重聚广州版8年级英语上册U5语法现在完成时态

2021年1月13日发(作者：项元淇)


初二英语 八上U5专题学案
现在完成时态

Warm-up: Reading
I have learnt a bit of t’ai chi, and I really enjoy it. We’ve already learnt a lot about Chinese culture and
history. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. We’ve also tried to paint some
pictures ourselves! I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keep trying.”

考
纲
要
求
命题规律

一、重 难 点
1）现在完成时态的概念
2）重点：现在完成时态的结构与定义
3）现在完成时态中常见时间状语
4）难点：时态的辨别; already, yet, ever, never的区分

二、精讲点拨

1. 现在完成时定义和结构

基本结构 定义
（适用情况）


have/has +P.P
(动词过去分
1. 表示过去发生
A. She has already
或完成的动作对
现在的影响
finished her work.
例句 常用提示词汇
或时间状语

already, yet,
1.掌握现在完成时态的用法
2.掌握时态的辨别
3.掌握常考动词过去分词的不规则变化


B. My sister and I have just never, ever, just,
seen Avatar.(阿凡达).
for, since, these
词) 2. 表示动作从过
A. We have been here for days, so far, up
去已经开始，一直
持续到现在。
six years. to now, in the
B. Janet has worked for
past 2 years等
this factory since 1996.

PS: 1）当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have.
2）过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同， 不规则动词需要特殊记忆。

【Ex1】1.参照列子写出下列动词的四种形式
e.g. come- came- come- comes- coming
1. rain - - - -
2. try - - - -
3. destroy - - - -
4. fly - - - -
5. begin - - - -
6. carry - - - -
7. shop - - - -
8. drop - - - -

2.选用have或has填空。
1. I visited the museum.
2. you ever been to Beijing?
3. My mother made a lot of apple juice.
4. he watched the film?
5. Mrs Brown bought some read and milk.

2. 句式——肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式
句式
肯定陈述句
结构
主语+have/has+p.p
例句
have visited Guangzhou.
has visited Guangzhou.
否定陈述句 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+p.p
haven’t visited Guangzhou.
hasn’t visited Guangzhou.
一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+p.p
1. Have they visited Guangzhou?
2. Has he visited Guangzhou?
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回答 Yes, 主语+have/has.
No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
, they have. No, they haven’t.
, he has. No, he hasn’t.
have they visited?
has he visited?
特殊疑问句 疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p?

PS: 缩略形式：
I have = I’ve you have = you’ve we have = we’ve
they have = they’ve he has = he’s She has = she’s
it has = it’s have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t

【Ex2】按要求改写下列句子
1. Peter has told me the news. (改为否定句)
________________________________ _________________________________
2. Edwin and Alex have watched the football game. (改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
___________________________ ______________________________________
_______ __________________________________________________ ________
3. Timmy hasn’t come here yet. (改为肯定句)
______________________________________ ___________________________

3．用法注意
1) 表示动作已完成、结束，但对现在有影响。
We have finished the work. 我们已经完成了工作。
He has returned from abroad. 他已从国外回来。
2) 表示发生在过去某一时刻并持续到现在的情况，常与“for+一段时间”，since+ 过去某个时间点”
等时间状语连用。
Mary has been ill for three days. 玛丽病了三天了。
I have lived here since 1998. 从1998年起我就一直住在这里。
3) 表示“已经” 等意思，常与already, yet, just, before等时间状语连用。
He has already got two film tickets. 他已经弄到两张电影票了。
We have seen that film before. 我们以前看过这部电影。
4) 表示“曾经”、 “（做过多少）次”，与ever, never, twice等表示频率的时间状语连用。
Have you ever been to Zhongshan? 你去过中山吗？
I have never seen such s tall building. 我从未见过那么高的建筑物。
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5) 与包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, these days/ weeks/ months, so far等。
It has been very cold these days. 这些天天气很冷。

4. already, yet, ever, never
副词already（已经）, yet（仍未，已经）, ever（曾经）, never（从不）常用于现在完成时句中。
1） already（已经）， 一般用于肯定句，位于句中或句末；可放在助动词 与过去分词之间，也
可放在句末。
2） yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句，位于句末。在疑问句中意为“已经”，否定句的意为“仍未
3） ever 表示“曾经”。用于陈述句或疑问句。
4） never 表示“永不，从不”，是一个否定词。用于陈述句，翻译疑问句（后半部分用肯定）

【Ex3】 单项选择
1）The boy over there has ________ finished his homework.
A. yet B. ever C. never D. already
2）We have ________ seen the film UP(飞屋环游记)，have we?
A. already B. never C. ever D. yet
3）The boss will arrive in an hour, but the clerks haven’t got everything ready________.
A. ever B. already C. yet D. never
4）—Have you ________ been to Berlin?
—No, not________.
A. never; already B. yet; never C. already; ever D. ever; yet
5）It’s twelve o’clock at night, but he is ________ working.
A. still B. ever C. already D. yet

【中考聚焦】has been to & have been to区别
1. /has been to 去过某地（现在已回来）
例如：I have been to Haiwaii.
2. /has gone to 去了某地（还没回来）
例如：She has gone to Hawaii.
除了上述两个短语，我们还常见到“has been in+ 地点+ for + 一段时间”的句式，意为“待在某地多
长时间了”，请看例句：
This lady has been in Germany for seven years.

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【Ex4】根据中文上下文，选用has been to, has gone to 或 has been in 填空。


①Mrs Webb _______________________ Guangzhou for more than two weeks.
②—Where is Doris?
—She ___________________________the Carrefour(家乐福).
③—How many times __________ you __________Okinawa(冲绳)？
a) a)Three times.

