release专业英语四级 57

2021年1月11日发(作者：左琳)

专业英语四级-57

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

lymphoma
(淋巴癌Shortly before he died of ), the great writer and physician Lewis Thomas, whose
books turned science into a way of appreciating the greatness of the world, told me he thought
the true measure of a life was that it be useful. He wondered in those last days if his own life
had been useful, and many thousands of readers assured him that it had. Grow old along with me!
The best is yet to be, cried Robert Brownings Rabbi Ben Ezra. Not always. Poetry replies to
Rabbi Ben with A.E. Housmans To an Athlete Dying Young and comes up with no more startling
a conclusion than that a life is what one makes of it.

prerequisite
(先决条件Celebrity is hardly a ). Kennedys life would have been just as valuable
had he been, to use another poets phrase, a mute, inglorious Milton. A beloved colleague at

TIME
died recently who was unknown to most of the world, except the friends she cherished. The
measure of a life is often taken in the smallest units. On television, a parking attendant in
the garage that Kennedy used mentioned that Kennedy came over personally to wish the man a merry
Christmas every year. A middle aged African American woman with whom he worked in one of the
programs he supported was in tears at the recollection of continuous small acts of kindness.
The sudden garden that has developed on the front steps of Kennedys loft building began simply

homage
(崇敬with neighbors paying ) to a neighbor. From such fragments of evidence a whole life
is constructed, or reconstructed.

reverberation
(反响When a man dies, a civilization dies with him. Everything dies but the ) of
his works in the lives of others; and so, while an individual civilization dies, the greater one

magnitude
of great force of the life has been We profits. call such deaths tragedies because the
(重要性); yet tragedy from the point of view of the audience is high art, and one is filled with
as much admiration as grief.

epitaph
(墓志铭) Here lies one whose name was writ in water. He believed Keats chose as his

debut
(初次登台) one more without consequence, and that he would viewed that his life would be as
transitory figure among the yearning and striving masses. Kennedy, too, I think, would have had
his name writ in water, thus the appropriateness of his sea burial, because the best public servants
disappear into the world, whose pain they feel. Every name is writ in water, which flows through
us all.（分数：20.00）
(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that Lewis Thomas believes that ______.（分数：4.00）
life is important if it is meaningful for others √
can build meaning into your life if it is long
while alive is the most important thing
ness of one life is hard to measure
解析：[解析] 首段首句末尾表明了Lewis Thomas 对生命的看法，其中useful一词是关键，A中的meaningful表达了
此义，因此为正确答 案。Lewis Thomas并没有讨论生命的长短B或活着应该工作C等问题：D虽然也提到了useful ness，
但Lewis Thomas没有讨论如何measure usefulness。
(2).Which of the following statements is true about Robert Browning?（分数：4.00）
believes that longer life is no good thing.
believes that true life lies in how one makes of it.
is identical with Lewis Thomas, regarding the life issue.
√ is opposite to A.E. Housman, regarding the death issue.
解析：[解析] 首段倒数第2句的Not always连接了上下文两种不同的意见，即表明倒数第3句中Robert
Browning和末句中的A.E. Housman的看法是相反的，因此D为本题答案。首段倒数第3句开头的“Grow old
along with me”表明Browning认为长寿好，由此可否定A；B在首段末句提到，但那是A.E. Housman的看法，并非Browning
的看法；而Lewis Thomas和Browning对生命的看法并没有什么相同之处，因此C也不对。
(3).What idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph?（分数：4.00）
importance of ones life is not related with his reputation or fame. √
and politicians make the same contribution to society.
men are always ready to do small things for people around them.
beloved colleague at Time is as respectable as Kennedy.
解析：[解析] 本题事实上是考查对第2段的 主旨的理解。本段首句就是该段的主题句，其他句子提到的如Kennedy和
《时代周刊》的同事都是 为了支持本段首句的看法，A是对该句的近义解析，因此为本题答案。
(4).By saying The measure of a life is often taken in the smallest units (Para. 2), the author
means that ______.（分数：4.00）
y was most respected by the ordinary people
ys life can be reflected by the small deeds he has done √
y has done many small deeds for the people around him
y devoted his life to serving the people from the lower class
解析：[解析] 原文第2段第4句之后举了几个关于 Kennedy的例子，用以说明该句的观点，表明Kennedy的生命价值
可以从他所做的小事反映 出来，因此本题答案为B。C只概括了第2段第4句的部分内容，没有指出“从小事可以判断
一个人的价 值”这个道理；A和D都只是根据后面的例子总结的表面现象，不能解释考点句子里关键词measure的内涵 。
(5).In the last paragraph, the author cites Keats epitaph to show that ______.（分数：4.00）
poet finally died in the seawater
poets dream of his great popularity came true centuries later
importance of ones life can not be predicted √
life is transitory, so don waste it
解析：[解析] 由末段第2句中的without consequence可 推断Keats认为自己死后会湮没无闻，因此C为本题答案。
末段第2句是对首句墓志铭的解释，因此 结合这两句，可知墓志铭中的writ in water并不是为了指出Keats是被淹死
的，而是 另有深意，因此A不正确；B提到Keats想要大受欢迎，这与末段第2句的without consequence相反；原文
只提到了D中前一个分句的信息，但并未提及后一个分句的信息。

