杨贵妃之死英语四级阅读真题包括答案.doc

2021年1月10日发(作者：羊袭吉)
















2019 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题及答案
2013 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题及答案
Section A
Directions ： In this section, there is apassage with ten
blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making
your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may
not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.





Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowing
does it take to be a well-trainednurse? The
answer used to be two- year associate ’s or four -year
bachelor ’sdegree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36, a

growing number of schoolsand hospitals are establishing
“fast - track programs ” that enab le collegegraduates with no
nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or soof 38
1991, there were only 40 fast-
trackcurricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is
Columbia University ’s Entry to Practice program. Students
earn their bachelor of sciencein nursing in a year. Those who
stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master ’s degree that 40
them as nurse practitioners ( 执业护士 ) orclinical nurse
students are recent 41; others are
careerswitchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of
Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and









then worked for apharmaceutical (

药物的 ) research company. At
“I saw
’t want to be in
Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner.
opportunity,
” he says. “Also, I didn
school for that long.
thatnurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good
”The fast
-track trend fills a need, but
it ’s alsocreating some 44 between newcomers and veterans.
“Nurses that arestill at the bedside 45 these kids with
suspicion,
” says LindaPellico,
Yale University for 18 years.


who has taught nursing at
“They wonder,how can they do
’t.
it quicker?
” The answer is they don
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡



2 上作答。










A) additional
B) applied
C) demand
D) excessive
E) experienceF) explores
G) graduates
H) operations
I) promote
J) qualifiesK) specialized
L) tension
M) trained
N) view
O) worsens




















参考答案








36~40 OEKAJ
41~45 GMCLN
SectionB
Directions ：In this section, you are going to read a
passagewith ten statements attached to it. Each statement
contains information givenin one of the paragraphs. Identify
the paragraph from which the information isderived. You
may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is
markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.




The rise of the sharing economy
A) Last night 40 000 people rentedaccommodation from a
service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30 000 cities in
192countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything
online. But theirbeds were provided by private individuals,
rather than a hotel chain. Hosts andguests were matched up by
Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since itslaunch in

2008 more than 4 million people have used it —2.5 million of them
in2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new

“sharing economy ”, inwhich people rent beds, cars,
boats and other assets directly from each other,co-
ordinated via the internet.

B)You might think this is no different fromrunning a bed-and-
breakfast ( 家庭旅店 ), owninga timeshare ( 分时度假房 ) or participating
in a car pool. But technology has reducedtransaction costs, making
sharing assets cheaper and






easier than ever —andtherefore possible on a much larger
scale. The big change is the availabilityof more data about
people and things, which allows physical assets to bedivided
and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a
surfboard, apower tool or a parking space from someone else

was feasible, but was usuallymore trouble than it was worth.
Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides andSnapGoods match
up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people seewhere
the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a

way tocheck up on people and build trust; and online
payment systems handle thebilling.



What’s mineis yours, for a fee
C)Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone
to become a retailer, sharingsites let individuals act as an ad
hoc ( 临时的 ) taxi service,car-hire firm or boutique hotel ( 精品
酒店 ) as and when itsuits them. Just go online or download an
app. The model works for items thatare expensive to buy and
are widely owned by people who do not make full use ofthem.
Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can
also rentcamping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and
washing machines in advocates of the
sharing economy like to put it, access trumps (

胜过 )ownership.



D)Rachel Botsman, the author of a book onthe subject,
says the consumer peer-to-peerrental market alone is worth
$$26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharingeconomy include
peer-to-peer lending or putting asolar panel on your


roof and selling power back to the grid (

just individuals

电网 ). And itis not
： the web makes it easier for companies to






rent outspare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of
the sharing economy ispeople renting things from each other.

E)Such “collaborative ( 合作的 )consumption ” is a good
thing for several reasons. Owners make money fromunderused
assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their

homesdo so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $$9 300.
Car owners who renttheir vehicles to others using RelayRides
make an average of $$250 a month; somemake more than $$1 000.
Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if theybought

the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as
a hotelor car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits,
too ： renting a carwhen you need it, rather than owning one,
means fewer cars are required andfewer resources must be
devoted to making them.



