scott怎么读定语从句和同位语从句的区别

2021年1月11日发(作者：任氏)
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句是高中英语教学内容的重点，也是英语阅 读中的难点，它们相似的位置，使许
多学生往往混淆，阻碍了对文章的理解。那么，如何正确地区分定语 从句与同位语从句呢？
一、 从意义上讲，定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名 词或代词的；同位语从
句的作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如：
1． We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。（定语从句）
2． We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 （同位语从句）
二、从 引导词的句法功能上讲，定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语
等；而同位 语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如：
1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状 语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引
导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：
1. The news (that) she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
3. The reason why (= for which) he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关 系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主
+系+表”结构来表示，即添加法。而定语从句所修饰的 名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状
语。例如： The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
(上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是: The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句.)
The reason (that )he explained is true.
五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词 ，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象
名词同位，(如：idea，plan， fact，t heory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，su ggestion，
question， thought，belief，conclusion)，一般没有复数形式。例如：
1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。（possibilities是定语从句
的先行词，可用复数 形式）
2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心，她女
儿有可能不喜欢上学。（possibility是抽象名词， 后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式）
六、由when, why, where引导的定语从 句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位
语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同 位。例如：
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。
2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。
4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。
例1、3中的when和 where引导的是定语从句，day 和house分别表示时间和地点；例2、4中的when
和 where引导的是同位语从句。









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练习题（一）
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The news ____ he was kidnapped（绑架） surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
3.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./
4. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
5. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
6. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
7. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考)
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
8. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ______ she used to be.
A. that B. whom C. what D. who
9. Lily has some idea ______ she’s going to be when she grows up.
A. what B. that C. as D. which
10. The reason why I plan to go is _______ if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment D. for she will be disappointed
11. That is _______ I was born and grew up.
A. there B. in which C. where D. the place
12. One of the men present held the view _______ the book said was fight.
A. what that B. what C. that D. that what
13. His ability has never been in doubt ― the question is ______ he is prepared to work hard.
A. whether B. if C. that D. where
14. They have no idea at all ＿＿＿＿．(MET 87)
A． where he has gone B． where did he go C. which place he has gone D． where has he gone
15. Is this the reason ＿＿＿ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(上海2002)
A． he explained B． what he explained C． how he explained D． why he explained




练习题（一）答案
1—5 ABABD 6—10 CBCAB 11—15 CDAAA
10. the reason后面的表语从句中应用that而不是because引导。正确答案是B。)
11. C。where引导表语从句，B项不能引导表语从句，其他选项意思与题干不符。
12．D。that引导同位语从句：what the book said是同位语从句中的主语。正确答案是D
13．A。考查以whether引导的名词性从句 在句中作表语。意为：“他的能力毋庸置疑——问题是他是否准
备努力工作。”故正确答案是A。


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