supermarket after making a delivery during a demonstration in
Beijing.

Along a street on the outer edges of Beijing, a yellow and black cube about the size of a small
washing machine moves leisurely to its destination. This “little yellow horse” is a delivery robot,
transporting daily essentials like drinks, fruit and snacks from the local store to the residents.
Equipped with GPS system, cameras and radar, the robot is seen by its creator as the future of
logistics(物流) in China.

“The weak point is that it can't deliver directly to the door like a human.” said one customer,
who does not live on the ground floor. “But it is still quite practical. The robot delivers relatively
quickly.”

The robot takes off for Chinese customers' love of cashless payments and smartphone
shopping. China is the world's biggest online shopping market with more than half of its
population making at least one smartphone purchase per month, according to professional
services firm PricewaterhouseCoopers. Whether buying electronics, toilet paper or clothes,
Chinese customers are used to simply tapping a button on their smartphone and getting a home
delivery.

To get a delivery via the “little yellow horse”, customers select the desired products, tap in the
address and pay via their phone. Then, the supermarket staff place the items in the robot.

Liu Zhiyong, founder and CEO of Zhen Robotics, which manufactures the robot, sees a bright
future for his creation. “At the moment, there are 100 million packages delivered every day in
China. It will be one billion in the future,” Liu said. “ There will not be enough humans to make
the deliveries. We need more and more robots to fill this gap and reduce costs.” These costs are
especially high in the last kilometer of a delivery.

（1）What is the yellow robot equipped with? (no more than 8 words)

（2）What is the weak point of the yellow robot? (no more than 12 words)

（3）Why is the robot popular with Chinese people? (no more than 12 words)

（4）What does the underlined word “manufactures” mean in the passage? (no more than 1
words)

（5）What do you think of the invention of the yellow robot? Why? (no more than 20words)

【答案】 （1）GPS system, cameras and radar.

（2）It can't deliver directly to the door like a human.

（3）Because of Chinese customers' love of cashless payments and smartphone
e Chinese customers love cashless payments and smartphone shopping.

（4）Invents; Creates; Produces;（形式不对减一分）

（5）It is very helpful. Because the robot can replace humans to make the delivers and the robot
can reduce costs.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了黄色的快递机器人以及它的市场前景。

（1）考查信息提升能力。根据第二段中的“Equipped with GPS system, cameras and radar,
the robot is seen by its creator as the future of logistics(物流) in China.”可知黄色的机器人装备
有GPS系统，摄像头和雷达，所以填GPS system, cameras and radar。

（2）考查信息提升能力。根据第三段中的“‘The weak point is that it can't deliver directly to
the door like a human.’said one customer, who does not live on the ground floor.”可知黄色机器
人的缺点是它不能像人一样直接送货上门，所以填It can't deliver directly to the door like a
human。

（3）考查信息提升能力。根据第四段中的“The robot takes off for Chinese customers' love of
cashless payments and smartphone shopping.”可知机 器人在中国很受欢迎是因为中国消费者
喜欢无现金支付和智能手机购物，所以填Because of Chinese customers' love of cashless
payments and smartphone e Chinese customers love cashless payments and
smartphone shopping。

（4）考查信息提升能力。上文“Liu Zhiyong, founder and CEO of Zhen Robotics”甄机器人创始
人兼CEO刘志勇，由此推断出下文which manufactures the robot, sees a bright future for his
creation.的意思是他制造了这款机器人，看到了他的创造的光明前景。manufa cture意思是
发明创造，这里含有一个定语从句，Liu Zhiyong是先行词，关系词替代先 行词，定语从句
中，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词需要用单数，所以填Invents; Creates; Produces。

（5）考查信息提升能力。题干询问你觉得黄色机 器人的发明怎么样?为什么?同学们根据
自己的想法，自由作答。

【点评】本题涉 及考查信息提升能力，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关
系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇 知识，做出正确答案。


6．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

My dad is a kind, gentle man, and a man of few words. Throughout my life, he offered advice
rarely. But the words were always appropriate to the situation I was facing.

As a teen when I struggled with making sense of the world around me, he said, “All things are
relative.” He taught me the right view of the world. When I was offered the opportunity to be a
manager of an organization as an undergraduate student, I asked him for advice because he was a
senior manager of a large company. His advice was simple, “Only when you become the manager
can you have a vision for how you can make the organization better; management isn't about
power and it's about leadership.” I learned what I needed was not only to be responsible for my
team but also to have leading ability. When I was feeling down, he explained, “Think that you
make the wrong choices in life, sometimes.”

My dad is 86 now, living on his own and enjoying life while struggling with the challenges that
aging brings. He keeps a positive attitude despite long pain and the losses that come in life.
Although we live quite far away from each other, we talk daily on the phone, and he shares the
joys of my young family. As I tell him how we're heading off cycling or on a trip or out to play
tennis, now his typical response is, “Do it while you can.” This is very important. We can't be sure
of the future. My father's advice is like the ancient dictum（格言）of “ carpe diem”— seize the
day and enjoy it to the fullest.

