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英语语法宾语从句讲解
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受
限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用
if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
一． 基本讲解
来源：直接引语变间接引语
概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾
语。
e.g. He said, “I am good at drawing”.
He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
1.引导词
(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。
e.g. She said, “I want to go there ”
She said (that) she wanted to go there.
They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.
(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，
陈述语序。
e.g. “Are you interested in geography?” she said.
She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.
I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .
I’m not sure whether he will come or not.
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外
a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if
e.g. We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.
e.g. I can’t say whether or not he will come on time
c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用
whether.
e.g. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.
Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.
(3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.
What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。
e.g. ‘What do you want?’ He asked.
He asked me what I wanted.
I have no idea where he is now.
I don’t know how to deal with it.
He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.
对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：
He asked what was the wrong/matter with me. （what 做主语）
He doesn’t know what to do now. (做宾语)
He asked me who he was. (who 做表语)
2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
e.g. Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?
I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.
She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态
She didn’t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)
I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）
I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，
科学原理，格言等，从句仍 然要用一般现在时。例如：
e.g. He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much
faster than sound.）
The teacher told us（seeing is believing.）
3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他
* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me）
Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?
*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.）
He asked if she had seen the movie.
*Could you tell me what's the matter/wrong with you?
二、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wi sh，decide，forget，plan，agree等，
且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结 构。如：
e.g. She agreed that she could help me with my math.
→She agreed to help me with my math.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面
有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。
如：
e.g. She forgot what she should take.
→ she forgot to take it
3. 当主句谓语动词是find，s ee，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句
常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定 式或V-ing形
式。如：
e.g. She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.
→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
三．否定转移
e.g. I don’t think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷
常用词：believe，suppose等
四．注意问题和易错点
1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引
导词的影响
（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）
2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否/如果）
3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢
e.g. I don’t know who she is looking at.(容易丢了at )
4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措 （宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，
说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有
who /that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从，
只用于宾从）
5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句
e.g. Jim didn’t know what was wrong with his computer.
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
you decided ________for Australia?
A. when will you leave B. when do you leave
C. you will leave when D. when you will leave
you tell me _________ ?
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived
C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema
4.I think _______ you will like him.
A. that B. if C. why D. how
5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.
A. that B. whether C. weather D. how
6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
asked me _________.
A. who he was B. who was he
C. who is he D. who he is
him ___ .
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this
C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup
9.I don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts
doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill
C. I have been ill D. I had been ill
weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow
you know _________?
A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to
you tell me where _________?
A. the tape was B. was the tape
C. the tape is D. is the tape
want to know _________?
A. where is the hospital B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying
wanted to know _________.
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
one knows ___ the professor will come to our school
tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A. when B. whether C. where D. if
didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim’s father B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch
one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do
C. what to do D. what should we do
don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land
and sea.
A. how do it B. how to do
C. what do it D. what to do
asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out
D. whether I found out the sender of the money
能力提高练习
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes,
I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether
C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know ________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how
C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
11. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
12. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
13. Do you still remember _______?
14. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
15. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone
C. how far/ went D. how far / had run
17. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter
18. Can you tell me ___________?
A. what are you doing B. where do you study
C. what you were doing D. what to do it
19. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
one tells us______，so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
A. that he said B. what he said
C. did he say that D. what did he say
直击中考
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can
tell___ _______. .
A. when UFOs will appear next time
B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found
D. how do elephants communicate
2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
----Sorry. I don’t know _______. .
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
3. ---May I come in ? I’m sorry I am late.
---Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______. ?
A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then
C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school
4. ---Could you please tell me _______. ?
---Bus No.32 will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum
B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum
D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _
______. .
A. where they have been B. where are they
C. where are they from D. where they have gone
6. ---Do you know ______the Capital Museum?
---Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
7. He wanted to know _______the English party.
A. when will we have B. when we will have
C. when would we have D. when we would have
8. I want to know _______. .
A. when we should arrive at the airport
B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at
D. when the airport should we arrive at
9. ---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me
_______. ?
---He is a doctor.
A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is
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