F)For sociable souls, meeting new people bystaying in
their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons ( 倔脾气的人 )
whoimagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at
conventional others, the web fosters trust. As
well as the background checks carried outby platform owners,
online reviews and ratings are usually posted by bothparties to
each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers,
bathrobe-thieves and surfboard- wreckers. By usingFacebook
and other social networks, participants can check each other out
andidentify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An


Airbnb user had herapartment trashed in 2011. But the
remarkable thing is how well the systemusually works.



Peering into the future
G)The sharing economy is a little likeonline shopping,
which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people






wereworried about security. But having made a successful
purchase from, say,Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere.
Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first

time encourages people to try otherofferings. Next, consider
eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is


now dominated byprofessional “power sellers ”(many of whom
started out as ordinary eBay users). The same mayhappen with
the sharing economy, which also provides new
opportunities for people have bought cars
solely to rent them out, for example.

H)Existing rental businesses are gettinginvolved too.
Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in asharing rival. So do GM
and Daimler, two carmakers. In future, companies
maydevelop hybrid ( 混合的 ) models, listing excess capacity
(whether vehicles, equipment oroffice space) on peer-to-peer
rental sites. In thepast, new ways of doing things online have
not displaced the old ways they have often
changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and
Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up
transport,tourism, equipment- hire and more.


I)The main worry is regulatory room-
renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? InAmsterdam
officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed
some American cities, peer-to-peertaxi services
have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms.
Thedanger is that although some rules need to be updated to
protect consumers fromharm, existing rental businesses will
try to destroy competition. People whorent out rooms should
pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated likea






Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern
bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.







J)The sharing economy is the latest exampleof the
internet

’s value to consumers. This emerging model is nowbig
and disruptive (*

性的 ) enough for regulators and companies to
have woken up to it. Thatis a sign of its immense potential.
It is time to start caring about sharing.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2 上作答。


46. Sharing items such as cars does good tothe
environment.



47. Airbnb ’ssuccess clearly illustrates the emergence
of a huge sharing economy.
48. The major concern about the sharingeconomy is how
the government regulates it.

49. The most frequently shared items arethose expensive
to buy but not fully used.



50. The sharing economy has a promisingfuture.
51. Online sharing will change the waybusiness is done
in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.

52. Airbnb is a website that enables ownersand
renters to complete transactions online.

53. The sharing economy is likely to go theway of online
shopping.

54. One advantage of sharing is that ownersearn
money from renting out items not made full use of.






55. Sharing appeals to the sociable in thatthey can
meet new people.

参考答案








46~50 EAICJ
51~55 HAGEF
Section C
Directions ： There are 2 passages in thissection. Each
passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
each of them there are four choices marked A),
B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line
through the centre.




Section C Passage One
Questions56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of researchhas shown
that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large
number offactors besides our biological need for energy,
including our eatingenvironment and our perception of the
food in front of s have shown,for instance, that
eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction)




canincrease both hunger and the amount of food consumed.
Even simple visual cues,like plate size and lighting, have been
shown to affect portion size andconsumption.A new study
suggested that our short-termmemory also may play a role in

appetite. Several hours after a meal, people ’s hunger levels were
predicted not by how much they ’d eaten but rather by how much
food they ’d seenin front of them — in other words,






how much they remembered disparity (
influence on our appetitethan the actual size of the meal,

says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor ofexperimental
psychology at the University of Bristol.
controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a
for that meal, ” Brunstromsays.

差异 )
suggeststhe memory of our previous meal may have a bigger
“Hunger isn ’t

recentmeal. We have identified an independent role for memory
“This shows that the
relationship between hunger and food intake ismore complex
than we thought. ”These findings echo earlier research that
suggests our perception offood can sometimes trick our
body’s response to the fooditself. In a 2011 study,
instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie (
ofhunger- related hormones (
milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels
荷尔蒙 ), depending on whether the
shake’s labelsaid it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover,
the participants reportedfeeling more full when they thought









for
卡路里 )
they ’dconsumed a higher
-calorie does this mean
for our eatinghabits? Although it hardly seems practical to
trick ourselves into eating less,the new findings do
highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoidingTV
and multitasking while so-calledmindful-eating
strategies can fight distractions and help us control
ourappetite, Brunstrom says.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2 上作答。


56. What is said to be a factor affectingour appetite
and food intake?


A) How we perceive the food we eat.C) Whenwe eat our
meals.