My dad rarely “lectured me”. He trusted me, and helped me when I needed help. His patience
and wisdom have been true gifts in my life. As I doubt my ability and my motivation, I recall his
most recent gift of wisdom, “Do it while you can”. It's enough to “just get me started”.

（1）Why did the author's dad tell him “All things are relative.”? (No more than 10 words)

（2）What qualities should a manager have according to the author? (No more than 5 words)

（3）What is the purpose of the author's father talking with him on the phone every day? (No
more than 10 words)

（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (No more than 10
words)

（5）How do you feel about the ancient dictum of “carpe diem”? (No more than 20 words)

【答案】 （1）To teach the author the right view of the world.

（2）Both responsibility and leading ability.

（3）Learning (To learn) more about the pleasure of the author's family.

（4）His father's words make him take action.

（5）(One possible version:) I totally agree with it, because I think one should seize the day to
enjoy his life without regret.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己的父亲及父亲对 自己的教导和启
发。

（1）考查信息提升能力。根据第二段中的“As a teen when I struggled with making sense of
the world around me, he said, ‘All things are relative.’ He taught me the right view of the worl d.”
可知，作者的父亲说“所有的事情都是相对的。”是为了教给作者正确的世界观。考虑词数
限制，故答To teach the author the right view of the world.

（2）考查信息提升能力。根据第二段中的“I learned what I needed was not only to be
responsible for my team but also to have leading ability.”可知，作者明白了作为经 理他需要的
不仅仅是对团队负责，还要有领导能力。考虑词数限制，故答Both responsibility and
leading ability.

（3）考查信息提升能力。根据第三段中的“Although we live quite far away from each other,
we talk daily on the phone, and he shares the joys of my young family. ”可知，作者的父亲每天
和他通电话的目的实际上是想分享年轻家庭的快乐。考虑词数限制，故答Lea rning (To learn)
more about the pleasure of the author's family.

（4）考查信息提升能力。根据最后一段中的“As I doubt my ability and my motivation, I recall
his most recent gift of wisdom, “Do it while you can”. It's enough to “just get me started”可知，
当作者怀疑自己的能力和动机时，他会想起父亲最 近赐予他的智慧——“趁你能做的时候去
做”。这足以让我“开始”了。由此可知，划线句意为，父亲的 话让自己行动起来。考虑词数
限制，故答His father's words make him take action.

（5）考查信息提升能力。此题答案不统一，答题时要有立场、要有依据，同时注意字数
限制。例如：I totally agree with it, because I think one should seize the day to enjoy his life
without regret.（我完全同意，因为我认为一个人应该抓住这一天，享受他的生活没有遗
憾）

【点评】本题涉及信息提升能力的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑
关系 ，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。


7．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。 注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

The urge to share our lives on social media

People have long used media to see reflections of themselves. Long before mobile phones or
even photography, diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one
lives. In the 18th and 19th centuries, as diaries became more popular, middle-class New
Englanders, particularly white women, wrote about their everyday lives and the world around
them.

These diaries were not a place into which they poured their innermost thoughts and desires,
but rather a place to chronicle (记录) the social world around them. The diaries captured the
everyday routines of mid-19th-century life, and women diarists in particular focused not on
themselves but on their families and their communities.

Diaries today are, for the most part, private. But things were different for these New England
diaries. Young women who were married would send their diaries home to their parents as a way
of maintaining kin (血缘) relations. When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to
sit down and go through one's journal together.

Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with
others. We have long used media like photo albums, baby books and even slide shows as a means
of creating traces (痕迹) of our lives. We do this to understand ourselves and to see trends in our
behaviour. We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.

Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy (亲密感). For
example, you take a picture of your child's first birthday. It is not only a developmental milestone:
the photo also strengthen the identity of the family unit itself. The act of taking the photo and
proudly sharing it further reaffirms (再次证实) one as a good and attentive parent. In other
words, the media traces of others figure in our own identities.

Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use, unlike historical diaries, which
people had to buy. Today, advertising subsidises (补贴) our use of networked platforms.
Therefore these platforms encourage use of their networks to build larger audiences and to
better target them. Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used
to create value through increasingly targeted advertising.

Instead of social media merely connecting us, it has become a craze (狂热) for information,
continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday,
someone liked your picture, etc. There's a multibillion-dollar industry pulling us into our
smartphones, relying on a longstanding human need for communication.

The urge to be present on social media is much more complex than simply narcissism (自恋).

Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections, but to feel their
connection as well.

Passage outline

Supporting details

? People kept ________to understand themselves and the world they
live in.

Features
________media

of
? Middle-class Englanders, especially white women diarists focused on
their families and communities.

? It was common for young married women to ________their diaries
with family members or friends.

? We have long used media to partly show ________we are and what
________of media

we have experienced in our lives.

? Sharing daily life events can make family members ________to each
other.

? Today's social media platforms can be used for ________.

? Private data about us are used as ________through targeted
Present situation of
advertising.

media

? Social media are trying to draw more people in by ________to their
need for communication.

Conclusion

People are greatly interested in the use of social media for narcissism
and social ________.

