词典大学英语四级分类模拟题478

2021年1月11日发(作者：冉泽)

大学英语四级分类模拟题478

(总分：210.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)

ions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture
below. You should start your essay with a brief account of how parents raise their children and
then explain whether it is good to make children the centre of the universe. You should write
at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.





（分数：106.50）
____________ __________________________________________________ ____________________________
正确答案：()
解析：
The Impact of Parents Raising Style on Children

Nowadays, with the improvement of living standard, parents pay more attention to raising their
children. Some learn to appreciate their children by using encouraging words or actions. Some
employ punishment. And also, there are some parents who spoil their children and make them the
centre of their family, and even the centre of the universe.
As is known to all, it is harmful to spoil children and to instill them the concept that they
are the centre of the universe. Firstly, it may make children become selfish and tend to take
their parents generosity for granted. Secondly, this kind of child-raising style may turn
children into spendthrifts and make them lack consideration about others. Thirdly, it can not
only loosen parents authority to set limits so that children may go too far in the future, but
also break the parent-child relationship.
In conclusion, its not a good style to teach children to be much too self- centred. With their
love and actions, parents can instill gratitude and humility to the youthful hearts and make them
blossom beautifully. [解析] 这是一篇图画类作文。如今，更多的家长愿意腾出时间来养育孩子，而家长们的教养方
式也不 尽相同：或借鉴他方，施行赏识教育；或依旧信奉“棍棒教育”的威严；或溺爱甚深，把孩子当成家里的宝，甚< br>至是当成寰宇中心。本文从这一社会现象出发，引发考生对这一问题的思考。directions已经向 考生指出了行文方向：
先描述父母教养方式，然后分析自我中心的好坏，最后总结全文。这篇文章主要是 看懂漫画：老师在讲解太阳系的构成，
而孩子给出的回应却是，若无反例，他会一直认为自己就是宇宙的 中心(the centre of the universe)。童言无忌，却
道出了真相：这显然 是个被惯坏了的以自我为中心的孩子。看懂漫画，题目也就容易入手了。注意：切忌将主题理解成
个人主 义(individualism)。
第一段：引出主题，通过排比句指出几种教养方式。
第二段：论述溺爱及让孩子自以为是宇宙的中心这一观念的危害(1．使孩子自私，把父母的慷慨当成理 所当然；2．可
能会使孩子挥霍无度，毫不体贴他人；3．使父母丧失权威，无法阻止孩子做得过火，破 坏亲子关系)。
第三段：总结上文论述，并提出建议，升华主题——凭借爱与行动，向幼小的心灵 注入感恩和谦恭，让它们美丽绽放。

二、Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
三、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：12.50)

Whats Wrong with Science?．

Direct criticism is an essential part of science, for it is how bad ideas are removed from good
ones. So when Randy Schekman, one of the 2013 crop of Nobel prize- winners (for physiology or
medicine, in his case), decided to criticize the way scientific journals are run, he did not hold
back.
Dr Schekman chose the week of the prize giving to announce that the laboratory he runs at the
University of California, Berkeley, will resist what he describes as luxury journals. By that

Cell, Nature and Science
. he meant those commonly regarded as the most famous, such as
He levels two charges against such journals. The first is that, aware of their reputation and
keen to protect it, they artificially restrict the number of papers they accept—acting, as he

Guardian
, a British newspaper, like with the
ashion designers who create put it in an interview
limited-edition handbags or suits... know[ing] scarcity stimulates demand. Their behavior, he
says, is more helpful for the selling of subscriptions than the publishing of the best research.
Second, he argues that science as a whole is being distorted (歪曲) by wrong motivations,

impact factor
, a number that aims to measure how especially the tyranny (暴虐) of the important
a given journal is. Researchers who publish in journals with a high impact factor—like the three
named above—can expect promotion, pay rises and professional honors. Those that do not can expect
obscurity (默默无闻) or even unemployment, a Darwinian system known among academics as publish
or perish.
Dr Schekman may not be the most disinterested commentator. Besides his job at Berkeley, he also

eLife
, an open- access journal with ambitions to compete with the top dogs, and which is edits
supported by a trio of wealthy science charities. Many worry that the pressure to publish flashy
research in famous journals encourages hype and faddishness. Jobbing scientists can be reluctant
to speak up, fearful of the damage they might do to their careers by rocking the boat. But one
of the many advantages of being a Nobel winner is that you no longer have to worry about such
things.（分数：12.50）
(1).Why is direct criticism so important in science?（分数：2.50）
e it can clear up bad ideas. √
e it may contain inspiration.
e it can help scientists win prizes.
e it can motivate scientists to be good.
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的direct c riticism和important定位到原文第一段第一句。该句提到，直率的批评对科学
来说十 分重要，正因为有了直率的批评，那些不当的想法才得以从好点子中淘汰出去。选项A意为批评能够清除坏点子，
符合原文，故选A。
(2).Why do the luxury journals limit the number of papers they accept?（分数：2.50）
e they want to publish the best research.
e they have limited space for the papers.
e they do not want to waste their time.
e theyd like to protect their reputation. √
解析：[解析] 根据题干中的limit the number of papers定位到原文第 三段第二句。题干中的limit与原文中的restrict
同义。该句提到了谢克曼博士对上文提到 的奢侈期刊的一项指控，即：这些期刊很清楚其声望，为了保持这种杰出的声
望，他们人为地限制他们所 接受的投稿的数量。故选D。

impact factor
(Line 2, Para. 4) refer to?（分数：2.50(3).What does ）
A.A number that measures the importance of one journal. √
B.A number that measures how well one journal sells.
C.A number that measures how much science has been distorted.
D.A number that measures the influence of society on one journal.

解析：[解析] 根据题干中的impact factor定位到原文第四段。该段第一句就提到了这个概念，“impact
factor”后 面的内容是对其进一步的解释说明，意为这个数字用来表示衡量某一本期刊有多重要。由此可知，“impact
factor”是一个衡量某本期刊重要性的数字。故选A。
(4).Which may happen if a researcher doesn
promoted.
honors.
publish in important journals?（分数：2.50）