np是什么意思最全英语作文书信格式模板范文

2021年1月13日发(作者：祁昆)
书信
书信是人们在日常生活和工作中进行交际的工具。由于民族语言和习惯上的差异，英语 信
件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样，有些地方迥然不同。英文书信分为两大类：公
务 信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、
求职信、入学申 请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信件。私人信件
是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这 两类书信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信
文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件要求比较 严格，必须遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。

一般格式
英文书信的构成可分为7个部分：
信头(Heading), 日期(Date), 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address), 称呼
(Salutation), 信文(Body of the letter), 结束语(Complimentary close), 署名
(Signature)

信头(Heading)
信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的 地址写(打字，手
写均可)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：
① 齐头式
② 缩进式
地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。
私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。
Example: 123 Tianhe Road
Tianhe District
Guangzhou 510620
Guangdong Province
P. R. C.
Jan. 8, 2010
日期(Date):
① 年份应写全，例如不能用“99”来代替“1999”；
② 月份应写英文名称，除May, July外，可用缩写，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字
来代替，如7／4／99 或7， 4， 99，因为在英国此日期代表 7th April，1999，
而美国则代表4th July，1999。
③ 日期可用1，2，3，4…11，12…21，22…31等，也可用l st，2nd，3rd，4th…11th，
21th…22nd…31st等。
日期的几种写法：a．July 7，1998 b．1st October, 1998
c．30 Nov., 1997 d．Sep. 3rd, 1999
④特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行，不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名< br>之后。

收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事务信件或给
较生疏的 朋友的信件要写，而在给极熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左
上角。收信人姓名写一 行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，上下可取
齐，也可以向右缩进。在姓名前一般 要加上称号，称号因人而异。
①对普通男子用Mr；②对未婚女子用Miss；③对已婚女子用Mrs ，对婚姻状况不明确的通
常用Ms(后跟本人姓)；④对男子用Master；⑤对教授或博士(医生) 用Prof．或Dr．

称呼(Salutation)
称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼，如Dear , Mr, Uncle，各种称呼因人而异。称呼直< br>接写在收信人地址的正下方，中间空一至二行。在称呼后面一般是用逗号，但也有用冒号的。
现归 纳如下：①对父母、兄弟、姐妹等；a．Father, b．My dear Mother, c. Dear Sister,
d. Dear Tom,
②对亲戚：a．My dear Auntie, b．Dear Cousin, c．My dear Cousin,
③对朋友、同学a．My dear friend, b．Dear Mr Jackson, c．My dear Mr Jackson, d．Dear
Sir,
④对未婚女子：a．Dear Miss Luce, b．My dear Miss Luce,
⑤对一般女子，不论是否结婚：a．Madame, b．Dear Madame,
⑥对已婚女子：a．Dear Mrs Helen Jackson, b．My dear Mrs Helen Jackson,
⑦对公司、工厂、学校等：a．Dear Sirs, b．Sirs, c．Gentlemen,
⑧如果不知收信人的性别: Dear Sir or Madam

信文(Body of the letter)
信文是信件的主体 部分，也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个
字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。 也有往后退四个或八个字母的。正文是书信的主体。与
中文信件不同的是，英文书信的正文的开头不是先 写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是
直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、 想法或要求，并加以必要的
解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言 简意赅。
书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般说来，人们习惯用一些客套的
写法作为书信正文的起始，即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便
知该信是回 答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并
表明自己写信的主要目的 。
下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。
开头语 ①相当于中文的“敬君者”。
a．I beg to inform you that…
b．I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that …
c．I have the honor to address you that…
d． I write in a hurry to inform you that…
e．I have the pleasure to tell you that…
f. I'm very much delighted to inform you that…
②相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。
a．I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th …
b．Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.
c．It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind of May 20th.
d．In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that …
e．I have received your kind letter of May 20th.
f．Words can't express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this
morning.
g．Your letter dated May 20th has been received.

结尾语
采用三种方法：
①采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：
a．Waiting for your good news,
b．Looking forward to your early reply,
c．Hoping to hear from you soon,
d．Hoping you are enjoying good health,
e．Regretting that I can't give you a more favorite reply,
f．Regretting the trouble I'm causing you,
g．Wishing you every success,
h．Wishing you a pleasant journey,
i．Wishing you a happy New Year,

②采用介词短语，例如：
a．With best regards,
b．With kind regards to your family,
c．With best wishes to you and yours,
d．With best wishes for your success and happiness,
e．With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,
f．With best regards and wishing you all success,
g．With warmest regards,
h．With best regards to you and your family,
i．With the season's greetings,

③采用完整句子：
a．We are waiting for your good news.
b．I hope to receive your early reply.
c．We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
d．I thank you very much for your services, and wish your continued success.

