break专业英语四级 65

2021年1月11日发(作者：洪承骏)

专业英语四级-65

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：25.00)

Spring is here: flowers are in bloom, birdsong fills the air, and the inboxes of employers are
filled with desperate appeals for summer internships. College students and graduates are well
aware of the impact a desirable placement could have on their careers. With ever fewer entry-level
jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical first step into employment. In America,
three-quarters of students on a four-year university course will have toiled as an intern at least
once before graduation. Up to half of these workers will have given their services free. Some
may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to work.
Unpaid internships seem to be an example of mutual utility: inexperienced youngsters learn
something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some unskilled work. The arrangement
is consensual, and companies often use internships to test potential recruits. But the increasing
popularity of these unpaid placements has caused some controversy lately. Nick Clegg, Britains
deputy prime minister, recently launched a crusade to ban them, arguing that they favour the
wealthy and privileged. Others complain that uncompensated internships violate labour standards,
exploit new workers and surely depress wages for everyone else. In America, they tend to be illegal
at for- profit companies, according to guidelines set out in 1947. But the Department of Labour
barely enforces such rules, in part because interns are often too afraid to file complaints.
Organisations in America save $$2 billion a year by not paying interns a minimum wage, writes Ross
Perlin in Intern Nation, a new book about the highly competitive race to the bottom of the
corporate ladder. Perhaps one-third of all internships at for-profit companies are unpaid, and
interns now often fill roles once held by full-time employees. Young people and their parents
are subsidising labour for Fortune 500 companies, Mr Perlin comments.
To avoid legal complications, companies often encourage students to work in exchange for academic
credits from their college. But such credits can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. Some
colleges abolish their fees or earn them by offering guidance and oversight. For many institutions,
however, they are an easy source of revenue, more beneficial to themselves than their students.
Calls for new labour laws that reflect the growing prominence of internships have got nowhere.
Instead, interns will have to look out for each other, for example by rating their experiences
on websites such as InternshipRatings and Internocracy. At any rate, students may be buoyed by
a rare bit of good news from the National Association of Colleges and Employers: employers intend
to hire 19% more graduates this year than last. This should spare some from the misery of working
without pay.（分数：12.50）
(1).According to the first paragraph, college students and graduates find it most essential to
______.（分数：2.50）
an entry-level job
e free service
an internship √
for the privilege of getting a job
解析：[解析] 第1段第1句讲到雇主的邮箱里尽是暑期实习岗位的申请者(desperate appeals for summer
internships)，第2句表明大学生和毕业生都知道internship s对他们的职业发展很重要，第3句中的critical与题
干中的most essential为 近义词，由此可见，本题应选C。解答本题的关键在于把握第1段的中心内容，该段主要讲的
话题是“实 习(internship)”，其他选项均偏离该主题。
）2.50（分数：(2).Nick Clegg recently launched a crusade to ban ______.
ships before employment
ensated internships √
sual internships
ships for rich college students
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的Nick Clegg、crusade等词定位到第2段4句。本题其实要求找到该句中them的所指。根
据该 段前两句及其他句子可知该段讨论的话题是“无薪实习”，第4句所说的Nick Clegg发起的运动就是要禁止“无薪
实习”。在该段中，“无薪实习”有多种表达：unpaid internships，unpaid
placement和uncompensated internships，故本题应选B。
(3).From Ross Perlins new book Intern Nation, we can learn that ______.（分数：2.50）
ition for internships is intense √
s are usually looked down upon
third of interns work for for-profit companies
ships are least valued by for- profit companies
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的Ross Perlin定位到第3段第1句。本题考查对该句中highly competitive race
to the bottom of the corporate ladder的理解，the bottom of the corporate ladder字面上的意思是“职业阶梯
的最底层”，此处指“实习生岗位”。该句表明Ross Pe rlin认为“实习生岗位”的竞争也很激烈，由此可见，本题应选
A。该句中的bottom并没有贬 义，没有瞧不起实习职位的意思，只是客观地指出“实习”是最初级的职位，据此应排除
B；第3段第2 句讲到“在盈利性公司工作的实习生中有三分之一的人没有报酬”，C歪曲了原文的意思；D无原文依据。
(4).What can we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：2.50）
labor laws will soon be enforced.
tes will not have to work as an intern.
job vacancies will be available for graduates. √
g without pay will soon be banned.
解析：[解析] 最后一段倒数第2句冒号后的内容(employers intend to hire 19% more graduates)表明职业空缺会增
多，故C的说法正确。A与该段首句中got nowhere相反；B、D均缺乏原文根据。
(5).What is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.50）
of Internships and Employment
ment at For- profit Industries
ate Graduates
s for Interns √
解析：[解析] 本文第1段先提出了“实习”这一话题，第2段将话题收窄， 讲“无薪实习”，接下来的三段都围绕“无
薪实习”这一话题，讲到了无薪实习的现状和相关法规。在四 个选项中，与此话题最贴近的是D“实习生的苦难经历”，
它既暗示“无薪实习”这一现象，又带有同情 ，与作者对毕业生“无薪实习”的感情色彩相符。A虽然有Internships
这一关键词，但re form和employment都不是文章的主题；B中的For-profit Industries严重脱离文章中心，故排除；
而C的Desperate Graduates带有贬义，且不能预示文章内容，也无概括性，不可选。
Every April I am troubled by the same concern—that spring might not occur this year. The landscape
looks dull, with hills, sky and forest forming a single gray color, like the light color an artist
paints on a canvas before the masterwork. My spirit ebbs, as it did during an April snowfall when
I first came to Maine 15 years ago. Just wait, a neighbor counseled. Youll wake up one morning
and spring will just be here. And look, on May 3 that year, I awoke to a green so startling as
to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of moving a switch. Hills, sky and forest
revealed their purples, blues and greens. Leaves had unfurled, birds had arrived at the feeder
and daffodils were fighting their way towards heaven.
Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped land in my neighborhood. It belongs
to no one and therefore to everyone. The trees dark, twisted branches stretch in unpruned abandon.
Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air fills with the fragrance of apple. When I drive
by with my windows rolled down, it gives me the feeling of moving in another world, like a kid
on a water slide.
Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a fit of
spring madness, I set out with a pruner and cut off a few unordered branches. No sooner had I
arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These
were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come unbidden into their
personal gardens.
My mobile- home neighbor was the first to speak. You
e not going to cut it down, are you? she
asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. Don kill it, now, he cautioned.
Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there
for five years and only now was learning these peoples names, what they did for a living and
how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches
for the dual purpose of acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn help recalling Robert
Frosts words:

