狼狈不堪初中英语语法专项训练介词讲解

2021年1月13日发(作者：元俊)
中学英语语法专项训练6—介词
中学英语介词讲解
1．介词的含义，
介 词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语
活从 句前。
中考需要掌握的11个介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、 about、after、before
表示时间的介词
A．典型例题：
1. in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847（年份）
2. in October / in February / in March （月份）
3. in spring / in summer / in autumn / in winter （季节）
4. in a week / in a year 在1周 / 年中
5. in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上
in those days 在当时 / in no time 立刻 / in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在将来 / in one minute 在1分
钟内 / 最后 in the end
表示较长时间（长于一天或短于一天）如：年 、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯
用法中要用介词“in”。
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B．典型例题：
1. at ten o’clock / at seven thirty. （表示某一钟点）
2. at noon / at night / at midnight （在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间）
3. at the age of twenty / at the age of thirty-five （表示某一年龄）
4. at that time 在那时 / at the moment 这时、那时、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后＝in the end / at
once 立刻、马上 / at / on (the) weekends 在周末 / 在一年中的这个时候at this time of year / 在… …
开始/结束时 at the beginning /end of
表示时间的某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。
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C．典型例题：
1. on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Friday
2. on January 1 / on April 18 / on May 31
3. on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / on May 31,1977
4. on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Wednesday evening
5. on a winter morning / on a summer evening / on a autumn afternoon
6. on the morning of May fifth
7. on my birthday / on that day / on New Year’s Day / on the first two days / on Christmas Day
8. 值日 on duty / 准时 on time /
表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。
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D．典型例题：
1. for two hours / for three days 2. for hundreds of years
3. for the last three years / for the past three years 4. for a while
表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”＋“段时间”
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E．典型例题：
1. from 9 o’clock to 11 o’clock 2. from February to April
3. from 1980 to 1990
4. from then on 从那时候起（用于一般过去时），from now on 从现在起（用于一般将来时），from time
to time 时不时地
表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from … to …”
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F．典型例题：
1. during the week 2. during those three months 3. during my visit
4. during the holidays / meeting 5. during the spring
表示“在… …的期间”要用介词“during”，during表示在特定的时间里，其后的名词前 要用定冠词或者表
示特定意义的代词。
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G．典型例题：
1. since 1986 / since 1977 2. since last summer / since last week / since last month
3. since then 从那时以后 4. since he came here 自从他来了以后
表示“自… …以来”，表示从过去某一时 刻到现在，用介词“since”。“since”＋“点时间”，主句常用现在
完成时。
巩固练习：
1. since 7 o’clock last Monday
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H．典型例题：
1. The park is open till 5 p.m. 2. He didn’t leave the park until 4 p.m.
表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止，用介词“till / until”
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I．表示时间介词的比较
1．典型例题：
1. The train leaves at 8 o’clock, so you’d better be there by 7:50.
火车八点钟开，所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。
2. He left Shanghai at the end of last year. 去年年底他离开了上海。（过去式）
3. By the end of last year he had finished the work. 到去年年底，他已经完成了工作。
at表示事件发生在某一时间点上；by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。
at the end of + 时间 / 地点，表示时间时，一般用于一般过去式。
by the end of + 时间，表示时间时，一般用于过去完成时。
in the end =at last最后
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2．典型例题：
finished the work three days ago. 2. He said he had finished the work three days before.
will finish the work in three days. 4. Three days later he finished the work.
three days ago表示从今天算起三天前；three days before表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前；in three
days表示从今天算起的三天以后Three days later表示从过去某个时间开始的三天 后；。ago，用于一般过去
式；before，用于过去完成时；in用于将来时。
巩固练习
1. Four days later he came back from Beijing.
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3．典型例题：
1. before 2 o’clock the meeting lunch
1990 before后通常跟表示一点的时间（或特定的时间），表示在某个时间之前
National Day
2. after 2 o’clock the meeting lunch
1990 after后通常跟表示一点的时间（或特定的时间），表示在某个时间之后
National Day
由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after的习惯用法：after work / after school
/ after class
巩固练习
1. after 8 o’clock
2. after breakfast
3. after a while过了一会儿
4. the day after tomorrow
5. before supper
6. before class
7. the day before yesterday
8. before long不久前
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型例题：
one night / this month / that summer / last year / next week / the day before yesterday / the week after next 再
下一周
由one / this / that / last / next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。
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表示方位的介词
A．典型例题：
1. 在树上 in the tree / 在同一个班 in the same class / 在北京 in Beijing
2. 在世界上 in the world / 在河里 in the river / 在城市 in a city
3. 在阳光下 in the sun / 在北方 in the north / in China 在中国
4. 在第五中学 in No. 5 Middle School
5. 在……的前部 in the front of 在……前面 in front of
6. 在……中间/（内部）角落 in the middle /corner of
7. 固定用法：住院 in hospital / 在露天 in the open air / 躺着看书read in bed
8. 站成行 stand in line / 处于危险中 in danger / 处于麻烦中 in trouble / 惊奇地 in surprise
9. 用英语 in English / 穿红色的 in red / 以…方式 in … way of
表示大地方，表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in，或表示在…范围之内。
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B．典型例题：
1. 在…的尽头 at the end of / 在大门口 at the gate / 在第二个十字路口 at the second crossing
2. 在公共汽车站 at the bus stop / 在校读书 at school / 在家 at home
3. 在医院诊所 at the doctor’s / 在……头部/脚下 at the head/ foot of
4. at the station / airport / zoo / post office
5. at the front door / at the cinema / supermarket / meeting / party / the crossroad
6. 固定用法：stay at home / at work / at table 在吃饭
表示较小的地方，表示空间的某一点，出入口等，选at
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C．典型例题：
1. 在墙上 on the wall / 在…的另一边 on the other side of / 在左边/右边 on the left/right
2. 在左/有手边on the left/right hand side / 在火车上 on the train
3. 在电视/收音机/电话/网上 on TV/the radio/ the telephone/ the Internet
4. 固定用法：访问… on a visit to … / 展览 on show
5. 在去…的路上 on the way to …
6. on my head / nose
表示附着在表面上，覆盖等，表示接触的面上、边上、线上，用on。
比较：a hole in the floor / wall
There are many apples on the tree.
There are many birds in the tree.
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几组表示位置关系的介词比较
D．典型例题：
1. Japan is in the east of Asia.
north
2. Japan is to the east of China.
3. Korea is on the northeast of China.



west east

A B C D



巩固练习：
south
1. B is in the east of A.
2. D is to the east of A.
3. C is on the east of A.
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中学英语语法专项习题6-介词
1 ( ) 1 Children get gifts ___ Christmas and ___ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on
( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis.
A. on B. in C. out D. up
( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since
( ) 4 tie suddenly returned____ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during
( ) 5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of
( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes. A. in B. at C. for
( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on
2( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years.
A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past
( ) 2 We returned to our hometown___. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week
( ) 3 Great changes have taken place___.
A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year
3( ) 1 Children wake up very early____the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at
( ) 2 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For
( ) 3 It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of
( ) 4 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in
4( ) 1 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year.