结束语(Complimentary Close)
结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。
结束语的一般写法如下：
① 业务书信常用：Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours,
Sincerely yours,
② 公函常用：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely,
③私人书信常用：Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Yours affectionately, Yours
ever,
④给亲戚朋友的信常用：Love, All my love, Your(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin ,
etc.
Your affectionate nephew, lovingly, Lovingly yours,

署名(Signature)
写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。除非是 给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须写出全
名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因此在签名的正下方须打印出全 名。如果是用打字机或电
脑写的信，在写信人签名的上方，同样应该打上写信人的姓名。
下面是署名的例子：
① 个人署名：truly, W. J. Watson ,Yours faithfully,
②公司署名：Legend Computer Company, Wang Lin ,Sales Manager

除以上七个部分外，有时一些英语书信还包括：
（1）附件 (Enclosure)，以Enc. 表示，如“附有。。。。。。证明”应写为Enc…Certifica te；
（2）附言(Postscript)，以. 表示；发信人有时在写完信后又想起一件比较重要的事没有
说，可以在信末署名下面几行写上， P. S.，然后将要补充的话写上。不过要注意写信时最
好将事情一次讲清楚，尽量少用或不用.。
（3）抄送件(Carbon Copy to…)，以. 表示，说明一式多份抄送其他有关人员。这些都是
次要的补充部分。
. 主要在私人信件中使用，事务信件中应避免使用，以免造成写信人粗心大意的印象。Enc.
和. 大都用在商贸信函中。

信封（envelope）。英语的信封和中文的一样，有三部分组 成，即发信人地址、收信人地址
和邮票。只不过英语信封的格式除了邮票所贴的位置（信封的右上角）和 中文的一样外，英
语信封上要写的发信人和收信人的地址和中文的大不一样。发信人的地址应写在信封的 左上
角，收信人的地址应写在信封偏中右偏下处，如下：

2．书写款式
英语书信的款式一般有两种：齐头式 (Block Style) 和折衷式 (Semi- Block Style)。齐头
式常常在商贸、官方以及一些正式的信件中使用，以显示信件内容的严 肃性，真实性，
可靠性。而折衷式则显的比较随便，主要用于家人、朋友、私人之间来往的信件。如果 两人
之间不是第一次通信，相互比较了解，可以省略信内的双方地址。
以下分别介绍齐头式和折衷式信件两种款式。
A: 齐头式信件款式：

注：用齐头式信件写信，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空
格，但段 与段之间需要空一至二行。齐头式信件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。第一
种写在左下方，这是最 常用也是最正式的。另外也可以写在右下方，这种形式则表示写信人
与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉随便。 下面是另一种齐头式信件的格式。
齐头式信件款式：

B: 折衷式信件款式：
用折衷式书写信件，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。第一段第一句的第一个单词必须在Dear
称呼的直接下面。以后每段开头都要与第一段第一个字对齐。信尾的客套话和签名都写在右
下方。朋友之 间写信一般都使用折衷式，而且称呼与正文之间一般不空行。具体款式和要求
参见后面的一些信件。
以下是一封折衷式信件。

3.书信写作常用套句
It is so great to hear from you again.
It is a great pleasure for me to …
With great delight I learned that …
I must apologize for not writing to you sooner.
建议：In my experience, it seems that _______ would make sense in your situation
In my opinion, it would be wise for you to take the following actions:
感谢：I truly appreciate your kindness.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for...
道歉：I apologize most sincerely for...
I am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble...
邀请：We would be honored to have you there with us...
I will cover all the expense involved.
抱怨：I very much regret to have to inform you that...
We will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss
I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible
咨询：I would like to request some information about...
Should I need to send further materials, please let me know.
求职：In anwser to your advertisement a post as … in your office.
I hope I may be granted an interview…
4. 各类常用信件例子
1）感谢信