The trees that have it in their pent-up buds


To darken nature and be summer woods.

One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He said
how this recent winter had been especially long and complained not having seen or spoken to anyone
in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, We need to prune that apple tree 条楡?（分数：
12.50）
(1).By saying that my spirit ebbs (Para. 1), the author means that ______.（分数：2.50）
was relieved
was gloomy √
was surprised
was tired
解析：[解析] 从第1段第4句中邻居所说的“再等等吧”以及第1句中的Every April I am troubled by
the same concern可知，和15 年前那个四月的下雪天初次来到缅因州时一样，作者现在来到此地时，心情低沉，担心
春天不会来了。所 以，my spirit ebbs是指“情绪低落”，ebb的意思是“(潮)退；(情绪)低落、衰退”，选B。
(2).The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to ______.（分数：2.50）
regarded as a delight in the neighborhood √
been abandoned by its original owner
been neglected by everyone in the community
attractive only to the author
解析：[解析] 第3至5段作者 讲述了自己的经历：给苹果树修剪枝丫时，发现邻居都走出来，十分关心苹果树的情况。
也因为这棵苹果 树，“我”和邻居之间的距离拉近了。最后一段讲到一位邻居提出再修剪一次苹果树，以把大家聚集起
来 。这些都说明苹果树深得整个街区居民的喜爱，因此本题应选A。注意不要被第2段第4句末尾的abandon 误导而选
B，在原文中，abandon并不是“抛弃”之意，而是“无拘无束地生长；放任”的意思。
(3).In Para. 3,
eighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches probably because
______.（分数：2.50）
were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree
wanted to prevented the author from pruning the tree
were concerned about the safety of the tree √
wanted to get to know the author
解析：[解析] 根据第4段邻居们所说的话“你不会把它砍倒的，对吧?” 、“别弄死它!”以及anxiously和cautioned
等词可以知道邻居是因为担心苹果树的 安危，所以在作者开始修剪树枝的时候，他们都走出来了。由此可见。本题应选
C。
(4).Not until last year did the author ______.（分数：2.50）
to worry about the tree

aware of the apple tree
to appreciate the neighborhood
acquaintance with the neighbors √
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的until last year定位到第3段第1句。第3至5段可以视为文章的中心部分，这一部分
讲作者直到去年因为修剪 苹果树才开始与邻居有了交流。第3段中的These were people I barely
knew and seldom spoke to以及第5段中的for the dual purpose of acquaintanceship直接说明本题应选D。
(5).The authors neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about ______.（分数：2.50）
spring would arrive
to pass the long winter
neighborhood gathering √
pruning for the apple tree
解析：[解析] 在最后一段最后两句中，一位邻居抱怨今年冬天都没有和邻 居们见见面、说说话，最后他提出还得给苹
果树修修枝。对于住在这个街区的人来说，给苹果树修枝就意 味着邻里的聚会，由此可见，这位邻居最关心、最想做的
其实是“邻里聚会”，因此本题应选C。

