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中考英语--谓语动词的时态：完成体（现在，过去，将来）
谓语动词的时态--- 完成体
● 现在完成时
定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结 果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现
在。
结构：主语 + have / has + done (动词的过去分词)
从中考角度，解析一般将来时的出题方向
现在完成时的讲解
情景一：
● 谈论行为结果：“已already” “还没有not…yet”
① Gina isn’t here.
She has already gone to school.
② I’m hungry.
I haven’t had breakfast yet.
③ Tom can’t find his key.
He has lost it.
谈论某行为是“已发
生”还是“未发生”
情景二：
● 谈论之前的经历“曾ever”；“不曾never”；“……次数”，截止点是现在。
①-- What’s George’s sister like ?
-- I have no idea. I have never met her.
②-- Do you know this city very well?
--Yes. I have been here many times.
③-- Is Qinghai a beautiful city?
-- I don’t know. I have never been there before.
谈论到目前为止的经
历，是“曾”还是“未
曾”
情景三：
● 肯定句中，谈论目前身份、状态所持续时间段。
① My father is a teacher. (现状)
He has been a teacher for 20 years. (现状所持续的时间段)
② My grandparents live in the countryside. (现状)
They have lived there since they were born. (现状所持续的时间段)
③ She doesn’t eat meat. (现状)
She hasn’t eaten meat for many years. (现状所持续的时间段)
通过上下语境的对比，我们来系统地讲了现完的三种语境。来做做下面的试题吧。
用括号内单词的适当形式完成句子。
1. I ____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
谈论目前身份、状态所
持续的时间段
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
答案：
1. I have already seen (see) the film. I saw (see) it last week.
2. Has he finished (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father has just come (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming? He has gone (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I have worked (work) here since 1999.
6. So far I have made (make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long have the Wangs stayed (stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I have just finished (finish) my homework.
9. He goes (go) to school on foot every day.
you found (find) your science book yet?
11. If it is (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students were reading (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey is climbing (climb) the tree.
14. My mother will come (come) to see me next Sunday.
● 过去完成时的结构
动作性句子： 谓语(行为)动词 had done We had a lot of work at school before the classes
were over.
结构
非动作性句子：谓语动词 be-- had been I realized that I had been in bad mood too long.
从中考角度，解析过去完成时的出题方向
情景二：过去完成时
过去完成时指过去某个时间之前发生的事情或存在的状态，是过去的过去。
常用的时间状语有by....., by the time, by then, before等。
一般过去时 PK 过去完成时
1.I didn’t go to the film with my friends yesterday because I had seen it twice.
“没去看”是昨天发生的事，用过去时；而“看过两次”是昨天之前发生的，故用过去完
成时；
had you gone before I came here?
“来这”是过去时，而“去哪了”发生在来这之前，故用过去完成时；
3.I had began to play the piano by the time I went to school.
“上学”是过去时，而“开始弹琴”发生在上学之前，故用过去完成时；
【提示】你有没有发现什么特征呢？
句子中的过去时和过去完成时，是为了说明两个动作发生的先后顺序，你再仔细琢磨一
下！
_______ about eight hundred English words by the end of last term.
A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned
plane _______ when we got to the airport.
A. had taken off B. was taken off C. will take off D. takes off
3.--Why didn’t you buy the dictionary yesterday?
--Because I _______ one before.
A. had bought B. have bought
would buy
C. bought D.
答案：1. B 从by the end of last term, 截止到上学期末可知，叙述的上学期之前发生的事
情。
2. A 从when we got to....当我们到机场时，飞机已经起飞了，到达是过去时，起飞是过去
完成时。
3. A 语境是：昨天怎么不买，因为之前买过了；昨天已过去，“买”发生在昨天之前。
短暂性动词 VS 延续性动词
1.你知道该如何划分短暂性动词和延续性动词吗？
动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，可分为短暂性动词和延续性动词。
2.那什么是短暂性动词，什么是延续性动词，它们之间又该如何转换呢？
我们来看看下面的讲义，来进行具体的讲解吧。
情景一：短暂性动词VS 延续性动词
● 短暂性动词表示瞬间动词、点动词，这种动作发生后立即结束。如 open, close, begin,
finish,
在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用
This film began five minutes ago.