2）祝贺信

3）邀请信

4）一般信件

5）商业信件



5. 书信作文的出题形式和写作要领
2001年6月四级考试的作文题：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.
Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who
is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120
words according to the suggestion given below in Chinese:
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出对度假安排的建议
3. 提醒应注意的事项
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________.
Yours,
Zhang Ying
从上面的例子可见，书信作文不仅给出正文部分的内容的提纲 ，而且还给出书信各部分
的结构的框架。也就是说，我们只要考虑如何表达提纲部分的内容，而不用考虑 书信的结构。
在写书信作文时，首先要把书信正文的提纲内容细化，扩展成更细的英文提纲，然后 用
简洁、明了、礼貌、正确和得体的语言表达出细化了的提纲内容。例如前面的那封信就可以
列 出下面的提纲：
Topic: A Letter to a SchoolmateQuestion: What are the holiday arrangements and
points for attention?
Outline:I. Extending my welcomeII. Holiday schedule1. 1st day – campus2. 2nd
day – the art gallery & music hall3. 3rd day – mountain climbing4. next 3 days
– other places of interest (Swan Cave, Golden Lake …)5. Last day -- departureIII.
Points for attention1. Train number & time of arrival2. SunglassesIV. Looking
forward to seeing Body 1Body 2Conclusion
范文：
A Letter to A Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
I’m very glad to learn that you’re going to visit me during the week-long
holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy
every minute here.
I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows. On the first day you
arrive, I’ll show you around our campus. On the second day, we’ll visit the art
gallery and the music hall. Next day, we’ll climb a hill in the northeastern part
of the city. On the top of the hill, we can have a wonderful bird’s eye view of
the city. During the next three days, we’ll make some short trips to some places
of interest nearby, such as the Swan Cave, the Golden Lake, etc. On the last day,
I’ll see you off at the railway station.
Please remember to call and tell me your train number and time of arrival so
that I can meet you at the railway station. By the way, it’s very hot here and
we have a lot of sunshine, so don’t forget to wear you sunglasses.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Ying

写信日期称 呼正文第一段：表示欢迎正文第2段：活动安排第一天的安排第二天的安排
第三天的安排第4-6天的安 排第七天：送行正文第三段（注意事项）： 注意事项一注意事项
二结束语结尾礼词签名
上面举的是私人信件的例子，下面我们再来看一封投诉信（Letter of Complaint）。
投诉信的目的是为了让收信人读信后同情你的遭遇,解决你所遇到的问题。所以写投诉
信时 应该实事求是地反映情况，注意措辞，不使用过多的讽刺或责备的语言，也不要因为发
泄怒气而离题，以 避免引起收信人的不信任或反感。
一般而言，投诉信包括以下内容：提出要求和理由；解释详细的 情况；把请求具体化以
及希望收信人采取行动的日期等。例如：
September 1, 2001
Dear Sir or Madam:
I’m writing to complain about a typewriter I bought seven months ago.
In February of 2001 I bought a Jones Typewriter, Portable Special Model, at
ABC Store, I had used it only a few days when the space bar broke.
I took it to a local shop, they told me it was factory defect and suggest I
take it back to ABC. ABC accepted the machine and sent the part in. I waited three
months, and since your company did not send a replacement, they let me have the
space bar from another typewriter.
Now, six months later, it has broken again. I took it back to ABC. They are
no longer carrying your typewriter, but they assured me that the guarantee is still
good and suggested that I write you for further instructions as to what steps to
take.
I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter.
Respectfully,
(Signature)
James Bergen
写信日期 称呼正文第一段： 表明写信的目的正文第二段：具体说明购买产品的时间、
地点及出现的问题第三段：说明尝试的解决方法 第四段：说明尝试的解决方案无效，请求
帮助结尾礼词签名打印的姓名
这是一封态度冷静 、措辞有理、有节的投诉售后服务不周的信。由于这类信涉及经销商
（厂家）和卖方，因此，投诉信中写 明了以下详细的情况：
1） 购物的时间：In February of 2001
2） 购物地点： at ABC Store
3） 产品型号：Jones Typewriter, Portable Special Model
4） 使用时间：I had used it only a few days；six months later
5） 主要问题：The space bar broke
6） 产生问题的原因：factory defect
7） 为什么向你方反映：
They are no longer carrying your typewriter, but they assured us that the
guarantee is still good and suggested that I write you for further instructions as
to what steps to take. (商店已没有贵 公司的打字机，但他们让我相信，保修卡仍有效，
并建议我写信给贵公司以寻求解决办法)
此外，写信人还用了礼貌的结束语：
I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter. (贵公司在这
件事上给我的任何帮助都将令我不胜感激)
小结：1）英文书信的结构；2）书信作文的出题形式；3）书信作文的写作要领。
下面我们进行 写作练习。我将给大家一个作文题，请大家根据这一讲的内容，在30分
钟内完成。大家在写作的过程中 要注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的起首语和结束语等。
练习五：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.
Suppose you are Xiao Li. Write a letter to Xiao Zhang, a roommate of yours who is
a heavy smoker. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestion given
below in Chinese:
1. 吸烟已成为宿舍的一大问题
2. 吸烟的危害
3. 建议戒烟
A Letter to a Roommate
March 16, 2002
Dear Xiao Zhang,
___________________________ ____________________________
_______________ ________________________________________
___ __________________________________________________ __
_________________________________________ _____________.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Li
参考文章:
A Letter to a Roommate
March 16, 2002
Dear Xiao Zhang,
Recently I have noticed that you have been smoking heavily, which is becoming
a serious problem. As long as you are in, our bedroom is filled with that terrible
smell. The ashtray always overflows with cigarette butts.
Your are ruining your health, destroying brain cells which can never be replaced,
not to mention the damage to your lungs and windpipes. Smoking, especially heavy
smoking, correlates highly with lung cancer. It is possible that you'll be caught
up with it. I'm not scaring you. Besides, smoking is also harmful to the health
of our roommates and the friendship among us. The roommates avoid being in the
bedroom for fear of being polluted. As a result, the brotherhood among roommates
is gradually fading.
If I were you, I would try to get rid of the bad habit. It is not difficult
to break away from it if you are really determined to quit. Remember 'Where there
is a will, there is a way'. I will always be there to help, if you need.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Li

