选料网各类从句

2021年1月11日发(作者：周卓茹)
各类从句的构成及其用法
所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从属
连词连接。由主句 和从句构成的复合句，是
英语中比较复杂的句子结构。从句的种类有
很多，但根据其性质和作用 可以分为：名词
性从句，形容词性从句（即定语从句），副
词性从句（即状语从句）三大类。从 句构成
与用法的考查要点很多，历来是学位英语考
试试题的热点与焦点。学位英语试题中，常< br>将并列连接词、从属连词、关系代词、关系
副词放在同一题干中进行考查，故意设置干
扰 项，增加试题难度。
1．名词性从句：即从句在整个句中起名词
作用，分别可以作主语、宾语 、表语、同位
语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从
句、表语从句和同位语从句。
考点一：主语从句：主要考查主语从句的引
导词；主句的谓语动词，一般用单数。
1）It is well-known that the earth moves
around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太
阳转。（说明：由连词that引导 的主语
从句，在大多数情况下用代词it作形式
主语。）
2）Whether we will hold a party in the open
air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我
们明天是否在户外开晚会要视天气而
定 。（此时不能用if引导主语从句，只
能用whether。）

3）When the sports meet will be held is
not decided. 何时举行运动会还没有决定。

4）Which car you will choose to buy
makes no difference.
你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区
别。

考点二：宾语从句：主要考查宾语从句if与
whether的用法区别：
1）whether和if常与or not连用，whether
和or not 既可合起来使用，也可分开使用；
if和or not只能分开使用。如：
He asked whether(if)they would come
or not.他问他们是否该来。
I don't know whether or not they will
come.我不知道他们来不来。
考点三：表语从句：
1） The question is whether the book is worth
reading at all.（问题是这本书是否值得一
读。）
2）That is why we don't like it.

考点四：同位语从句（考查重点）
同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词
+that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that
在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词
有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise,
rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语
从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。如：
1）We heard the news that he had won the
game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 试比
较：
2）We heard the news (that/which) he had
told her. 我们听说了他告诉她的那个消息。
（宾语从句）
例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容
词，其作用是修饰the news；例1中的that
从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news
的进一步说明。
再比较下列两组句子：
3) He was late again, and the boss didn’t
believe the reason that he was delayed by
a traffic jam.
4) This is the reason why I was late.
5) The secretary told his boss the message
(that/which) the customer left.
6) Tom asked me to tell you a message that
he would invite you to his party.
有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句
子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与
要说明的名词分开。例如：Word came that he
died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。

2．形容词性从句（即定语从句）（考查重
点）
定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行 词
（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从
句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在历
年学位英语试题中，相对集中地考查了非限
制性定 语从句、关系代词和关系副词的选
用、定语从句中的一致关系以及介词+关系
代词等知识点。

3．副词性从句（状语从句）
引导状语从句的关联词是一些从属连词。
状 语从句根据其用途可以分为时间状语从
句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状
语从句、比较 状语从句、目的状语从句、条
件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句
九种。状语从句的关键 是要掌握引导不同状
语从句的常用连接词和特殊连接词。现分别
列举如下：
1）时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as,
before, after, since , till, until, by the time
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the
instant, immediately, directly, (as soon as) no
sooner … than…, hardly/ scarcely…when
A good storyteller must be able to hold
his listeners' curiosity until he/she reaches the
end of the story．

一个善于讲故事的人必须能够自始至
终抓住听众的好奇心。
I gave her the money you owed her the
moment I saw her．

我一见到她就把你欠她的钱给她。
The machine will start the moment (directly)
the button was pressed.

No sooner had I arrived home than it began
to rain.

我一到家就开始下雨了。

Hardly had I left home when he came.

By the time he arrived, the train had already
gone.
By the time he comes, we will already have
left.

2）地点状语从句
常用来引导地点状语从句的关联词有
where，wherever等。
The famous scientist grew up where he was
born and in 1940 he came to Shanghai． 那位
著名的科学家在出生地长大，于1940年来
到上海。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不
管我在哪里我都会想到你。

3）原因状语从句
常用来引导原因状语从句的关联词有
because，as，since, for等。
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that,
considering that
The Italian boy was regarded as a hero
because he gave his life for his country．


那位意大利男孩被看作是英雄，因为他为
祖国献出了生命。

Now that you've got a chance，you might as
well make full use of it．

既然你有机会，你最好充分利用它。

The ship changed its course because there was
a storm.
The ship changed its course because of the
storm.

Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.

Since you are ill, you’d better go to see
the doctor.

Seeing that you do not understand, I will
explain again.
As she was late for class, she had to say
sorry.
As Jane was the oldest in this family,
she had to look after the others.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.

4）目的状语从句
常用来引导目的状语从句的关联词有
that，so that，in order that，in case, lest等。