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汉字的故事英语近义词大全

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2021-01-13 17:54
tags:骤然的近义词

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2021年1月13日发(作者:喻文鏊)
英 语 近 义 词
- 1 -
英语复习重要的动词近义词:
1 abandon, desert, quit
1) abandon 的确切含义是失 去控制,丧失了占有的能
力或“放弃”某物,强调“完全,永远的遗弃”,尤其是指
遗弃以前感 兴趣或负有责任的人或物,如:she
abandoned her child. 她遗弃了她的孩子。
2) desert 表示抛弃自己的天职或应尽的义务,所指的
不是把物扔掉,而是人走掉。Desert 的含义是“过去 占
有过”或“过去是伙伴”。狭义上讲,这个词指“抛弃自己
的义务”,强调违背誓言,命令, 责任,义务等。如:
desert one’s country 叛国;a deserted village 空无一人
的村庄;the deserted wife and children 被遗弃的妻子
儿女
3) quit 强调“突然弃去”,常指“停止”。如: she quitted
her job. 她放弃了自己的工作。

2 able, can
1) able 可与情态动词(can除外)或助动词连用,而
can则不能:
例如:will you be able to come here tomorrow? He
must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all
about his own.
2) able 接不定式是,只能接肯定的,主动的不定式,
不能接被动的不定式。需要时可以由can代替:
例如:His voice was not able to be heard. (WRONG) His
voice couldn’t be heard. (RIGHT)
3) 表示过去某个时间的能力时,不可用could, 应使用
was (were) able to .

3 bring, take, carry, fetch ,get
1) bring 意为“带来”,方向是朝着说话人所在之处的,
但有时bring表示的方向是朝着说话人 所在之处的,但
有时bring表示的方向也可以是朝向说话人曾经待过
或将要去的地方;而t ake意为“带走”即将东西从说话
者处拿走。
2) carry意为随身携带,方向不定。它还可以表示“运载
(客,货物)”
3) fetch 意为“去拿来”,指到别处去取东西或找人然后
带回来,由于fetch已含去某处之意,故不再和go 连
用。 Get 和fetch基本意同,但主要用于口语中。Get
如与表示方向的词语连用,其方向随之变化
4) fetch和bring 均含“到某处去拿来”之意,但fetch含
有“专程去做” 之意,bring则无此含义。如果距离较远
时,一般用fetch。

4 dress, be dressed, be in, have on, put on, wear
1) dress vt. 指穿衣服的动作: 例如:The mother
dressed the baby and took her to the park.
2) be dressed in 穿着,指状态: 例如:She is always
dressed in the red dress.
3) be in 穿着,指状态: 例如:The boy in sports suit is
his brother.
4) have on 穿着,指状态; 例如:He has on a green
overcoat today.
5) put on 穿上,指穿衣服的动作: 例如:It’s raining
now. Put on your raincoat.
6) wear v. 穿着,指状态。还可指戴眼镜,手套,手表,
首饰等。例如:She is wearing his necklace.

5 drill, practice, train, exercise
1.)drill指反复机械地操练。 例如:They are having a fire
drill.
2) practice指不断地反复实践: 例如:It takes a lot of
practice to become a good swimmer.
3) train指针对某种目标得培训:例如:The soldiers got
trained before they entered Macao.
4) exercise指锻炼身体或心智得练习: 例如:You
should exercise more instead of constantly at home.

6 drink,have,take
1) drink指喝酒,茶,水,牛奶,汤等饮料。
2) have在口语中常用来代替take和drink
3) take用于饮茶,吃药,喝汤等。

7 divide,separate
1) divide指把整体自然的或有计划的分成几个部分:例
如:The teacher divided the class into four groups.
2) separate指把原本各自独立但混在一起的东西分开:
例如:How can we separate oil from water?

