博文中学完成时态的讲解与练习

2021年1月13日发(作者：胥光义)
现在完成时的用法和练习题

一. 用法：
（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。
与一般过去时的区别
：
强调过去—一般过去式
强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。
试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）

My mother went to Shanghai.
Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.

. I didn’t have breakfast.
I haven’t have breakfast yet.

（2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、 yet 等
副词修饰。如：
--Have you had lunch yet? --Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for 和since等
表示一段时间的状语。
He has been in the army for ten years.
I have studied English since 1980.

（4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现 在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一
次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
I have been to Shanghai twice.
She has watched this film three times.
I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.
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练

习


1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。
___________________________________
2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。
___________________________________
3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。
___________________________________
4. 我自从1996年就认识玛丽
___________________________________
5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

二. 构成：
(1) 肯定句： have / has done
(2) 否定句：...have/has not done
(3) 一般疑问句： Have/ Has ... done ....?
Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.
(4) 常用的时间状语有：
already
never
ever
just
yet
“已经”
“从不”
“曾经”
“刚刚”
“已经” 、“还”
肯定句的中间和末尾处
中间处
疑问句和肯定句的中间处
中间处
疑问句、否定句的末尾处)
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
A. already和yet区别:
I have already finished my homework.
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already用在_______，位于_______。 “已经”
Have you finished your homework yet?
yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”
与since区别: for +时间段 since+ 时间点
I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.
I have been here__________7 o'clock.
用
since
和
for
填空

1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month
4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock
7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children
10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ she was very young
13. _______ she was a child 14, _____ more than twenty years
三. have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别
（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long
等。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm
have been here (there) / abroad
（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
H ave(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中 。总之，说话时该人不在
现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练

习

I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
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B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ___________ the park just now.
3) John __________ England since he came back.
4) How long _________ have _________ this village?
5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.
6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.
7) I _________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.
9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there before.
11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.
12) He often _________ swimming.
13) __________ you __________ there last year?
14) __________ they often __________ skating in winter?

四.注意
现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语 连用，通常是用相应的延续性
动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：

borrow → keep, buy → have, begin/start → be on, die → be dead, join → be in/be a member of-，
come/arrive → be here/in, come/get back → be back, go/leave → be away(from), marry → be married(to),

【练一练】
在现在完成时中，在与__ _____和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________
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动词来代替__________.
例如：
borrow →___________, buy →_______________, begin/start →_____________,
die →_______________, join →__________________，come/arrive →_____________
come/get back →_____________, go/leave →_____________, marry →_______________,
练

习

1) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
4)He came back two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
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2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed ， open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door _____________ _______________ ________________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up ， die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get to sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I __________ ____________ at this school since ___________.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ___________ ____________ _____________ for __________ ______________.
⑦borrow → keep ， lose → not have ， buy → have ， put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold ， get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
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