三、TEXT B(总题数：2，分数：22.50)

Job stress and worrying about job security can both take a toll on a womans body, although the
two issues affect female health differently, according to research presented last month at the
American Heart Associations Annual Meeting in Chicago. But whether chronic work-related stress
is eating at your nerves or ballooning your waistline, there are natural solutions with no toxic
side effects that you can use to relax the pressure.
In a recent study looking at work stress and women, researchers from Harvard and Brigham and Womens
Hospital studied more than 17,000 otherwise healthy women, generally in their 50s, enrolled in
the Womens Health Study for 10 years. Women who reported work- related strain, such as having
little or no authority over decisions or being unable to contribute creativity and skills to the
job, were up to 88 percent more likely to experience a heart attack than women who reported no
work strain. Overall, working women reporting high job strain faced a 40 percent higher rate of

cardiovascular
(心血管的) disease, too.
Worrying about losing a job did not appear to increase heart attack risk, but it was linked to

cholesterol
(胆固醇obesity, high blood pressure, and high ), all of which can eventually lead
to cardiovascular disease.

stress-zapping
Previous research out of the University of Oregon has found that you could adopt
properties of Integrative Body-Mind Training (IBMT) before the workweeks out. After practicing
it for 20 minutes a day for five days in a row, participants reported reduced stress and increased
energy. Prevention suggests this intro IBMT exercise: Sit quietly in a comfortable position. Close
your eyes and think of your mind as a full cup; as thoughts come and go, keep returning to an
image of the cup becoming empty. Repeat for five minutes.
Regardless of your meditation style, know this: Compared to non-meditators, women who practice
meditation enjoy up to a 66 percent drop in stress hormone levels, which can dramatically improve
heart health.
If you
e in need of an emergency quick freak-out fix, reach for a piece of gum. (Avoid artificial
sweetened gum, though—some are linked to health issues.) One study found that chewing gum boosts
blood flow to the brain by up to 40 percent, helping you stay calm and in the present. This prevents
you from pondering over some aggravating office event.
You don need to be a monk to enjoy the benefits of meditation. In fact, more and more Western
integrative medicine practitioners are using it as a nontoxic health improver.（分数：12.50）
(1).According to the passage, which of the following can probably lead to womens work-related
strain?（分数：2.50）
are not creative enough in their work.

could not afford to lose their job.
have no say in decision-making. √
are underpaid compared with men.
解析：[解析] 根据work- related strain定位到第2段。由题干中的lead to可知本题要求查找因果关系。该段第2
句such as后列举了哪些方面会给女性造成工作压力，C与such as后的haying...no authority
over decisions同义，都是“没有决定权”的意思，故C为本题 答案。A最具干扰性，文中提到了女性unable
to contribute creativity and skills.这表明她们感到有压力是由于她们的创造力和技能没有发挥的机 会，由此可见
A“她们在工作上的创造力不足”理解错误。
(2).The word zapping (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：2.50）
ing √
ying
ting
ating
解析：[解析] 第4段第2句指出After practicing it..., participants reported reduced stress，而此处的it指
的就是IBMT这种训练法。据此可推断上一句中的stress- zapping properties应该是指“缓解压力的工具”的意思，
故zapping应为“ 缓解”的意思，因此本题应选A。
(3).Meditation benefits our heart by ______.（分数：2.50）
ng blood flow in the brain
sing stress hormone levels
g blood flow in the brain
ng stress hormone levels √
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的meditation，benefit，hea rt等定位到第5段。该段的非限制性定语从句表明主句的内容
就是冥想能改善心脏健康状况的原因，D 与文中的drop in stress hormone levels同义，故D为本题答案。
(4).The author most probably agrees that artificial sweetened gum ______.（分数：2.50）
not effective in reducing stress
cause some health problems √
be avoided although it is healthful
harmful for ones health due to its sugar containing
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的artificial sweetened gum定位到第6段第2句，括号里面的some are linked
to health issues表明嚼人造加糖口香糖会引起健康问题，B与此内容最为相近，故为 本题答案。在原句中，though用
于指示reach for a piece of gum和Avoid artificial sweetened gum之间的转折关系，不表示括号内破折后前后内
容形成转折，故C有悖于原义；D中的due to its sugar containing属于无中生有。
(5).Whats the function of the last four paragraphs in the passage?（分数：2.50）
illustrate a problem with examples.
provide tips for solving a problem. √
indicate the results of a problem.
reveal the causes of a problem.
解析：[解析] 仔细阅读最后四段，可发现作者提到了两种缓解压力的方法：冥想和嚼口香糖。也就是 说，本文前三段
先提出了女性工作压力大会影响健康这个问题，后四段则提供了解决的方法，可见，后四 段的功能可以概括为B。
Patients and doctors have long understood the power of telling and listening to personal narratives.
Whether among patients in peer support groups or between doctors and patients in the exam room
or even between doctors during consultations, stories are an essential part of how we communicate,
interpret experiences and incorporate new information into our lives.
Despite the existence of storytelling in medicine, research on its effects in the clinical setting
has remained relatively thin. While important, a vast majority of studies have been anecdotal,
offering up neither data nor statistics but rather stories to back up the authors claims.