6.英语书信范文精选
一、感谢信
Sample 1
20 June 2006
Dear Mr. Seaton，
Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to
London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the
other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as
much, because I wouldn't have known my way about.
The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still
remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no
climate. During the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon,
shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I
was lucky.
I think the river trip was the best thing of all. London really came alive
for me as we saw it from the Thames during that wonderful journey down to
Greenwich. It was all tremendously exciting － a day that I shall never
forget.
Thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat.

Yours sincerely,
Linda Chen


Sample 2
20 July 2006
Dear Mr. Wang,
Thank you for taking the time to write your wonderful letter in support of MCEA
(Maywood Chinese Education Association). Your letter clearly articulates all the
major reasons children in Maywood will benefit from studying the Chinese language
as part of their elementary school education. It provides invaluable support that
will help making bilingual. Chinese education a reality in Maywood public schools.
Although MCEA would like to see Palo Alto public schools implement the first
bilingual Chinese kindergarten class in September of 2006, we have learned that the
school district must take the time to understand how a new program will affect
existing educational offerings, and to validate community interest. Nevertheless,
MCEA, with more than 70 members, will continue to actively promote bilingual Chinese
education in the Palo Alto public schools and will keep you apprised of the progress
we make.
Thanks again for sending a letter in support of MCEA. We' will continue to do
all we can to realize this program both for families of Chinese descent and those
with a general interest in participating in the growing economic power of China.

Yours sincerely,
George Chen

Useful Expressions
Thanks for. . .
It was very nice/good of you to ...
Thank you very much for. . .
I must thank you for. . .
I am extremely grateful for your help. . .
I am most grateful for. . .

二、建议信
Sample 1
21 June 2006
Dear Mary,
Thanks for your last letter. I'm so glad that you have been able (at last!) to
arrange a holiday in Australia. As I fear I won't be able to meet you at the airport
when you arrive, nor will I be able to be home until later in the afternoon, so here
are some instructions and suggestions.
There is a bus from the airport to the city. It is much cheaper than a cab. Take
the bus to the city and ask to get off at Town Hall railway station.
To get to my place in the eastern suburbs you have three options. You can either
take a cab, a bus or the train. I suggest you take the train, since the airport bus
will leave you right at the station. Get off at Cliff Station. From there you can
either walk to my place (about ten minutes) or take a taxi. Probably you should take
a taxi as you will have luggage.
When you arrive at my flat, ring the intercom for Flat 2. My friend Lillian will
be at home and she will open the front door for you and let you into my flat.
Presumably you will be tired and want to sleep. But if you feel like some exercise
after that long flight, you could stroll down to Cooper Park, which is only ten
minutes away ? you can see it from the window.
Cheers and looking forward to seeing you.

Yours sincerely,
Annie

. I will leave something for breakfast in the fridge. Help yourself to anything
you want.

Useful Expressions:
Here are some instructions and suggestions.
May I suggest that we meet at the gate of the university?
I'd like to suggest you should visit London for at least two days on your
way to Scotland.
Considering your present situation, I propose that you should apply for the
post.
What I want to suggest is ...