peeloff定语从句、强调句和同位语从句

2021年1月11日发(作者：晏殊)
定语从句、同位语从句与强调句
一、定语从句
1、定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一 个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定
语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系 代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,
whom, whose, that, which；关系副词有：when, where, why。
2、非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”：
（1）非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
（2）非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。
例：I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
（3）由―介词+关系代词‖时，关系代词不能用as。
（4）指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。
3、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、
no、all、one of等修饰时。
（2 ）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anythi ng等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
例：He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
例：The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
例：Which are the books that you bought for me ?
4、几个特殊的定语从句句型：
（1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.
（句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.
（句中students为先行词）
（2）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?
（3）He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
（4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
5、定语从句的做题方法：
（1）找出主句，确定先行词；
（2）找出从句，判断从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)——否，用关系代词；
是，用关系副词。
二、同位语从句
1、同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导.
例：The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2、同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
三、强调句
1、强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语
等) + that/who +句子的其余部分。