lb是什么意思高中英语专题讲练：现在完成时的被动语态-考点归纳

2021年1月13日发(作者：项全申)
现在完成时的被动语态
考点一 现在完成时的被动语态的定义和构成
现在完成时的 被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在
完成时的被动语态由“has/have+ been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
注意各种句式变化。下面以动词teach为例,列表说明现在完成时的被动语态的句
式变化:
肯定句
否定句
I have been taught.
He/She/It has been taught.
We/You/They have been taught.
I have not been taught.
He/She/It has not been taught.
We/You/They have not been taught.

肯定回答:
否定回答:
一般疑问句:
Yes,you have.
No,you haven’t.
Have I been taught?
No,he/she/it
Has he/she/it been taught? Yes,he/she/it
hasn’t.
疑
Have we/you/they been has.
Yes,you/we/they
No,you/we/they
问
taught?
haven’t.
have.
句
特殊疑问句:
简略回答:
Who has been taught?
We have.
Where have you been
In the classroom.
taught?

考点二 现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项

1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主
语。
主动:We have built many houses in the past ten years.
被动:Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
2)带有双宾语的动词,如 give,send,bring, take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,
sel l,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,prom ise等,变为被动语态时,可将其
中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留在原处。
主动:I have given him the book.
被动:He has been given the book.
被动:The book has been given to him.
注意:带有双宾语的动词在由主动语态变为被动语态时,一般把表示“人”的宾语
(间接宾语) 变为主语。
3)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,< br>原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处,改称为主语补足语。原来为省略to的不定式做宾
语补足语的,被 动语态中要用带to的不定式。
主动:I have asked him to help you.
被动:He has been asked to help you.
主动:I have made him work hard.
被动:He has been made to work hard.
4)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保持其完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词切
不可遗漏。
主动:He has referred to the book.
被动:The book has been referred to (by him).
主动:He has thought of a way of doing it.
被动:A way of doing it has been thought of.
5)由主动语态变为被动语态时要注意主谓一致。
主动:He has written three novels.
被动:Three novels have been written (by him).

考点三 现在完成时的被动语态的高考考点
序号 考点内容
考查现在完成
考点1 时的被动语态
的构成
考查现在完成
考点2 进行时的被动
语态
注意事项
要分清句子该 用现在完成时的主动语
态还是被动语态,如果用被动语态,其构
成为:have/has+be en+及物动词的过去分
词。
被动语态没有完成进行时态,主动语态
的现在完成进行 时改为被动语态时用
现在完成时,依此类推。如:He has been
teaching me since I came to the school.改
为被动语态为:I have been taught by him
since I came to the school.

序号 考点内容 注意事项
含有疑问词的现在完成时的被动语态的构成
为 :1)疑问词(做主语)+has+been+过去分词+...?
如:What has been bought by them?他们已经买了
什么东西?
考查含2)疑问词(做主语)+have+been+过去分词+...?
有疑问如:Who have been given the books by the
词的现teacher?谁已经得到老师发的书籍?
考点3
在完成3)疑问词(做 定语)+复数名词+have+been+过去
时的被分词+...?如:How many stories have been told by
动语态 the old woman?这位老太太已经讲了多少个故
事?
4)疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词+...?
如:Where has the meeting been held?这次会议在
哪儿召开的?

序号 考点内容 注意事项
把握好现在完成时的时间状语,对于做好这类
试题有很大帮助。主要分为以下几类:
(1)以现在为参照的时间状语,
如:just,already,yet,before,once等 。
考查现
(2)包括现在时间在内的时间状语,
在完成
如:now,tod ay,this morning,this month,this year
考点4
时的时
等。
间状语
(3)表示一段时间的状语,如:so
far,(ever)since,(for) a few hours,(for)a long
time,(for)long,for/in/over/during the last few
years等,表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到
现在,并可能延续下去的动作。