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宾语从句
主讲教师：易波
中考考点
连接词的选择
宾语从句的语序宾语从句的时态
英语教师
宾从的连接词
that 无意义，无成分，可省
if, whether 是否（句尾有or not用whether）
所有的特殊疑问词：what，which，who，whom，
when，where，how，w hy 等。
I don’t know if he will come on time．
I’m happy (that) I have passed the exam．< br>宾语从句的语序
宾语从句必须是述语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
解题技巧：
淘汰疑问语序：be/ 助/ 情+主语
He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon．
Can you tell me how old you are.
宾语从句的语序
注意：有些问句，疑问词就是句子的主语，所以问句本身就 是述语序，
需发生变化。
What is happening over there?
→Do you know what is happening over there?
What’s wrong with you?
→I wonder what’s wrong with you.
What is the matter?
在变成宾从时 语序无
宾语从句的时态
当主句中谓语是现在时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可按需要 使用任何时态。
I hear he’ll be back in a few days.
I hear he came back a few days ago.
--Can you guess if they will come to play basketball with us?
--I think they’ll come if they are free.
宾语从句的时态
当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时 态
去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时
She said she was reading a story book at seven yesterday ．
She said they had seen this film several times．
She said she would come to see me, if she had time tomorrow.
注意：
当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理
在时。
They said that the earth is round．
(事实)时，宾语从旬的时态用一般现
(如：一般过去时、过
)，以便保持与主旬谓语动词时态的一致。
The teacher told me that the moon moves around the earth.
无敌小口诀
主现从随便；
主过从必过；（一过，过进，过将，过完）真 理永不变。
定语从句(上)
主讲教师：易波市英语教师
定义：在复合句中，修饰主句 中的某一名词或代词的句子（从句）叫定语从句。
A doctor is a person
先行词
who
关系代词
looks after
谓语
the sick people
宾语
’s health.
（ 定语从句修饰先行词）
其中，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。
先行词：被定语从句修 饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。它既起连接作用，又充 当从句中的一个成分。
含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为：先行词
This is the school where my mother works.
先行词＝关系词
如：That is the bike which my father bought for me. which= bike
考点：引导词的选择
定语从句的引 导词：
关系代词
关系副词
that、which、who、whom(宾格)、who se;
when、where、why
+关系词+定语从句
关系代词
关系代词指代对象
人
who
(whom)
which
that
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
物
在从句中的成分
主语
√
宾语
√
定语
1. Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?
2. She has got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.
3. This is the factory that/which his father visited three years ago.
4. The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
5. The room whose window is open is mine.
6. I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.
7. This is the factory where I worked three years ago.
8. Could you explain the reason why you were late again?
注意：
一、w hich与that指物时可互相代替，但也有只能用
口诀：两代限形特疑序
①两：先行词词中 同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，定语从句只能用
I can remember the persons and the pictures that I saw in the room. < br>②代：先行词为everything、something、anything、nothing、al l、none、much、little、few等
that引导。
that引导。
不 定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时，定语从句只能用
that引导。
that不能用which引 导的定语从句：
Here is all the money (that) I have.
③限：先行词同时又被the only、the very或the right修饰时，定语从句只能用
It is the only word that I know in the passage.
④形：先行词同时又被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用
This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.
⑤特疑：当主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。
that引导 。
Who is the girl that won the first place?
⑥序：先行词同时又被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用
This is the first composition that he has written in English.
二、 不能使用that的定语从句
which，不用that。1、主句与从句用逗号隔开，先行词是物时， 只用
that引导。
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
2、关系代词前有介词时。（关系词前有介词时，关系词只能为
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
Who is the teacher to whom Lily is talking?
3、先行词是one(s)、 anyone、someone、those时，关系词使用
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
三、关系词的省略
关系词在从句中作宾语可省略；
于关系代词前时，不可
以省略；that、which、wh o在从句中做主语时，不能省略。
1、The boy (who/ that) I like isn’t here now.（作宾语，可省略）
2、I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.
3、Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?
注：判断 关系词的成分可以通过还原法，即把先行词带入从句
关系词的成分。
四、whose 指人，也可指物，表示某人的或某物的，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Please show
中，先行词的成分就是
但关系代词which, whom在从句中做介词的宾语且介词位
who。
which或whom）
me the book whose cover is red.
主讲教师：易波
定语从句(下)
市英语教师
关系副词
关系副词用来引导定语从句时，在句中作状语。
Wher e—修饰地点词，在从句中做地点状语。
When—修饰时间词，在从句中做时间状语。
Why —修饰reason，在从句中做原因状语。
拓展：关系副词和关系代词的比较
1. I know a place where we can have a picnic.
I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
2. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
3. This is the reason why he was dismissed.
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.
结论：先行词做状语用
为什么第一句用
where/wh en/why，做主语，宾语时用关系代词
which？
that、which。
wh ere引导，而第二句却用
1. This is the place where the accident took place last night.
2. This was the place which I visited last year.
动词搭配与辨析主讲教师：易波
接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
市英语教师
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
determine to do sth. 决心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 帮助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 学习做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
接不定式作宾补的24个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
接动词原形作宾补的常用动词
have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
容易误用作不及物动词的7个及物动词
误：serve for sb. 正：serve sb. 为某人服务
误：marry with sb. 正：marry sb. 与某人结婚
误：discuss about sth.
正：discuss sth./discuss with sb. about sth. 讨论某事
误：mention about sth. 正：mention sth. 提到某事
误：enter into a room 正：enter a room 进入房间
误：contact with sb. 正：contact sb. 与某人联系
误：ring to sb. 正：ring sb. 给某 人打
形容词与副词
主讲教师：易波英语教师
概述
形容词用来修饰名词或代词， 表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句等。但英语中的副词位 置和汉语的不同，
灵活。
形容词的定义及句法功能
形容词是描写或修饰名词（或代词） 的一类词，在句子中主要做定语、表语和宾语补足语。
-She has beautiful long hair.
-She looks pretty.
-She found her homework very hard.
副词的定义及句法功能
副词用以修饰动词 、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
-He runs fast.（修饰动词）
-It’s very hot in summer in Beijing.（修饰形容词）
-He ran fast enough to catch the bus.(修饰其他副词)
Enough用法：名前，形副后。
-Enough money.
-Good enough.
-Fast enough.
-Fortunately it was not so cold.(修饰全句)
形容词和副词的原级
肯定形式
as ... as ....
否定形式
比较
not as .... as ...
not so .... as ...
This house is as big as that one.
原级
bad / ill / badly
good / well
far
little
many / much
old
比较级
worse
better
farther/ further
less
more
older/elder
最高级
worst
best
farthest/ furthest
least
most
oldest/eldest
用法
比较级+than
-You are taller than him.
二选一
-Which is better, this one or that one?
比较级+and+比较级，表示越来越…
-The weather is getting colder and colder.
-She is getting more and more beautiful.
the + 比较级......,the +比较级......, 表示越......，越......
-The more exercise you do, the healthier you
用法
形容词和副词的最高级
the +最高级+（名词）+表示围的短语或从句。
-Tom is the tallest boy in our class.
-Li Ming jumps (the) farthest of all.
...the second (third)+最高级+（名词）表示围。
-China is the third largest country in the world.
三者选一
-Who is the best , Jim, Tom or Kim?
one of the +最高级（形）+名词的复数
-Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
’ll be.
时态和语态(上)
主讲教师：易波市英语教师
一般现在时
用法：
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