countryroad英语的基本时态和基本句型

2021年1月13日发(作者：余俊南)

英语的基本时态和基本句型

这篇文章是给只蹦词不成句的人的，包括时态，基本句型两部分。

基本时态部分
一般时态、进行时态、完成时态
一般时态：
一般现在时态：表示经常或习惯动作，现在的状态或者普遍真理。
一般过去时态：过去发生的动作或情况。
一般将来时态：将要发生的动作或情况。
进行时态：
现在进行时态：现在这段或这点正在发生的。
过去进行时态：过去某段或某点正在发生的。
将来进行时态：将来某段或某点正在发生的。
完成时态：
现在完成时态：现刻以前发生的动作或情况。和现在有密切的联系，可从时间上或从后果上和现在联系起来
1．到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况（可能是多次动作的总和， 也可表示
状态和习惯性动作）
2. 对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作
过去完成时态：截止到过去某一时间所完成的动作或情况
将来完成时态：截止到将来某一时间所完成的动作或情况

一般现在时do
I go to shopping every day.
一般过去时did
I went to shopping yesterday.
一般将来时will do /be going to do
I will go shopping tomorrow. / I am going shopping tomorrow.
现在进行时be doing
1
he is playing basketball.
过去进行时was/were doing
He was playing basketball at 7:00 yesterday.
将来进行时will be doing
He will be playing basketball tomorrow afternoon.
现在完成时have done
I have finished my homework.
过去完成时had done
I had finished my homework by yesterday.
将来完成时will have done
I will have finished my homework when you come back tomorrow.

补充例句：
一般现在时
1) They go to work by bike every day.
2) Does the moon move around the sun? Yes, it does.
3) He doesn't love sports.
4) We are all teachers from the country.
5) The children don’t have enough food in Africa.
6) Do you go to see your uncle every other day?
一般过去时
1）My mother wasn't in last night.
2）We didn't watch TV last night.
3）The girl cried just now.
4）We were middle school students last year.
5）Were you at home last night? Yes, I were.
6）Did you wash clothes last night? No, I didn't.
一般将来时
1）When will you be able to visit us again?
2）I won't be free tonight.
3）My sister will finish her middle school this year.
现在进行时
1）They are showing us around the farm.
2
2）Are the students reading now？
3）It isn't raining hard.
4）We are leaving on Friday.
过去进行时
1）I was reading at night yesterday morning.
2）We weren't planting trees this time yesterday.
3）Were they singing when the teacher came? Yes, they were.
将来进行时
1）What will they be doing tomorrow evening?
2）It won't be long before we will be making such a good train.
3）I won't be leaving until 12.
现在完成时
1）How many words have you learnt today?
2）He hasn't got up yet.
3）I have been to England.
过去完成时
1）He said he hadn't collected 300 stamps.
2）Had you learnt 280 new words by the end of last month ?
3）When I rushed to the cinema, the film had begun.
将来完成时
1）We will have finished our middle school next July.
2）Will he have finished writing the novel by the end of next month? Yes, he will.
3）We won't have finished the job when you turn back.

基本句型部分
学句子要先弄清楚句子的成分：
1）句子成分：
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

主语：句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
School is over at six. 六点钟放学。
The rich should help the poor.夫人应该帮助穷人。
谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放
3
在主语之后。
He went to the supermarket yesterday.
He is in the room.
She has a straight hair.
表语：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become,
get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
The class is over.
It looks nice.
The flower grows well.
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
宾语：表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面
They went to see a movie yesterday.
I like to listen to popular music.
宾语补足语：有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语 补语，
才能使句子的意义完整。
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句。
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great are.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
4
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

2）基本句型：
简单句，并列句，复合句：
简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语句子。
并列句：由并列连词或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子。
复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：
A.名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）
B.定语从句
C.状语从句
（1）简单句 主- 系- 表 ； 主- 谓- 宾
（2）并列句 句1 + 连词 + 句2
（3）复合句 主句 +连词 +从句 ； 连词 +从句 ，主句

简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

并列句的类型
1、表示连接两个同等概念：
常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择：
常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折：
常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of
making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系：
5