垃圾篓2016考研英语二真题和答案解析[word打印版]

2021年1月12日发(作者：柳玉芳)
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2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C
or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at
— a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they
fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.
It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — because
there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't
know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 :
approach me.
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection,
or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as we'll be 7 .
We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely
to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To
avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. become our security blanket,Wortmann
says.
11 .”
But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it
doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and
Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago
train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other
people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,
the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,
New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after
they 17 with the experiment,
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans
communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social
connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
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9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed
at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,
while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed
to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have
lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.
In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report
being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both
those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work
outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re
at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men,
the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to
leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing
catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front
lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising
that women are more stressed at home.
But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed
to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an
income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and
employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which
the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks
to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues- your
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family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re
teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your
family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks
apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers
[C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers
blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____
[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D] they are both bread winners and housewives
word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____
[A] skills [B] energy [C] earnings [D] nutrition
home front differs from the workplace in that_____
[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

Text 2
For years, studies have found that first- generation college students- those who do not
have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement
factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students
are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and
universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox”
in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means
that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab
achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper
forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to
this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost
program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades)
between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based
on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private
university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college
degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,
a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6
percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.
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Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based
on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in
practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They
cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed
to close the achievement gap.
Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of
higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,”
they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class
advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and
universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational
experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do
not understand how students’ like them can improve.
26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______
[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students
27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______
[A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless
[C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their finding appeal to students
28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______
[A] study at private universities [B] are from single- parent families
[C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their collage
29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

Text 3
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much
more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business
School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted
back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like
journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives,
but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very
“team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated
corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea
that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots
of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is
their team and they want to win.”
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