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听力11. D) Listen to the recorded notes while driving.
12. C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part.
13. A) Arranging a bed for a patient.
14. B) H is too busy to accept more responsibility.
15. C) He has left his position in the government.
16. D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.
17. A) At a car renting company.
29. A) While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice.
30. D) They take it for granted.
31. A) Tidal restlessness.
32. B) They are adventurers from all over the world.
33. D) A murder mystery.
34. C) It is unhealthy for the viewers.
35. B) He can’t resist the temptation of T.V. either.
g。
完形
If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne
Haegele? Last September, the 28-year- old Chicago resident resolved to cut plastics
out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about what the chemicals
leaching out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was
also worried about the damage all the plastic refuse was doing to the environment.
So she hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could
find that didn't include plastic.
says. She did purchase some canned food and a carton of milk--only to discover later
that both containers were lined with plastic resin. she says, seemed
like it was in everything.
She's right. Back when Dustin Hoffman received the most famous one-word piece
of career advice in cinema history, plastic was well on its way to becoming a staple
of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005 --27
million tons of which ended up in landfills. Our food and water come wrapped in
plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes
we ride in. But the infinitely adaptable substance has its dark side.
Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about
the possibility of toxic chemicals making their way from household plastic into
children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut
plastic out of her life--she isn't even the only one blogging about this kind of
endeavor. But those who've tried know it's far from easy to go plastic-free.
things are so ubiquitous that it is practically impossible to avoid coming into
contact with them,
Missouri.
Vom Saal is a prominent member of a group of researchers who have raised worrisome
questions in recent years about the safety of some common types of plastics. We think
of plastic as essentially inert; after all, it takes hundreds of years for a plastic
bottle to degrade in a landfill. But as plastic ages or is exposed to heat or stress,
it can release trace amounts of some of its ingredients. Of particular concern these
days are bisphenol-a (BPA), used to strengthen some plastics, and phthalates, used
to soften others. Each ingredient is a part of hundreds of household items; BPA is
in everything from baby bottles to can linings (to protect against E. coli and
botulism), while phthalates are found in children's toys as well as vinyl shower
curtains. And those chemicals can get inside us through the food, water and bits
of dust we consume or even by being absorbed through our skin. Indeed, the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 92% of Americans age 6 or older
test positive for BPA--a sign of just how common the chemical is in our plastic
universe.
Scientists like vom Saal argue that BPA and phthalates are different from other
environmental toxins like lead and mercury in that these plastic ingredients are
endocrine disrupters, which mimic hormones. Estrogen and other hormones in
relatively tiny amounts can cause vast changes, so some researchers worry that BPA
and phthalates could do the same, especially in young children. Animal studies on
BPA found that low-dose exposure, particularly during pregnancy, may be associated
with a variety of ills, including cancer and reproductive problems. Some human
studies on phthalates linked exposure to declining sperm quality in adult males,
while other work has found that early puberty in girls may be associated with the
chemicals.
Does that mean even today's minuscule exposure levels are too much? The science
is still murky, and human studies are few and far from definitive. So while Canada
and the Democratic Republic of Wal-Mart are moving to ban BPA in baby bottles, the
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