三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Utopia is a perfect place. It is a place without war, hunger, poverty, or crime. It is a place
where the people work together and share. There is no money in Utopia because the people do not
need money. They do not have personal possessions because everything belongs to everyone. All
of the people are equal in Utopia, and the laws are all fair.
Utopia is not a new place. Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, described a perfect society in
his famous dialogue The Republic. In Platos Republic, philosophers were the kings, and every
person had a place in the society. In 1516, Sir Thomas More wrote about an island in the Pacific
Ocean where everything was perfect. He named the island Utopia. In 1872, Samuel Butler wrote
a novel about a perfect country which he named Erehwon: Utopia is a Greek word that means

ot a place and Erehwon is the English word
owhere spelled backwards.
Many people came to the New World to find Utopia. The Shakers, a religious group, wanted to live
like the first Christians. The Shakers started their first community in New York in 1776. George
Rapp, a German farmer, came to the United States in 1804 to start a Utopian community. In 1815,
Rapp and his followers bought land for their community in Harmony, Indiana, and they made the
things they needed with machines. In 1824, they sold the community to Robert Owen, who started
the Utopian community of New Harmony there. In New Harmony, everything belonged to everyone and
Nashoba,
began Wright Francis Then years. two only lasted Harmony New but equal, were women and men
a community where white people and black people could live and work together, near Memphis,
Tennessee. Nashoba lasted from 1825 to 1830. A group of intellectuals founded Brook Farm, a Utopian
fanning community, in 1841. However, they did not have many farming skills, so the farm closed
in 1847. Four years later, Josiah Warren set up Modem Times, an anarchist community near New York
City. It closed in 1857.
Utopia is a perfect place, but it is not a real place. Most
eal Utopias last only a short time.
This is because everyone wants to live in Utopia, but no one knows how to make it work. As a result,
when we say something is Utopian today, we mean that it is a good idea, but it is not realistic.（分数：
20.00）
(1).The first paragraph is mainly about ______.（分数：4.00）
makes utopia √
to build utopia
origin of %utopia
economy of utopia
解析：[解析] 从首段的句式Utopia is..., It is a place where..., It is a place without...可知该段定义了怎
么样的地 方可被称为Utopia，也就是说，该段主要描述了utopia形成的条件，因此A为本题答案。
(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.（分数：4.00）
is a word created by Thomas More
has the same concept as Erehwon √
More named the island Utopia because he was Greek
characteristics of Utopia were first mentioned in The Republic
解析：[解析] 从第2段末句可以知道utopia和Erehwon都具有“非真实存在之地”的意 思，因此B的说法正确，为本
题答案。原文该段第4句虽然提到Thomas More将小说里面的小 岛命名为Utopia，但根据该段末句可以知道，utopia
最早是一个希腊语词，可见Thoma s More并非创造该词的第一人，因此A不正确；文章并无提及Thomas More的国籍，
因 此C的说法没有依据；虽然原文该段首段提到了帕拉图对乌托邦的描述，但这并不足以证明帕拉图是首位描述乌托 邦
的人，因此D也不正确。
(3).What is true about the Shakers?（分数：4.00）
founded the first community in New York.
believed the first Christian community was Utopia. √
had tried to find Utopia only in New York.
had established the first real Utopia in the world.
解析：[解析] 第3段首句表明该段描述的公社都是以乌托邦的形式建立起来的，由此可见，Shak ers建立的公社也是乌
托邦式的，而该段第2句表明Shakers要想最早的基督教徒那样生活，由 此可推断，Shakers首先认为最早的基督教徒
生活在一个乌托邦里，然后他们才会到新大陆去建立 乌托邦公社，因此，B是正确的推断，为本题答案。
(4).Which of the following may be the most appropriate definition of an anarchist community?（分数：4.00）
A.A community whose members believe some kind of religion.
B.A community where people live under much self-control.
C.A community where its members are supposed to be equal. √
D.A community which is economically poor but spiritually rich.
解析：[解析] 第3段提到的所有community都是乌托邦式的社区，由此可见，anarchist communit y也应该是乌托邦式
的，按照对乌托邦的定义来看，只有C中的equal表达了乌托邦的特点，因此C 为本题答案。
(5).All the Utopias mentioned in the third paragraph lasted only a brief time because ______.（分数：4.00）
members didn know how to realize the idea of Utopia √
members were not satisfied with the idea of Utopia
members were not capable enough to build a community