【答案】 e arlyprimitive；diaries；share；FunctionsPurposesBenef its；who；closecloser；
freenothing；commodities；ca tering；connectioncommunication

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了早期的和现代社交媒体的特点和影响。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography，
diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one live s”可知，早在手
机和摄影出现以前，日记是人们了解自己和世界的方式，在手机和摄影出现以前的方式 属
于早期（最初）的媒体，故填earlyprimitive。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography，
diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one live s”可知，在手机
和摄影出现以前，人们通过日记来了解自己和世界，故填diaries。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Diaries today are, for the most part, private”及“When
family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal
together.”可知，现在，日记是很私 人的东西，但在那时，已婚的年轻女性与家人和朋友分
享自己的日记是很平常的事情，故填share。

（4）考查信息概括。根据第四段中的“Diaries are not the only media that people have used
to document lives and share them with others.”及第五段中的“Sharing everyday life events can
strengthen social connection and intimacy”等信息可知，这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的好处
（ 功能目的），故填FunctionsPurposesBenefits。

（5）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We create traces as part of our identity and part of our
memory.”可知，我们创造痕迹作为我们 身份和记忆的一部分，也就是说，我们一直通过社
交媒体来展示我们是谁以及我们在生活中经历了什么， 故填who。

（6）考查细节归纳。根据第五段中的“Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social
connection and intimacy”可知，分享日常生活中的事情可以加强社会联系和亲密感，也就是
说可以使 家庭成员之间的关系更亲密，故填closecloser。

（7）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free
to use”可知，现在的社交媒体平台都是免费使用，故填freenothing。

（8）考查信息归纳。根据第六段中的“Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are
commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising. ”
可知，我们的图片、帖子、喜好都是商品化的，它们被用来通过越来越有 针对性的广告来
创造价值，也就是说我们的私人数据通过定向广告被用作商品，故填commoditi es。

（9）考查信息归纳。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead of social media merely connecting us, it
has become a craze ( 狂 热 ) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of
social connectivity—it's someone's birthday, someone liked your picture, etc.”可知，社交媒体不
再只是把我们联系在一起，它 已经成为一种对信息的狂热，不断地试图用社交连接来吸引
我们——有人过生日、有人喜欢你的照片等等 ，也就是说社交媒体通过迎合我们的需要来
吸引我们，故填catering。

（10）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Social media of all kinds not only enable people to
see their reflections, but to feel their connection as well.”可知，社交媒体会让人们感 受到他们
与外界的交流与联系，人们对此很感兴趣，故填connectioncommunicati on。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，信息归纳和信息概括三个题型的考查，是一篇教育 类阅
读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。


8．任务型阅读

Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.

Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal
than shop for the best life insurance policy.

“People don't think about, What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living?'” says
Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser.“ The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide
the family with maximum flexibility so they're not stuck.”

Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic. Too often, parents make a quick decision,
ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes one is that they do not buy enough life
insurance. ________“They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life
insurance,” says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies,
the other parent can't stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family.

________ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $$3 million for the husband
who earns $$100,000 a year and $$1 million for the stay-at-home wife.

At the same time, many families rely on employer- provided life insurance, but employer-
provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family. Many employer-provided policies
provide a death benefit of $$10,000 to $$25,000—barely enough to cover your funeral expense.
Some employers provide a year's salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your
family would need to maintain its standard of living.

Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. They may be
a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual
policy. But if you're young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own.

Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your
insurance.“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,”
Daugherty says.“________”

On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance.
Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model
who is supporting the family, Daugherty says: The purpose of insurance is to replace the income
that a family has been relying on. Single people and those who have no children to care for
usually don't need life insurance.

Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income
recently asked him how much life insurance he needs.“ I said none,” Katt says. “________”

A. There are people who don't need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it
but are woefully uninsured.

B. Families don't always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.

C. Most people put off buying life insurance for any number of reasons if they even understand it.

D. Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on
your own.

E. If you fall seriously ill of suffer significant injury later, it will make it tougher to get that kind of
policy, if any at all.

F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance
for both parents.

【答案】 B；F；D；A

【解析】【分析】本 文是一篇说明文，大多数父母都知道他们需要生命保险，但不愿购买
最优质的人寿保险。有些人不需要保 险却持有着保险，而许多需要保险的人不幸的是，没
有保险。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ They don't think that the person who
is not bringing in an income needs life insurance ”因为他们不认为没有收入的人需要人身保
险。可知前面 说的是人们不会为在家照顾孩子的一个家长买保险。故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Katt recommended that one young
couple should buy $$3 million for the husband who earns $$100,000 a year and $$1 million for the
stay-at-home wife. ”凯特建议一对年轻夫妇给每年收入10万 美元的丈夫买300万美元保
险，给当家庭主妇的妻子买1百万。可以得知夫妻双方购买的保险数目不用 相同。故选
F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Given the job market, most of us are
not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure ”考虑到务工 市场，多数人不能确定自己工作的
保障性。因此即使你有工作保险，拥有一些保障自己的保险仍然是重要 的。故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Katt says a man with substantial
savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life
insurance he needs. ”卡 特说，一个在股票、债券和其他来源上有大量储蓄的人咨询自己要
买多少人寿保险，说明卡特想要指出有 些人不需要保险却持有着保险，而许多需要保险的
人不幸的是，没有保险。故选A。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。






9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的 最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。

They Just Can't Help It

My theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy — the ability to understand
other people — and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems. ________ For
example, women are more likely to read magazines on fashion and parenting, while men will
choose magazines that feature computers and sport.