在否定句中可以表示时间段的状语连用
He hasn’t left his hometown for ten years.
● 延续性动词表示能够延续性的动词，与表示时间段的短语连用。
You can keep this book for two days.
情景二：短暂性动词转化为延续性动词常见的方法
① 用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代。如：
borrow → keep, buy → have, put on → wear, get/catch a cold → have a cold
② 用“be+形容词”替代。如：
die → be dead, open → be open， marry → be married,
③ 用“be+介词或副词”替代。如：
begin/start → be on, leave → be away , come → be in/here, end→ be over
通过上面的讲解，你能实现短暂性动词与延续性动词的变换吗？
①The train has arrived, and it has ________ for ten minutes.
②My teacher will leave, and he will ________ for a week.
③His grandpa has died, and he has ________ for almost 5 years.
④You can borrow my bike, but you can only ________ it for one day.
⑤The movie has started, and it has ________ for half an hour.
⑥The lesson has finished, it has ________ for 10 minutes.
答案：1. been here 2. be away 3. been dead 4. keep 5. been on 6. been over
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2
．
4
月
23
日是
“
世界读书日
”
，你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为
“
多读书，读好书
”
的活动。< br>假如你是李华，请你写一封倡议书，向全体同学发出号召。内容包括：应该读什么样的
书，以及读 书的意义。
提示词语：
story, novel, knowledge, improve, important
提示问题：
● What kind of books should we read? ● Why do we read?
Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming.
So I’m here again to call on all of us to read more books and read good books.
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming. As a middle school student, everyone should
read books. Firstly, reading increases our knowledge and we can learn the world affairs without
going out. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills. Finally, reading
can broaden our knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future.
Therefore, start to reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing.
So I’m here again to call on all of us to read more books and read good books.
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开
头，写出对学生的 倡议。
例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，写的是阅读的好处，时态采用的是一般现在时，描述 倡
议时，描写细致，条理清晰。
高分亮点：
短语：
Fi rstly
；
Secondly
；
Finally
；
a good way to do sth
；
broaden our knowledge and
horizon
。
句型：
reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills
；
reading can broaden our
knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future
。
3
．
假如你是李华
,
你的美国笔友
Bill
给你发了一封电子邮件
,
想了解你的梦想职业。请认
真阅读下面的邮件
,
根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。
To: lihua@ china. com
From: bill006@ america. com
Subject: Your dream job
Dear Li Hua,
Our teacher told us China is developing fast. You are lucky enough to live in China.
Would you please tell me about your dream job in the future?
◆What is your dream job?
◆ Why do you like the job?
◆ Do you think your personality is suitable for the job? Why or why not?
◆ What do you need to do for your dream job?
Drop a few lines if you have time.
Best wishes,
Bill
要求
:1.
参考提示语
,
可适当发挥；
2.
语句通顺
,
意思连贯
,
书写工整；
3.
文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；
4.
词数
:
不少于
70
词（开头已给出
,
但不计入总词数）。
Dear Bill,
Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. ____________________
__________ __________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________ __________________________________________________ __
____________________________________________ ___________________________________
___________ __________________________________________________ __________________
____________________________ __________________________________________________ _
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my
dream job because I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve
problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Besides, the school's
environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To
realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and
enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?
Tell me about your ideal job!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。
【详解】
首先回答职业是教师。然后解释为什么喜欢该工作，因为可以把自己的知识 分享给孩子
们，并且喜欢学校的环境。为了实现自己的梦想，正在为此作出努力。最后向
Bil l
提出问
题，结束全文。
【点睛】
本文首先开篇功能句
Thank you for your letter.
然后开 始主要内容，运用多种连接词，比如
because
，
Besides
，To realize my dream,
等使文章连贯性强，长短句结合，读起来朗朗上
口，不失为一篇佳作。
< br>4
．你是一位九年级的学生李明，你用英语写一封邮件给你的笔友
Amy
，感谢 她对你关
心，并告诉她目前你在全力以赴为中考而学习，并与她交流一下目前的学习和生活情况。
要点如下：
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