members found that Utopia also had shortcomings
解析：[解析] 最后一段第3句中的this is because...明确表示第3段中提到的乌托邦式社区持续时间短暂是因为他
们不知道乌托 邦“如何”运作，因此A为本题答案。

四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets
were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however,
hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the
Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed,
although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably
in different parts of the country.
British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive
and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely
translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names.
In fact, over fifty per cent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different
kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson
may belong to this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient
village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means he son of Simon, as might be expected.
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognisable after a
little thought: Archer, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of
others are more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialisation in medieval
arts, crafts and functions. Such are Day, (Old English for breadmaker) and Walker (a fuller
whose job it was to clean and thicken newly made cloth).
All these vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names
often lack. Some, it is true, like Long, Short or Little, are simple. They may be taken
quite literally. Others require more thinking: their meanings are slightly different from the
modern ones. Black and White implied dark and fair respectively. Sharp meant genuinely
discerning, alert, acute rather than quick- witted or clever.
Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that
has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they
may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive with relatively little
change from old-English times are Milton (middle enclosure) and Hilton(enclosure on a hill).（分数：20.00）
(1).Surnames are said to be ______ in Anglo-Saxon England.（分数：5.00）

onal
l √
ptive
解析：[解析] 根据Anglo-Saxon可定位考点在第1段。该段第1句说Anglo-Saxon时代的英国人通常只有 一个名字，
而第4句说“他们几乎没有姓”，因此可以判断C是答案。A(普遍的)、B(职业的)和D (描述的)均不符合题意。
(2).We learn from the first paragraph that ______ for many years after the 13th and 14th centuries.（分
数：5.00）
names became descriptive and occupational
in some areas still had no surnames √
people kept changing their surnames
family names became fixed in England
解析：[解析] 第1段最后一句说，到了13、14世纪，姓 氏开始稳定下来了，但此后很多年，姓氏的稳定程度在不同的
地区还是有很大的不同。这句话并不表示人 们在不断更换姓氏，而是说有些地区的人们有稳 为正确选项。B定的姓氏，
而有些地区的人们没有姓氏。故．
(3).Patronymic in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to