B) What ingredients the food contains.D)How fast we eat
our meals.

57. What would happen at meal time if youremembered
eating a lot in the previous meal?
















A) You would probably be more picky aboutfood.
B) You would not feel like eating the samefood.
C) You would have a good appetite.
D) You would not feel so hungry.
58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?
A) Food labels may mislead consumers intheir purchases.
B) Food labels may influence our body

food.
C) Hunger levels depend on one ’s consumption of
calories.
’s response to

D) People tend to take in a lot morecalories
than necessary.




59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do tocontrol our
appetite?
A) Trick ourselves into eating less.C)Concentrate on
food while eating.

B) Choose food with fewer calories.D) Pickdishes of
the right size.

60. What is the main idea of the passage?














A) Eating distractions often affect ourfood digestion.
B) Psychological factors influence ourhunger levels.
C) Our food intake is determined by ourbiological needs.
D) Good eating habits will contribute toour health.
参考答案








56~60 ADBCB
Section C Passage Two
Questions61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink thetime and money
spent on education, so that these resources can benefit
agreater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high
schools and collegescan prepare individuals for the ever-
changing roles that arelikely to be expected of
school degrees offer far less in the way ofpreparation for work
than they might, or than many other nations currentlyoffer,
creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage
students to goon to college whether they are prepared or not,
or have a clear sense ofpurpose or interest, and now have the
highest college dropout rate in might look to other
countries for models of how high schools can offerbetter
training, as well as the development of a


work ethic (

勤奋工作的美德 ) andthe intellectual skills needed

for continued learning and development. Irecommend Harvard ’s 2011
“Pathways toProsperity ” report for more attention to
the “forgotten half ” (those whodo not go on to college) and
ideas about how to address aneously, the liberal
arts become more important than ever. In aknowledge






economy where professional roles change rapidly and many
collegestudents are preparing for positions that may not even
exist yet, the skill setneeded is one that prepares them for
change and continued ng toexpress ideas well
in both writing and speech, knowing how to find
information,and knowing how to do research are all solid
background skills for a widevariety of roles, and such training
is more important than any particular majorin a liberal arts
college. We need to continue to value broad preparation
inthinking skills that will serve for a ts also
need to learn towork independently and to make responsible
decisions. The lengthening path


toadulthood appears exacerbated (

恶化 ) by parental
involvement in the college years. Given the risinginvestment
in college education, parental concern is not surprising,


butlearning where and when to intervene (

increasingly costlyeducations.
干预 ) will
helpstudents take more ownership of the outcomes of these

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡



2 上作答。





61. What kind of education does the authorthink is ideal?
A) It benefits the great majority of thegeneral
population.
B) It prepares students to meet the futureneeds of
society.
C) It encourages students to learnthroughout their lives.









D) It ensures that students

’
expectations are
successfully fulfilled.






62. What does the author say is the problemwith
present high school education?



A) Ignoring the needs of those who don

’t go to college.








B) Teaching skills to be used right aftergraduation only.
C) Giving little attention to those havingdifficulty
learning.
D) Creating the highest dropout rate in thedeveloped
world.
63. What characterizes a knowledge economyaccording to
the passage?

A) People have to receive higher educationto qualify
for a professional position.

B) Students majoring in liberal artsusually have
difficulty securing a job.

C) New positions are constantly createdthat
require people to keep learning.

D) Colleges find it hard to teach studentshow to cope
with the changing economy.

64. What does the author think a liberalarts college
should focus on?







A) Solid background knowledge in aparticular field.
B) Practical skills urgently needed incurrent society.
C) Basic skills needed for change andlifelong learning.
D) Useful thinking skills for advancedacademic research.


65. What suggestion does the author offerto parents?
A) Rethinking the value of highereducation.
B) Investing wisely in their children

’s education.
C) Helping their children to bring theirtalent into full
play.
D) Avoiding too much intervention in theirchildren
education.
参考答案
61~65 BDCCD
s












’