巩固练习
用所给动词的适当形式填空（一挑横线不限一个单词）
1. He (buy) some milk yesterday.
2. He already (buy) some milk.
3. She often (make) cakes for her husband.
4. She (make) cakes for her husband already.
5. I just (write) a letter to my mom.
6. you ever (visit) the White House?
7. Tony (find) his pen yet?
8. They never (be) to Shanghai.
9. Lucy (live) in Paris for five years.
10. W (learn) English since two years ago.
单项选择
1. Tom up into the tree. Look, he high up there!
A. has got, is B. has climbed, is C. got, was D. climbed, is
2. -- you the book yet?
--Yes, I it last week.
A. Have, read, read B. Did, read, read
C. Have, read, have read D. Did, read, have read
3. My brother Beijing since two years ago.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. was in
4. We have learnt 6 units the beginning of this term.
A. at B. in C. since D. for
5. Ben for two hours.
A. left B. has left C. has gone D. has been away
翻译下列句子
1. 这本书我已经买了两个星期。
I this book two weeks ago.
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2. – 你在这里住了多久了？
-- 10年了。
-- you here？
-- 10 years.
3. 他去过那些城市？
Which cities ?
4. 她去了上海，还没回到广州。
She Shanghai and
back to Guangzhou .

中考链接
1. --- Alan，it’s late. Why not go to bed?
--- Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I _____ for her. (2011 广东)
A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting
2. ---- Do you know her well?
---- Sure. We ______ friends since ten years ago. (2011广东)
A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become
3. The Green will visit Hainan as soon as they ______ to China.（2010广东）
A. comes B. come C. came D. will come
4. ---- Have you ever ____ Australia?（2010深圳）
---- Yes, I have. It’s really interesting _____ with kangaroos.
A. been to; to play B. gone to; played C. been to; play D. gone to; playing
5. --- Shush, be quiet! The baby ______ in the next room.
--- Ok. Sorry.（2009广东）
A. sleep B. slept C. sleeps D. is sleeping
6. Hi, Mr. Smith. I didn’t know you were in New York. How long ______ here. (2008广州)
A. have you come
课后拓展
一．单项选择
’re going to take part in ______ educational exchange this term.
A. a B. an C. the D./
2. Lily ______ the Summer Palace three times so far.
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B. were you C. have you been D. will you come
A. visits B. visited C. has visited D. have visited
3. They hope to see ______ very soon.
A. another B. one another C. other D. one other
4.-- ______ have you met in Shanghai?
-- I’ve met my old friend Tom.
A. Who B. When C. What D. Where
5.—Have you ever made friends with someone from another country?
--No, I ______.
A. has B. hasn’t C. have D. haven’t
6. We ______ for the same junior high school last year.
A. applying B. apply C. applied D. have applied
you take part in our educational exchange, you ______ to another country.
A. travel B. will travel C. travelled D. travelling
8. She hasn’t found her dog ______, but she’s still trying.
A. already B. yet C. ever D. never
9. If we study hard, we pass the final test.
A. don’t, will B. aren’t, won’t C. don’t, won’t D. won’t, won’t
10. –Will you come to the party?
--Sorry, .
A. I’m not afraid I can B. I’m afraid so
C. I think so D. I’m afraid, I can’t
二、 语法选择
We have known that people in different countries an places 1_ different kinds of things 2
a very long time ago. Foods 3 be cooked and eaten in different ways. People in different countries
eat at different 4 of the day, too. In some places people eat once or twice a day, in 5 countries
people eat three or four times a day. Scientists 6 that none of the difference is really important. It _
7 matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned(罐装) or frozen(冷冻的). It doesn’t matter
8 a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock 9 night. The important
thing 10 what we eat every day.
1. A. eat B. ate C. will eat D. are eating
2. A. for B. after C. since D. at
3. A. will B. can C. could D. would
4. A. time B. times C. a time D. time’s
5. A. other B. the others C. another D. any
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6. A. said B. says C. say D. are saying
7. A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. don’t D. doesn’t
8. A. or B. that C. if D. why
9. A. on B. at C. of D. from
10. A. do B. does C. are D. is
三、完形填空
Of all the things we eat and drink, water is 1 . Not many people understand this _2_it
is quite true. The human body can go 3 food for a long time, but two 4 three days without water
usually makes people 5 .
Many people do not 6 how much water the human body needs 7_ well and many people
do not drink enough, especially(尤其) in hot weather. Most people drink when they are 8 , but in fact
people often need more water, especially when they take exercise.
A man’s body is about 70 percent water. If we do not have 9 water, we will feel 10 and become
ill.
1. A. the most useless B. the least necessary
C. the most important D. the least important
2. A. but B. and C. so D. or
3. A. with B. without C. on D. by
4. A. and B. so C. but D. or
5. A. dead B. sad C. angry D. frightened
6. A. see B. understand C. feel D. think
7. A. to pass B. to work C. to travel D. to form
8. A. sick B. enough C. hot D. thirsty
9. A. some B. a little C. enough D. clean
10. A. fine B. tired C. happy D. well
四、阅读理解（共15小题，满分30分）
A
In Britain the weather never gets too hot or too cold. There is not a great difference between summer
and winter. Why is this?
Britain has a warm winter and a cool summer because it is an island(岛) country. In winter the sea is
warmer than the land. The winds from the sea bring warm air to Britain. In summer the sea is cooler than
the land. The winds from the sea bring cool air to Britain.
The winds from the west blow over Britain all the year. They blow from the southwest across the
Atlantic Ocean. They are wet winds. They bring rain to Britain all the year. Britain has a lot of rain all the
year. The west of Britain is wetter than the east. The winds must blow across the high land in the west.
The east of Britain is drier than the west.
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