You may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave
when they are growing up. However, this is not the case. A new study carried out at Cambridge
University shows that newborn girls look longer at a face, and newborn boys look longer at a
mobile. ________ It has also been observed that girls are better at noticing signs of changes in
other people's feelings. Boys, however, seem to enjoy building toy towers and playing with toys
which have clear functions. ________ People whose jobs are in the construction industries are
almost male. Math and engineering, which require high levels of systems- thinking, are also male-
chosen disciplines. Why do men and women have the difference? Actually women have four
times as many brain neurons (神经) that connect the right and left part of their brains. Because
of it, women have a better ability to multitask than men. ________ Men tend to focus on a
limited number of problems at a time. They will separate themselves from problems and view
tasks as independent from one another.

Some people may worry that I am suggesting one gender (性别) is better than the other, but
this is not the case. My theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they
find easy, but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses. ________ It is not true.
The study simply looks at males and females as two groups, and asks what differences exist, and
why they are there.

A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.

B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.

C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.

D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.

E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.

F. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.

G. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.

【答案】 A；F；C；D；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阐述男性与女性差异各有优缺点。

A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.一般来说，有明显的差异。

B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.他们对建筑系统的偏好可能随着
时间的推移而改变

C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.你可以在成年人的工作场所看到
同样的模式。

D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.他们会同时考虑许多信息来
源。

E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.很重要的一点
是，女性的大脑可能更多地建立在共情的基础上。

F. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.这表明男性和
女性大脑的某些差异是生物学上的。

G. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.其他人
可能认为这一理论产生了一种特定类型的人的信念。

（1）前文叙述男女大脑用途不同，且根据后文提示，For example 的提示，举例说男性与
女性在选择杂志上的区别，故此处应为一个总起性质的句子，强调区别。故选A。

（2）第二段总起的观点为男性与女性在选择上的差异是后天培养的，However 话锋一转，说新生儿在选择上的差异，因此提出新的观点“暗示男性与女性选择上的差异是天生的，即
为生理差 异决定的。”故选F。

（3）前文提及男孩对搭建玩具塔楼以及功能性较强的玩具有强烈的倾 向，后文说建筑类工
作多为男性，故前后文都是描述男性相同的选择倾向，只是发生的年龄和场所不同， 故选
C。

（4）前文提及女性更具有同时从事多个任务的能力，与D 选项many sources 及at the
same time 呼应，故选D。

（5）前文提到my theory “男性与女性各有优缺点”，后文说“it is not true”，故此处引出一
个容易误解的观点。G 选项提及的theory，且这里的观点认为“我的观点会让男性女性模式
化，故选G。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性
或句子但后 面的标点符号来判断该句在我在中的位置。另外通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟
其他选项表达不同意思的句 子，就可以直接将该选项排除。



10．任务型阅读

Information Overload

In modern society，if we're trying to make a decision，we often have so much information
that we get confused，and we don't know what to do．This state is known as information
overload．________ It can cause stress，frustration and reduced productivity．But what can we
do in the face of information overload？

?Plan for only one time each day to check e-mail，social messaging sites，Wechat，etc．Don't
allow yourself to check multiple times，unless you truly are waiting for an important e-
mail．________And that eats up your valuable time before getting away．

If you are suffering from too many electronic interruptions during the weekday，ask people to
call or text you during work hours only if it's really an emergency．________

Remind yourself that it's okay to not know everything．In fact，it's impossible to keep up with
the pace of the information superhighway．The sooner you accept that，the happier you'll
be．________ It is good to fall behind on the information that really isn't worth your attention．

________Set aside a regular time each week where you and other family members do not use
any kind of electronic media technologies，including television．It could be something you do
every weekend，or perhaps an hour or two every evening．

A．Just catch up with the happiest moment．

B．Know what's worth knowing and what isn't．

C．Each time you go online，you run the risk of being addicted to it．

D．Spend time with your family free from electronic products．

E．We need to find some effective ways to process the information．

F． Almost everyone suffers from it to some degree．

G．Otherwise they and you end up stealing time from your employer．

【答案】F；C；G；B；D

【解析】【分析】我们经常有这么多的 信息以至于我们会感到迷惑从而不知道如何选择，
本文作者就针对如何面对信息过剩这一问题，给出了自 己的建议。

（1）语义理解。由This state is known as information overload．和It can cause stress，
frustration and reduced productivity．But what can we do in the face of information overload？
可知这里意思是几乎每个人在某种程度上都在遭受这种痛苦，故答案为F。

（2）语义理解。由And that eats up your valuable time before getting away．这会在你离开之
前浪费你宝贵的时间。可知这里意思是每次 你上网都会冒着沉迷于网络的风险，故答案为
C。

