创立大会2011年10月MBA英语考试真题

2021年1月13日发(作者：游好扬)
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C
or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But
that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.
Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems
increasingly 3 ?
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to
make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5
of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a
smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate
users at a range of online services.
The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which
system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate
those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license
10 by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign- on”systems
that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.
approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods”
and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations
can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities
of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.
Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach;
others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would
17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry
that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet
19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the
same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.
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6．
7． ed d ed
8．s er e
9． t e
10．ed buted red
11． on on in in
12． vain effect return contrast
13．d ized ng ing
14．n t ence ce
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16．d ointed ted
17．stly ntally onally ally
18．cism nce erence iasm
19．able able able ble
20．d ted d


Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)
Text 1
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year
later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently
managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was
under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those
enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the
board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.
Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s
board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough
independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is
falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own
crises.
The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms
and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked
which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing
a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by
directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the
company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of
being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform
worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving
and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors
are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for
larger and more stable firms.
But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to
their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows
they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside
directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will
follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.
21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .
[A]gaining excessive profits
[B]failing to fulfill her duty
[C]refusing to make compromises
[D]leaving the board in tough times
22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .
[A]generous investors
[B]unbiased executives
[C]share price forecasters
[D]independent advisers
23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise
departure, the firm is likely to .
[A]become more stable
[B]report increased earnings
[C]do less well in the stock market
[D]perform worse in lawsuits
24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .
[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
[D]will decline incentives from the firm
25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .
[A]permissive
[B]positive
[C]scornful
[D]critical
Text 2
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The
recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the
internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.
America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.
Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold
another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.
In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged
off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global
industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were
routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.
It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The
American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.
Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse
delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly
for many journalists, they can be pushed further.
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from
readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.
Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for
Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly,
Japanese newspapers are much more stable.
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage
has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers
have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been
savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a
virtue in the newspaper business.
26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates
that newspaper .
[A]neglected the sign of crisis
[B]failed to get state subsidies
[C]were not charitable corporations
[D]were in a desperate situation
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .
[A]readers threatened to pay less
[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs
[C]journalists reported little about these areas
[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable
because they .
[A]have more sources of revenue
[B]have more balanced newsrooms
[C]are less dependent on advertising
[D]are less affected by readership
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?
[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.
[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.
[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.
[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
Text 3
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity
and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and
lining up at the marriage bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could
truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and
that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient
housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less
is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who
like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States
before World War II
and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert
enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact
that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he
employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in
the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the
spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example,
were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along
the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they
afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of
the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started
building more modest and efficient houses- usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading
two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts
& Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the
“less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright
detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired
helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self- sufficiency was
both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .
[A]prosperity and growth
[B]efficiency and practicality
[C]restraint and confidence
[D]pride and faithfulness
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.
[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .
[A]was related to large space