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bill专业英语四级阅读 试卷156

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2021-01-11 02:41
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2021年1月11日发(作者:白英辉)

专业英语四级(阅读)-试卷156

(总分:30.00,做题时间:90分钟)

一、 READING COMPREHENSION(总题数:11,分数:30.00)

V READING COMPREHENSION
_______________________________ __________________________________________________ _________
解析:
N AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple- choice questions.
For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the
one that you think is the best answer.
________________________________ __________________________________________________ ________
解析:
Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and
taxes. Americans do not have a corner on the death market, but many people feel that the United
States leads the world with the most taxes. Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support
their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal,
state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes. Salaried people who earn more than
a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percen-tage of their salaries to the federal government.
The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government
has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax(14 to 70 percent)increases as a
person's income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15,
when the federal taxes are due. The second tax is for the state government; New York, California,
North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to
that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states
have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example,
a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax
of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure
includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues.
The state tax laws are diverse and confusing. The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in
two forms: property tax(people who own a home have to pay taxes on it)and excise tax, which is
charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments,
public works and municipal buildings. Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that
they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes.
They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that
it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views
on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject; taxes are too high.(分数:6.00)
(1).What does the sentence Americans do not have a corner on the ' death' market in Paragraph
1 mean?(分数:2.00)
ans cannot monopolize the death market. √
ans do not have a secret place to keep from death in their life.
ans are not good at doing business in the death market.
is no such a place as a death market in the U. S.
解析:
(2).Which of the following is CORRECT about the percentage of the federal tax and the state tax?(分数:
2.00)
have the same percentage.
percentage of the state tax is higher than that of the federal tax.
√ percentage of the federal tax is higher than that of the state tax.
is not mentioned in the passage.
解析:
(3).Which of the following usages of the taxes is NOT mentioned in the passage?(分数:2.00)
raising their revenues.
public works and municipal buildings.
police and fire departments.
sustaining development. √
解析:
According to the American College Health Association's most recent annual national survey, 30
percent of college students reported feeling so depressed that it was difficult to function
at some time over the past year. Nearly three fourths of respondents in a 2011 National Alliance
on Mental Illness study of college students diagnosed with mental health conditions said they
experienced a mental health crisis while in school. The Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)and
other federal disability laws prohibit discrimination against students whose psychiatric(精神病
的)disabilities substantially limit a major life activity and mandates that colleges and
湵癩牥楳楴獥瀠潲楶敤琠敨?楷桴尠敲獡湯扡敬愠捣浯潭慤楴湯屳—such as lower course loads and
extended deadlines. Despite that very clearly stated law, dozens of current students across the
country told Newsweek they were punished for seeking help: kicked out of campus housing with
nowhere else to go, abruptly forced to withdraw from school and even involuntarily committed to
psychiatric wards. Colleges are very accustomed to accommodating learning and physical
disabilities, but they don't understand simple ways of accommodating mental health disabilities,
says Professor Peter Lake, an expert on higher education law and policy who sees widespread
fear and reluctance across the board to promote diversity that encompasses mental disabilities
and mood disorders. Lake often tells skeptics about a man who suffered from clinical depression
and constantly talked about suicide: His name was Abraham Lincoln. We don't want to remove these
people, Lake says. We want to expand the definition of diversity to make sure they're included.
Most lifetime cases of mental health conditions begin by the age of 24, and thanks to a variety
of factors, including rising antidepressant(抗抑郁药)prescription rates and stigma reduction
efforts, college students are more and more likely to ask campus counselors for assistance. The
number of students seeking counseling for severe psychological problems jumped from 16 percent
in 2000 to 39 percent in 2012; the percentage of students who report suicidal thoughts has risen
along with it. Schools should encourage students to seek treatment. But a lot of policies I see
involve excessive use of discipline and involuntary leaves of absence, and they discourage
students from asking for the help they need, says Karen Bower, a private attorney who specializes
in disability discrimination cases in higher education. Ultimately, that makes the campus less
safe. Two large-scale studies found that around 10 percent of college student respondents had
thought about suicide in the past year, but only 1. 5 percent admitted to having made a suicide
attempt. Combined with data from other studies, that suggests that the odds that a student with
suicidal thoughts will actually commit suicide are 1 , 000 to 1. Thus, policies that impose
restrictions on students who manifest suicidal thought will sweep in 999 students who would not
commit suicide for every student who will end his or her life, Paul S. Appelbaum writes in Law
& Psychiatry: Depressed? Get Out! Colleges don't want people who are suicidal around, so what's
supposed to happen to them? says Ira Burnim, legal director of the DC Bazelon Center for Mental
Health Law. We're going to lock them in a bomb shelter? Kicking students off campus for mental
health issues typically does more harm than good by isolating them from their support systems
when what they really need is stability and empathy, he says. Moreover, it's often a completely
unnecessary overreaction.(分数:6.00)
(1).Students with mental disabilities might be punished in the following ways EXCEPT______. )2.00(分数:
g out of campus dorms
ng out of schools
g in psychiatric wards
ging academic years √
解析:
(2).Increasing college students turn to professional counselors for help because______.(分数:2.00)
efforts have been made to weaken the feeling of disgrace √
is encouraged to decrease the dose of medicine
is more economical for students without income
health conditions become more severe than before
解析:解析:细节题。根据第三段第一句可知, 多亏一些因素,包括抗抑郁处方受众率的提高及减少歧视的努力,大学
生越来越愿意向咨询师寻求帮助, 故选[A],同时排除[B]。[C]和[D]均未提及,故可排除。
(3).According to Paragraph 5, it can be concluded that______.(分数:2.00)
e should be taken as the most serious issue
B.10% of the students have made a suicide attempt
of the students with suicidal thought will never do it √
s should impose severe restrictions on the suicide issue
解析:解析:推理题。第五段第二句提到,与其他的研究数据结合起来看,这一差距说明 ,在有过自杀想法的人中,只
有千分之一的人最终自杀了,故选[C]。[A]在文中并未提及,故排除 ;根据第五段第一句可知,有大约10%的大学生受
访者曾想过自杀,同时,仅有1.5%的人坦然承认 曾有过自杀的尝试,故排除[B];[D]在文中并未提及,故排除。
Conservative commentator Charles Krauthammer's new book is flying off the shelves—and nobody
knows exactly why. Sitting atop the New York Times nonfiction bestseller list for two months now,
the conservative Washington Post columnist's Things That Matter: Three Decades of Passions,
Pastimes and Politics, a collection of his writings, is not the kind of fiery, rash conservative
commentary that generally climbs to the top of the bestsellers' lists. And yet, the collection
has sold enough to make publicists and pundits(时事评论员,)alike scratch their heads. It is,
as conservative publisher Adam Bellow told Newsweek, a phenomenon. Published October 22 by Crown
Forum, a Random House imprint that specializes in conservative authors, it first hit the Times
bestseller list in November. Within two weeks, it had surpassed the latest works of conservatives
Glenn Beck and Fox News's Bill O'Reilly and Brian Kilmeade to climb to No. 1. And there it remains.
It ranks No. 8 on Amazon's list of best-selling books of 2013. According Nielsen, the book has
sold 601, 000 hardcover copies in the United States alone. Crown says Things That Matter is in
its 18th printing, with 970, 000 copies in print. Was I surprised? I was surprised, said Bellow,
who runs HarperCollins's conservative imprint Broadside Books. The collective wisdom in

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