（3）语义理解。由If you are suffering from too many electronic interruptions during the
weekday，ask people to call or text you during work hours only if it's really an emergency．如果
工作日你有太多的电子干扰救就让人们只有在紧急情况 下才能在工作时间打电话或发短信
给你。 可知这里意思是否则，他们和你最终会从雇主那里偷时间，故答案为G。

（4）语义理解。由It is good to fall behind on the information that really isn't worth your
atten tion落后于那些不值得你注意的信息是很好的。可知这里意思是知道什么是值得了解
的，什么是不值 得的，故答案为B。

（5）语义理解。由Set aside a regular time each week where you and other family members
do not use any kind of electronic media technologies，including television．可知这里意思是花
时间和你 的家人在一起，免于受到电子设备的干扰，故答案为D。

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文 章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言
填写答案，在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子 ，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到
可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。


11．任务型阅读

Aside from the health benefits of laughter (which are numerous and significant), having a sense
of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others, look at things in a
different way, normalize your experience, and keep things from appearing too overwhelming or
scary. Properly developed, a good sense of humor can keep people and relationships strong.

Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better, and can lead you to
actually feeling happier (rather than just looking happier). Even if the smile is fake, the benefits
you will experience are real! Also, a fake smile leads readily to a genuine one. If you are able to
put a smile on your face, the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily.

If your situation seems ridiculously frustrating, recognize what can develop into humor in just
how ridiculously frustrating and annoying it is. In your imagination, take the situation to an
extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused. For example, when
you're waiting in a long line at the store, you can imagine that hours pass, then days, visualizing
yourself accepting visits from loved ones from your new home in this ultra-long line, holding your
children's birthday parties in aisle seven so you can be there to enjoy them...you get the picture.

Besides, find a friend with whom you can laugh also works! You can each share your
frustrations, and laugh about them in the process. Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel
less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later.

You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends, or try to count how many times
the same potentially frustrating event happens in a day.(“I was cut off in traffic 7 times today—
I'm almost up to 10!”) This works well for predictable or repetitive annoying situations that you
can't control; you can begin to value them in their own special way instead of letting them upset
you.

One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the
classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off, is that they take somewhat universal situations that many people
find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.

What's more, you can try joining Funny ago, when Oprah had a show rather than a
network, she did a part on Laughter Yoga that interested me, and I researched a club on my own,
finding it to be a terrific place to enjoy a good laugh. Whether you mean business or laugh at the
silliness of it all, taking part in the exercises of laughter yoga with other humor- participants can
be a very effective way to get back in the practice of getting some more laughter into your day.

Title

________

Develop a good sense of humor

Developing a good sense of humor concerning ________in life is an effective coping
leads to better relationship as well as simple stress management.

*Start with a ________ It's shown in the studies that wearing a smile can help you
feel more you laugh, the ________ the stress is to melt.

*Value the extremes:

Imagine the situations to an extreme so that you can recognize the________humor.

*Have an interesting friend: Share frustrations with your friends. If your friend isn't
with you,________ the retelling to come can help lighten your moods.

*Make it a ________

Suggestions

Value your frustrations in a “most annoying boss” game or count the times of the
same potentially frustrating events in a day.

*Watch funny shows and ________

Realizing that some________ frustrating situations are actually funny can help you
endure them with a smile-even if it's ironic.

*Join laughter yoga clubs:

Whether you are taking laughing ________ or just laughing at the silliness of it all,
joining a laughter yoga club is of much help.

【答案】Significance Importance Benefits；difficulties challenges；smile；easier；
potential possible underlying；imagine；game；movies films；universally；seriously

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了幽默感的重要性及一些培养幽默感的方式。

（1）考查名词。根据后面解释的“an effective coping technique. It leads to better relationship
as well as simple stress management.”可知是在讲幽默的意义，重要性或好处。故填
Significance Importance Benefits.

（2）考查名词。第一段“having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to
bond with others,”可知对生活的困难有幽默感可以提供一种与他人建立联系的方式，根据
life's difficulties可知指的是生活的困难，故填difficulties challenges.

（3）考查名词。根据第二段“Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel
better中having a smile”可知建议我们从微笑开始，故填smile.

（4）考查形容词比较级。根据第二段“the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will
melt more easily.”可知笑声会来得更容易，压力也会更容易融化。故填easier。

（5）考查形容词。根据第三段“In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that
becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused.” 把情况变成一 个极端，变得更
加可笑，直到你发现自己被逗乐了。这时候你就会发现自己潜在的幽默，故填poten tial
possible underlying.

（6）考查动词。根据第四段中的“Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed
by thinking about the retelling that will come later.”中的by thinking about可知是想象以后会发
生的复述，故填imagine.

（7）考查名词。根据第五段中的“You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your
friends”可知本段介绍通过和朋友玩游戏的方式使你幽默，故填game.

（8）考查名词。根据第六段中的“One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like
Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off”可知建议我们看有趣的表演或
电影，故填movies films.