Now The Annals of Internal Medicine
has published the results of a provocative new trial examining
the effects of storytelling on patients with high blood pressure. And it appears that at least
for one group of patients, listening to personal narratives helped control high blood pressure
as effectively as the addition of more medications.
Telling and listening to stories is the way we make sense of our lives, said Dr. Thomas K. Houston,
lead author of the study. That natural tendency may have the potential to alter behavior and
improve health.
Experts in this emerging field of narrative communication say that storytelling effectively
counteracts the initial denial that can arise when a patient learns of a new diagnosis or is asked
to change deeply fixed behaviors. Patients may react to this news by thinking, This is not directly
related to me, or My experience is different. Stories help break down that denial by engaging
the listener, often through some degree of identification with the storyteller or one of the
characters.
The magic of stories lies in the relatedness they foster, Dr. Houston said. Marketers have
known this for a long time, which is why you see so many stories in advertisements.
Dr. Houston is currently involved in several more studies that will examine the broader use of
storytelling in patient care and describe ways in which it can best be integrated. Nonetheless,
he remains certain of one thing: Sharing narratives can be a powerful tool for doctors and patients.
Storytelling is human, Dr. Houston said. We learn through stories, and we use them to make
sense of our lives. Its a natural extension to think that we could use stories to improve our
敨污桴尮（分数：10.00）
(1).Claims in anecdotal studies are supported by ______.（分数：2.50）
evidence
al narratives √
atic data
ific statistics
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的anecdotal studies定位到第2段最后一句。该句中的分词结构offering...说明了这些研
究不靠 data或statistics说话，只依靠stories。根据第1段可知stories就是perso nal
narratives的意思，因此本题应选B。
(2).What does the study led by Dr. Thomas K. Houston focus on?（分数：2.50）
r storytelling really exists in medicine.
we make sense of lives by storytelling.
effects of storytelling in clinical setting. √
ts and doctors attitudes to storytelling.
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的Dr. Thomas K. Houston定位到第4段。虽然题干中的人名在第4段提到，但由这位医生
领头的研究是什么在之前 就有介绍了。第3段第1句中讲到该研究主要是关于“讲故事对高血压病人的效果”，这可以
概括为“讲 故事”的临床效果的研究，由此可见，本题应选C。
(3).According to Para. 5, patients may find that the stories are ______.（分数：2.50）
directly related to them
tely different from their experiences
interesting than diagnoses or doctors advice
r to their experiences in one way or another √
解析：[解析] 第5段最后一句指出了病人对“讲故事”这种方式的态度。该句提到“故事”能让听者 (即病人)放下抗
拒情绪，因为病人或多或少会对讲故事的人或故事中的人物产生认同感，即他们能够产 生共鸣，D与原文的意思最接近，
为本题答案。该段第2句中的news并不指“故事”，而是指第1句 提到的“一个新的诊断”和“被要求改变积习”的消
息，因此A、B不正确；C无原文支持。
(4).Marketers have been aware of the importance of ______.（分数：2.50）
ishing similarities between stories in ads and consumers √
ng adventurous experiences for consumers

g and listening to stories in medicine
g personal narratives between doctors and patients
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的Marketers定位到第6段。查找到该段可知解题关键是Marketers have known
this for a long time中this的所指，在该段中，this指 第1句提到的内容，而第1句中的关键词是relatedness，
即故事与听者的相关性，故事能让 听者产生共鸣。在营销上，即可以理解为要让“消费者在广告故事中找到共鸣”。由
此可见，本题应选A 。B无原文依据；C、D均与Marketers这一主题无关。

四、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：27.50)

Lisa began walking up the steep hill leading from the group of shacks where she lived. She wore
a small, faded green hat with a rim big enough to shade her eyes from the sun. Looking down, she
saw the powdery soil scatter with each of her steps. Every time she stopped, the dust would settle
in a thin mist over her dark, bare feet. She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on
a big rock by the side of the path. Sitting there, she saw her mother come out and stand on the
small porch. She was a big woman—not like Lisa, who was small and thin. Lisa took after her father
who had also been small, or so her mother said. Lisa didn remember her father well enough to
recall what he looked like. He left after Lisas fifth sister was bona.
Lisa looked down again and saw her mother turn in her direction, her hands resting on her hips.