特物资美式英语发音S和Z

2021年1月11日发(作者：邹仪新)
Session Two
1. Voicing
2. Consonant pairs
3. Consonant S
4. Consonant Z Voicing

Hi, welcome back. Again my name is Paul Gruber and this is the
Pronunciation Workshops---Second Session. I hope things have been going
well since we last met. I would like to just mention again there are
literarily hundreds of languages around the world and every language has
its own set of characteristics. What I’ve done in this program is to address
the most significant pronunciation errors made by most foreign speakers
that you may find that not every lesson pertains to you individually
pronunciation problem. If that’s the case, well, that’s great cause you’ll get
less to work on. But I hate you to miss out anything important. Therefore, I
still do recommend that you watch all of the sessions in chronological
order from the first session to the last session to get the most out of this
program and latter on if you feel you need more practice, review the
sessions which you feel may need more attention.
Ok. Let’s get started with today’s session. In this video, we’re going to
talk about Voicing. We’ll also talk about Consonant Pairs and what they
are and then we’ll cover S sounds and Z sounds. Ok, here we go.
Voicing. You’re going to hear me say this word a lot and you need to
understand what it is what I’m talking about. All speech sounds, all of them
are either voiced or unvoiced. Now, what did that mean? Well, first, let’s
take a look at this video. It may look a little bit disgusting. Do you have
any idea what it is? It’s look like something that is opening and closing. I’ll
give you a hint. You’ve got pair of these and you use them when you speak.
Any idea? Those were vocal chords. Vocal chords are those tiny muscles

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that are right here when your throat that vibrates quickly and create sound
and that sound is your voice that you can easily make you vocal chords
vibrate by just saying AH. That’s it. That’s voicing. Voicing is when your
vocal chords are vibrating, producing a sound, and you can feel the
vibrations if you put your hand right here on your throat. Do this with me.
Put your hand on your throat and now let’s loud say AH. Do you feel the
vibration? Those your vocal chords vibrating. Now all vowel sounds are
voiced A, Oh, OO, AE, EE. You can not produce a vowel sound without
voicing it. Nothing would come out. You see? You need voicing. AH. So all
vowels are voiced. Now, consonants are completely different story. Some
consonants are voiced and some consonants are not voiced. And many
consonants are what we call paired. So, let’s talk about Paired Consonants.
Let’s look at the sound. The letter P makes /p//p//p/-- that’s the sound of the
letter P. Are your vocal chords vibrating when you’re saying the
sound?/p//p//p/.You feeling vibrations in your throat? No, your vocal
chords now are not producing a sound so therefore the P sound is what we
call unvoiced because there is no voicing. And this is the sign that I’m
going to make when there’s no voicing.
So now let’s look at the same sound the P sound /p//p//p/. But this
time we’ll add voicing by vibrating our vocal chords. Now we won’t
change the thing with our mouth. We’ll keep that the same, we’ll just add
voicing. So what happens to the P sound /p//p/---/b//b/. It becomes a B
sound. Watch again. P—no voicing, /p//p//p/. /b/--B, voicing. /p/--/b/. You
see that everything here stays the same. The only differences my vocal
chords are either vibrating or they’re not vibrating. So we say the P sound
and the B sound are Paired Consonants. They’re produced exactly the
same way here in your mouth, but the P sound has no voicing and the B
sound /b//b/ does have voicing. Ok. Having said that, let’s look at another
set of consonants. How about the letter T. What sound does that make?

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/t//t//t/. Is that voiced or unvoiced? /t//t//t/--It’s unvoiced. Your vocal chords
are not vibrating. /t//t/. Now don’t change the thing with your mouth. Just
take the same sound and add voicing. What does that T sound become?
/t//t/---/d//d//d//d/---becomes a D sound. So we say that the T sound /t/ and
the D sound /d/ are also Paired Consonants.
Ok. Now let’s look at the F sound /f/. We’re biting down on your
lower lip---/f/. Is that a voiced sound or unvoiced sound? /f/---it’s unvoiced.
Your vocal chords are not vibrating. /f/. Now same sound but this time we
add voicing. /f/---/v/. V. It becomes a V/v/. You see that? F/f/---no voicing.
V---voicing./v/. So the F and V are also Paired Consonants.
There are many more consonants that are paired and we’ll get to
those at another time. But for now, I’m going to mention just one more. The
S consonant, made with the air going through your front teeth. /s/. Any
voicing going on with the sound /s/. No, the S sound is unvoiced./s/. What
would be if you didn’t change the thing? You just add voicing. What would
the S sound become? /s/---/z/. It will become a Z sound/z/. So S has no
voicing /s/, Z has voicing/z/. So we say the S sound and Z sound are also
Paired Consonants. And this brings us to what I would like to cover
today---S sounds/s/, Z sounds /z/and how they work in terms of word
endings. I find that most people who learn English as a second language
do not use the proper voicing on /s/ and /z/ endings. So what happens is it
can cause your speech to sound unclear and sometimes may cause you to
be misunderstood. I’m going to show you three easy rules that will help
you pronounce many of these words correctly.
This first rule is easy and this one I know you probably do already.
Rule 1: If the last sound in a word is unvoiced, and you’re adding an S,
well, then the S remains unvoiced, too. Let me explain that. Take the word
Cup. Cup. It ends with the unvoiced P /p//p/Cup /p//p/or then if you add an
S to the word Cup to make a plural. The S you add also remains unvoiced.

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So, for example, you have one cup or two cups. There’s no voicing at the
end of that word. The S remains unvoiced. One cup. Two cups. That’s easy.
You already do this. I’ll show you another word Cat. Cat ends with the
unvoiced T/t//t/. One cat. Two cats. Again the S ending is unvoiced. Cats.
This also goes for verbs like in the verb Break. I Break. Break ends with the
unvoiced K sound/k//k/. There’s no voicing on that K. So when you put the
word in the third person. He Breaks. The S you add also remains unvoiced.
He breaks.
I stop(ends with the unvoiced P /p/). I stop. He stops./s/---unvoiced S.
Stops. Now as I said you already follow this rule and there really isn’t
anything you don’t know.
But on rule No.2, now this one you probably do not do, So pay
close attention to this rule. When adding an S to a word to make a plural. If
a word ends with any of these sounds S Z SH CH or DG(J) as in Judge.
Don’t worry. You really don’t need to memorize this. It will become
automatic. When you add an S ending, this time, we always add the ending
IZZZZZ with the voiced Z. It doesn’t matter that it’s spelled with an S. It’s
never S, unvoiced, never. It’s always IZZZZZ with voiced Z. Ok. Do this
with me. Put your hand on your throat, cause I want you to feel the
vibration in your neck and say IZZZZZ. Feel that right here IZZZZZ. Ok,
so let’s look at the word Page, for example, which ends in a voiced sound.
One Page becomes Two Page with that voiced Z. Two Pages. It’s not Two
Pages/s/, unvoiced, no. It’s Two Pages /z/ with the voiced Z. Even though
you spell the word like this, in American English you pronounce the word
like this PAGEZZ. You’re probably saying I never knew that. See what
you’re learning from me. Ok, let’s look at another word in the word BUS,
for example, BUS ends with an S sound /s/. BUS. So if you make a plural,
you’re going to add the ending IZZZZZ with the voiced Z. So we’ve got
One Bus or Two Buses. Buses. Two Buses. The last sound you hear is that

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