（9）考查副词。根据第六段中的“they take somewhat universal situations that many people
find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.”中的universal
situations可知此处修饰形容词用副词，故填universally.（

10）考查副词。根据最后一段“Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all中
mean business”可知表示认真地，严肃地，故填seriously.

【点评】本题考点 涉及名词，形容词。动词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理
解所给材料的基础上，根据所给题 目要求以及相关的语法知识，写出正确的答案。


12．Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence be used
only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Today, in most of the theatres in Britain, the stages are situated behind a sort of arch (拱门),
called the proscenium (幕布前的舞台部分)arch. The arch runs across the building with the stage
on one side of it and the auditorium, housing the audience, on the other. The audience is kept to
the area from which it can get a clear view of the stage. This type of theatre has been is use for
three hundred years. ________ The actor can ignore them until the end, when they applaud the
performance. If an actor wants to speak to the audience he tends to step out of the picture, as it
were—down to the edge of the stage.

________ Stage furniture or properties—– are
now as few as possible. Elaborate scenery is used only when it is going to last throughout the play,
or when it is so constructed that it can be changed quickly. Modern theatres are built with the
stage extending far in front of the proscenium arch, if indeed they have a proscenium arch at all,
electricity, already long in use, has recently had a revolutionary effect. A change of lighting is as
good as a change of scenery, and simpler and quicker; it can light one part of the stage in place of
another. Footlights have been found unnecessary. Curtains also are hardly necessary, since the
stage can be darkened to signify the end of a scene.

The modern idea of having the stage in front of the proscenium arch is not really modern, of
course. It makes our stages much like Shakespeare's. ________ The famous speeches of Hamlet,
for instance, can be delivered more quietly and naturally than they were in the las century. The
actors no longer have to worry much about not being heard, or about turning their backs to the
auditorium. They can get closer to the audience, while a larger audience can see them at work.

Moreover, nowadays, people are finding that modern theatres are built to sit in comfortably for
two or three hours at a stretch. ________ The result of these improvements is that, in spite of the
high price of seats, perhaps more people than ever before are keen on theatre-going.

A. Over the last few decades, since the Second World War, theatrical customs have altered.

B. It makes people feel, as they watch a play or a show, that they are seeing a living and moving
picture.

C. All these innovations have quickened up the pace of the drama.

D. This is an advantage both for actors and audience.

E. Today the theatres are much more comfortable because of the many improvements.

F. Often they can meet and eat in the restaurants attached to the theatres.

【答案】 B；D；A；E

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了英国戏剧的发展以及剧院的布局特点。

（1）根据本空前的“The arch runs across the building with the stage on one side of it and the
auditorium, housing the audience, on the other. The audience is kept to the area from which it
can get a clear view of the stage”可知，拱门穿过整个 建筑，一边是舞台，另一边是容纳观众
的礼堂，观众被限制在能清楚地看到舞台的地方，此处是说这样布 局的原因，B项（它让
人们觉得，当他们看一出戏剧或表演时，他们看到的是一幅活生生的动态画面）符 合语
境，故答案为B。

（2）此处为本段主题句，根据本段内容可知，本段从演员 和观众两个角度说明了这样布
局的好处，D项（这对演员和观众来说都是一个好处）符合语境。故答案为 D。

（3）根据本空后的“The famous speeches of Hamlet, for instance, can be delivered more
quietly and naturally than they were in the last century.”可知，例如，哈姆雷特的著名演讲可
以比上个世纪更安静、更自然地进行 ，这说明戏剧习俗发生了变化，A项（在过去的几十
年里，自第二次世界大战以来，戏剧习俗已经发生了 变化）符合语境。故答案为A。

（4）根据本空后的“The result of these improvements is that, in spite of the high price of seats,
perhaps more people than ever before are keen on theatre-going.”可知，这些改进的结果是，
尽管票价很高，但可能比以往任何时候都有更多的人热衷于看戏，E项（由于许多改进，
现在的剧院舒服 多了）符合语境。故答案为E。

【点评】考查任务型阅读。通读全文，掌握主旨；分析设题 位置，结合上下文语境，再回
填核对答案。


13．任务型阅读How to Overcome Depression

Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month.
Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily
existence. To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you're feeling are the
symptoms of depression.________While medications can help relieve symptoms, it is still
important for depressed persons to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for
coping with it.

Keep yourself busy. Fill your schedule with events and activities you love. Keeping a busy
schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your plate.
You can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the
night before.________

Improve your diet________Even if you're losing your appetite, you need to be determined to
eat three meals a day. You don't need to try to lose weight or be incredibly healthy-conscious
when you're dealing with your depression, but eating healthier food regularly will improve your
mental and physical state.

Think positively. Being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way
that fills you with hope instead of despair. To think more positively, you should learn how to
recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever
you can. For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for________

________ Neglecting personal hygiene (卫生) is a common side effect of depression. While you
will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your
appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself. Shower daily, brush your
teeth and wash your hair.

A. Control your emotions.

B. Improve your appearance.

C Most importantly be happy about every single day.

D. Whichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.

E. However, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.

F. Eating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.

G. If you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.

【答案】G；D；F；C；B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章针对如何克服抑郁提出了一些建议。

（1）根据前一句“To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you're
feeling are the symptoms of depression.”可知，要克服抑郁症，首先你必须确定目前的情绪
是抑郁的症状。按照文意，接下来应该是讲哪种情绪是抑郁的症状。选项G“如果你感到悲
伤、 孤独或毫无价值，你可能会患上抑郁症”是最切题的。所以答案选G。

（2）第二段主要讲了 你要通过忙碌的日程转移自己的注意力，在最后提出两个做计划的方
法：可以在一周开始的时候制定一个 时间表，或者在前一天晚上计划好每一天。根据上下
文逻辑关系，接下来只有选项D“无论你选择哪种方 法，都要有坚持的目标”顺承句意。所
以答案选D。

（3）由第三段第一句也即主旨句“Improve your diet”可知，这一段主要讲如何改 善饮食。
只有选项F“吃健康、均衡的饮食也能帮助你战胜抑郁”切题。所以答案选F。

（4）根据前一句“For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for”可知，首先，你要
找到至少5件事值得感激。 选项A控制自己的情绪，选项B改善你的外表和选项E并不是
每个人都知道抑郁有积极的一面，都不顺承 句意。只有选项C“最重要的是每天都要快乐”
最切题。所以答案选C。

（5）根据“While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time
to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself”可知，
虽然 你不会通过改变容貌来战胜抑郁，但如果你每天都花时间保持自己的外表和卫生，你
就会感觉良好。所以 这一段是关于改善外表的。只有选项B切题。所以答案选B。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意 ，会让解题的方向更明确。如果文章有标
题，标题往往就点出了文章的主题。如果文章没有给出标题，就 需要同学们快速分析出主
题。

2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案：了解了文章 主题，需要回到文中，重点阅读空格
附近的句子，圈定线索词，再和选项进行比对，锁定和线索相关的选 项，从而确定答案。

3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原 文，进行核对检
查。看文章从内容上、逻辑上是否通顺连贯，直白地说，就是检查文章是否读得通、读得
懂，符合逻辑。


14．任务型阅读

Perhaps at one point in time, it was acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with “To Whom It
May Concern.”________ Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give off the
impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to________After all, people
who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more
pleasant.

________It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints（抱
怨）made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.

Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation, for a colleague
who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers________“In most cases,
though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net,” notes Grammarly.”Ask yourself.
Who does this e-mail concern? If you can honestly answer 'Anyone, 'then feel free to use “To
Whom It May Concern.” （These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.）

If you do happen to find that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, don't make
grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation.________

A. However, it maybe interesting.

B. Those times have changed, though.

C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.

D. It's also very impersonal, which some employers might not appreciate.

E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.

F. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.

G. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.

【答案】B；D；G；E；F

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。现在写求职信与 过去不同了。不写具体称呼会让收信的
人不舒服的，通用称呼只有几种场合才能用。如果要用这种的话， 也要注意别犯一些常见
的语法错误。

（1）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本 句主要根据时态来判断。空前是一般过去
时，讲的是写信用通用称呼，而不是具体称呼在过去是可接受的 。空后是一般现在时，现
在最好要称呼具体，否则会让人不喜欢。由此可推断出空前后是今昔对比，有所 不同的。
分析选项可知，B项（Those times have changed, though. 然而，那些时代已经改变了）。可
知符合题意。过去的那种现象已不适合现在了，会留 下不好的印象。故答案选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。 根据空前的内容 ：用这样的方式（没写收信
人的名字）写求职信或电子邮件可能会给你留下一个印象，那就是你没有对你 要写的东西
做任何研究。空后：毕竟写信称呼他们的名字可能会更令人高兴。由此可推断出如果没写收信人的名字，可能会让人不喜欢。分析选项D项（这也是非常客观的，有些老板可能不
欣赏）放入 句中“如果写求职信时不写称呼可能会让人不喜欢。毕竟有称呼才会让人高
兴”，句意是通顺的。故答案 选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的内容：它可以用在推荐信或证 明
信、对公司提出的正式投诉、介绍信和感兴趣的信件中。可知它用于四种场合。分析选项
可知 ，G项（ But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this
greeting）但是根据Gr ammarly的说法，使用这个问候语有四次，可知本句中正好是可用于
四种场合，且选项G项与本段 有意思及词（use）的复现。因此符合题意，故答案选G。

（4）考查对上下文的理解及推 理判断能力。空前：对于一个必须复制几份推荐信发给不同
的面试官的同事为例。由此可知写的求职信， 要用正式用语。分析选项，可知E项（ In
that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.）在这种情况下，
发送和接收信件更多的是正式的问候语，符合题意，放入文中符合 题意，故答案选E。

（5）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。 根据空前的内容don't make grammar mistakes,
for example, letters or punctuation. 不要犯语法错误，例如字母或标点符号，这是常见的错
误。分析选项，可知 F项（ 你可能会留意这些 常见错误）与之有句意的重叠。放入句中，
检验可知，文中之意是在写信时，不要犯一些常见的语法错误 ，如拼写和标点符号，也许
你正在犯的错误。通过检验，推断出F项符合题意，故答案选F。

【点评】七选五解题步骤如下：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选 项适合放在文章的什么位置。步骤
二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章 结构，找出各段的
主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词 。
步骤五：区分相似项；步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。


15． 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。

Tip 1： ________

Many entrepreneurs agree that creating short-term and long-term goals is the key to success.
Write down your goals for the next year or more. ________ But by writing them down， you will
already be in a better position to achieve them.

