130是什么意思同位语结构

2021年1月11日发(作者：钟元辉)
复杂长难句:同位语结构
一、什么叫同位语
同位语的定义：由两个或两个以上同一 层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相
同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语。如：
Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求
采访。
Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。
Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university.
玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。
以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的 基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于
身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊 ，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如
下，希望引起同学们的注意。
二、特殊同位语归纳
1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语
Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?
They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队

She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
2. 不定式用作同位语
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start
the general attack与the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他
照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)
3. -ing分词用作同位语
He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a t
rack与a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(i
roning shirts与a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(a
ttacking at night与the first plan同位)
4. 形容词用作同位语
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易
会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今
中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到
街头观看游行。
【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语
We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。
We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。
They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得
她的信任。
【注】注意，同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：
学生每人都有一本词典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
误：The students each has a dictionary.
请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语)：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.