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软磁铁英语中的16大时态

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-13 02:08
tags:英语, 英语学习, 外语学习

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2021年1月13日发(作者:卞思忠)
英语16时态
英语的时态从时间上看,可分为
般write为例,其构成形式如下:

一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态
现在 write writes am is are have has have has
过去 wrote was were had written had been writing
将来 shall will shall will shall will shall will
过去将来 should would should would should would should would

1 一般现在时与一般过去时(Simple present and simple past)
1.1 一般现在时
一般现在时 由谓语动词原形构成,主语是第一、第二人称和第三人称复数时,动词用原形。当主语是第三人称单数时,
须在动词原形的词尾加-s或-es。
一般现在时的主要用法如下:
a. 表示现在的特征或状态,例如:
--I major in computer science.
--George is a teacher.
--It all depends. (得看情况。)
b. 表示经常或习惯性动作,例如:
--I climb the mountain three times a week.
--It seldom snows here.
--They cycle to work everyday.
c. 表示公认事实或普遍真理,例如:
--Health is more important than wealth.
--Four plus three equals seven.
--Water freezes at 0℃.
d. 在时间和条件状语从句中代替将来时,例如:
--When he finishes middle school, he will go on his studies in college. We will have a football match if
it is fine tomorrow.
--We will start as soon as you are ready.
e. 在口语中表示预先安排好将要发生的动作,但这只用于一些表示位置移动的动词,如come, go, leave, sail, arri
ve, return, depart以及象start, begin, end, stop, open, close和be 等词,例如:
--The delegation arrives here tomorrow.
--The plane takes off at 11 a.m..
--The evening party begins at 7:00 tonight.
--When does the exhibition close?
--I am in my office from three to six this afternoon.
f. 在口语中hear, learn, say, tell 等动词表示已发生的动作,而且这个动作发生的时间在说话人心目中处于很不重
要的地位,例如:
--They say Miss Green will teach us English.
--Ken tells me the Wilsons are moving from No.12.
--Yes, you answer quite well.
g. 用于一些谚语、新闻标题、体育解说词、舞台指导说明或讲故事等,例如:
--Pride goes before a fall.(骄者必败。)
--AMERICAN PROFESSOR LEAVES BEIJING
--Moor passes to Charlton; Charlton shoots, it's a good goal.
--When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings.
--She picks it up and listens quietly.
--It is pitch- dark(漆黑的)that night. A cold wind is blowing from the north. Suddenly the door opens. A

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英语16时态
man bursts in with a baby in his arms.

1.2 一般过去时
一般过去时以谓语动词原形加- ed表示,不规则动词的过去式见不规则动词表。该时态的主要用法如下:
a. 表示确定的过去时间里发生的动作或情况,例如:
--Scissors (剪刀) cut paper, but I cut my finger this morning.
--Shanghai was once the
--When did you meet him?
b. 表示过去的习惯动作,例如:
--Ken never smoked.
--He often went dancing before.
--He gave Mary exciting gifts every Christmas.
也可用used to和would来表达过去习惯的动作:
--Tom used to eat out (下馆子吃饭) every day, but now he can't afford it.
--He didn't use to make that mistake.
--When he was young, he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast.
c. 在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时,例如:
--I missed that exciting game, because mother said I couldn't watch TV before my homework was finished.-
-Father promised to buy me a bike if he got a raise.
--The little boy would open the door if he heard anybody knock at the door.
d. 用于一些虚拟句,表示现在或将来臆想或非真实的情况,例如:
--I wish I had a better memory.
--It's five o'clock. It's time we went home.
--I'd rather you lived closer to us.
--If I knew his address, I would look him up.

2 现在完成时、现在完成进行时与过去完成时(Present perfect, present perfect progressive and past perfect)
2.1 现在完成时
现在完成时由have/has+过去分词组成,规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形,不 规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。与
现在完成时连用的时间状语主要有两类,一类是表示不确切的时 间状语,如just, ever, never, yet, already,
before等;另一类是表示包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, since…,for a long time, this year, so f
ar, up till now 等。
该时态的主要用法如下:
a. 用来表示从过去到现在这段时间里已完成且对现在有影响的动作,例如:
--John has been to Beijing.(说明他现在已经返回)
--John has gone to Beijing.(说明他现在不在此地)
--I have seen the film many times.(说明对电影内容很熟悉)
b. 表示从过去延续到现在的动作或状态,例如:
--How many pages have you covered today?
--It has rained a great deal since you left.
--She has been ill for three days.
c. 在时间和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时,例如:
--The students will go home as soon as they have finished the exams.
--I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.
--He will say sorry to you if he has realized his own mistake.
d. 用于This is the first time…结构中
--This is the first time I have eaten Pizza.
--This is the first time they have seen a panda.
--It is the first time John has played golf.

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英语16时态
e. 另外,关于现在完成时还有以下几个值得注意的问题:
1)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: < br>在单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时;若谈一件已经发生的事情,不考 虑它是什么
时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响,则多用现在完成时。
--Did you get up very early? (强调动作本身)
--Has he got up? (强调现在的情况)
--What did you have for lunch? (只是想知道所吃事物而已)
--Have you had lunch? (所关注的问题是现在肚子饿不饿)
--My sister studied English for two years.(只说明过去学过英语,可能现在已经忘了。)
--My sister has studied English for two years.(说明现在懂英语)
2) 瞬间动词不能用带有表示一段时间的状语的现在完成时,例如下面几句均正确:
--Her granny has died.
--Her granny died a year ago.
--Her granny has been dead for a year.
但不能说:
--Her granny has died for a year.
3) It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时或现在完成时
--It is three years since I (last) saw Bill.
--It is three years since I have seen Bill.
也可用其他两种形式来表达:
--I last saw Bill three years ago.
--I haven't seen Bill for three years.

2.2 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由
a. 表示现在以前一直在进行的一个动作,这个动作可能已经停止,也可能还在进行,例如:
--How long has it been raining?
--She has been teaching in the elementary school since 1990.
--How have you been getting on with your work?
b. 表示延续到现在并经常重复的动作,如:
--Jim is annoyed. Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for a week.
--All the years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
--We have been seeing quite a lot each other recently.
c. 用于得出结论:
--Her eyes are red. It is obvious she has been crying.
--You look thin and tired. You have been working too hard.

2.3 过去完成时
过去完成时由
a. 表示过去某时刻以前发生或完成的动作或状态,即
--By dusk tear gas had spread through the south campus.
--When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
--By the end of last October, they had fulfilled their production plan for the whole year.
b. 表示某一时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作和状态,例如:
--She had studied English for five years before she came to the college.
--He had lived with his grandmother before she died.
--I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990.
c. 在宾语从句中,当主句为一般过去时而从句中的动作发生在先时,从句常用过去完成时,常用于间 接引语的情况,例
如:

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