Tip 2：Find your passion quickly but cheaply.

________ Take part in a variety of activities to discover what you love， such as a free
concert，a free class or just a cheap movie； meanwhile， try not to spend too much money in
the process.

Tip 3：Be a master at social media.

Becoming an expert at social media may be the most important thing to better your
entrepreneurial dreams. Using social media，you'll reach a global audience. By growing and
managing your online presence， you will enlarge the influence of your brand. ________

Such additions to your daily life are lifestyle changes that will improve your chances of success.
They may seem insignificant now， but when you're success, you'll appreciate the role they
played. ________ Looking back，you'll be proud of your smart choices.

A. Create manageable goals.

B. Write down short-term goals.

C. And success is likely to follow.

D. Social media is essential to entrepreneurship.

E. It is important to learn what gets you excited.

F. It may take some time to tick off all the points on your list.

G. You'll be glad you took the time to win the game properly.

【答案】A；F；E；C；G

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了创业更容易成功的几点建议。

（1 ）考查归纳总结。本段的主要内容是制定长期和短期的目标是成功的关键，因此可推断
出本部分的小标题 应是制定可行性的目标，故答案选A。

（2）考查推理判断。结合上文和后一句But by writing them down，you will already be in a
better position to achieve them.(如果你要把它们写下来，你就 可以更好的去实现他们)可推
断出，列出清单可能会花费一些时间，故答案选F。

（3）考查细节理解。根据小标题和下文的Take part in a variety of activities to discover what
you love可推断，要发现自己喜欢什么，学习让你感到兴奋的东西是很重要的，故答案选
E。

（4）考查推理判断。根据上文可知，想成为成功的创业者，需要利用好社交媒体，可以扩
大你 的影响力，由此成功可能会到来，故答案选C。

（5）考查推理判断。结合上下文，尤其是上文的They may seem insignificant now，but
when you're success, you'll appreciate the role they played.可知，现在这些看似不重 要，但当
你成功时，你将感激它们所起的作用，可推断出，你会很高兴你花时间去赢得比赛，故答
案选G。

【点评】七选五题步骤如下：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选 答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。步骤
二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构 。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的
主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段， 寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。


16．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选 项。

After a long day at work, coming home is a breath of fresh air. Home is a comfortable place to
sit back and relax. ________ Below are a number of things we can do to create a healthy home
environment that will help to ease the workday stress and promote our physical and mental
health.

Cleaning the house regularly is the first thing we should do. It may seem like a tiring thing to
clean but there is a reason for doing so. We can remove dust by cleaning the house. Leaving
layers of dust everywhere means that there is a build-up of dust. And where do these layers of
dust go?________

Making sure the rooms are full of sunlight is also important. We may not realize it but sunlight
is an important part of our growth. We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions.
________ Think about using a Parans system where sunlight does not reach. This technology
gathers the sunlight by using solar panels. It can send out sunlight wherever we are.

________ Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air. They also give off oxygen,
which can lower stress and improve our moods.

Along the lines of being green, it can also be vital to think about what things we are bringing
into the house. Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health. ________ They may
contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in, or simple absorbed through the skin.

A. However, is it as healthy as it can be?

B. Is our home as comfortable as it used to be?

C. Into our lungs.

D. The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.

E. Besides, it can reduce both stress and high blood pressure.

F. It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.

G. It is acknowledges that a greener lifestyle is linked to better health.

【答案】 A；C；E；F；D

【 解析】【分析】本文属于说明文，家是一个让人感到舒适温馨的地方，介绍营造健康家
庭环境的方法。< br>
（1）根据后一句以下是几件值得做的事情来创建健康的家庭环境，以此缓解我们的压
力，改善我们的身体和精神健康，A选项，我们现在的家还一如既往的健康吗？ 后一句是
对这一句的回答，一问一答，切题，故选A。

（2）根据前一句And where do these layers of dust go?可知，这些灰尘去哪里了？本空是对< br>上一句的回答，故C选项，这些灰尘进入了我们的肺部，切题，故选C。

（3）本段主要讲述阳光的重要性，以及前一句We all know that sunlight promotes better
working conditions.，阳光可以改善我们工作 条件，E选项，除此之外，还可以减轻压力和
降低高血压，同样陈述阳光的好处，切题，故选E。

（4）本空是本段第一句，根据后一句Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air.
可知，本段讲述绿色植物的重要性，故F 选项，家里种绿色植物是个好主意，切题，故选
F。

（5）根据前一句Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to hea lth.可知，努力避免使用
对身体有害的塑料制品，D选项，同样也适用某些地毯和涂料，都阐述避免 进入家里的物
品，切合主题，故选D。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格
前后，对比选项，选择答案。 3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要
把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。