8 die of, die from
1) die of侧重于“因内部原因而死亡“
例如die of colda feveragefeeling
2) die from 侧重于“因外部原因而死亡“,但die offrom
都可接具体得表示疾病的名称
例如die from a woundan accidentdrinking

9 desire,wish,want
1) desire属正式用语,可代替wish和 want,强调主观愿
望得热切性,含有强烈希望做某事得意思。
例如:He got the book he desired.
2) wish的语气比desire弱,一般用于难 以实现或不可
能实现的愿望,强调主观愿望,指希望,愿望,想
例如:I wish I could have a new cat.
英 语 近 义 词
- 2 -
3) want多用于口语式普通场合,指想要或需要,表示
“较弱的偏爱,选择“或”强烈的需要,热爱“
例如:I want a book: 我要一本书

10 attend ,take part in
1) attend主要指出席这一动作,强调听或看
2) take part in指参加某项活动,并在其中起作用,
例如: He attended the play. 他看过这部剧目。 He
took part in the play. 他演过这部剧目。

11 delay, postpone, put off
1) delay指“暂时阻挠或阻挡,稍后可再继续进行
例如:The steamer is delayed by bad weather.
2) postpone是正式用语,语 义较强,指“有意识地延至
将来某一特定时间”,在大多数情况下,后面说明改在
何时进行
例如:The meeting has been postponed to Friday
3) put off与postpone大致同义,但较口语化
例如:Let’s put this off till some other time. 我们还是把
这搁一搁,以后再说吧。

12 depend, rely
1) depend表示相信某人或某物能给予或提供所需要或
盼望的帮助或支持。
例如:His family depend on him.
2) rely表示相信某人或某物会像人们所希望或期待得
那样去做或给予所希望得到的东西:
例如:Can we rely upon your help? You can’t rely
on the weather here.

13 rise, arise, raise, arouse
1) arise表示“出现,发生”相当于happen, appear,而rise
无此义;表示“升起”,可与rise互换。
2) rise “升起”还可表示“站起,上涨”
3) raise则是及物动词,举起,扶起,提高
4) arouse是及物动词,引起,唤醒。

14 defeat, beat,win
1) defeat“击败”,战败,指在竞争或斗争中打败对方,
但不一定是最后得胜利,一 般地指(希望,计划等)
受挫或失败:
例如:They are always defeated but never beaten.
Black was defeated in the election.
2) beat击败,打败,通常指在各种比赛中击败对手
例如:We beat them by 3 points.
3) win 获胜,赢得,指在赛场上或战争中获胜,或在
竞赛中获奖
例如:We won the football game yesterday. Two
boys won the prize in the competition.

15 ruin, damage, destroy
1) ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏
2) damage一般是部分损坏
3) destroy指彻底的毁坏,摧毁

16 sow;plant;grow
1) sow意为“播、撒、播种、种”,其后跟(the)seeds
或“植物(结成种状的)”。
例如:It’s time to sow wheat now . Don’t sow the
seeds of hatred.
2) plant意为“栽、插、移植”,其后跟作物(多为苗状
的)。
例如:He plants rice fastest in the village. The
garden was planted with Chinese roses.
3) grow作及物动词 时,意为“种植、培植”,后接宾语
(不表明种状还是苗状,强调种植后的栽培及管理过
程); 作不及物动词时,意为“生长、发育”;作系动词
时,意为“变得”。
例如: They can only grow potatoes in the fields It
grows up straight and thin.

17 fight about, fight for, fight against, fight with
1) fight about “因……而打架(仗)”,后接打架(仗)
的原因:
例如:No one knew what they fought about.
2) fight for “为……而战”,后接打仗、战斗的目的:
例如:The African people are fighting for their
independence.
3) fight against “和……作战,和……斗争”,后接斗争的
对象
例如:The soldiers were fighting against the flood in spite
of the terrible weather.
4) fight with “和……作战(斗争)”,与fight against同
义,也可作“和……一起战斗”之意,要根据上下文判断
清楚
例如:Great Britain fought with (=on the side of) France
against Germany.


18 provide, offer
1) provide 表示“供应,提供;预防”等,是供应者与被
供应者之间一种相对固定的关系,具有客观性。
例如:Sheep provide wool.
The school provide tents, but we must bring our own
food.

英 语 近 义 词
- 3 -
2) offer 表示“提供;建议;出价”等义,常表示提供者
一种较主动的态度。
例如:He offered to help us。 She offered him the
computer for $$1000.

19 fear, dread, fright, dismay, panic, terror, alarm
Fear有两个含义,“怕”或“担心”。
Dread总表示由经验而感知的“怕”。如汉语 中“一朝被
蛇咬,十年怕井绳”,在英语中有与此意义相当的“A
burnt child dreads fire.”的俗语。
Fright强调由于受到骤然的震惊而表现出的“惊怕”。
Dismay表示由于某种危险已经逼近而产生的“沮丧”或
“惊愕”。
Panic强调难以抑制的“惧怕”,而且常常是某种无根据
的或者无道理的惧怕。
Terror表示由经验而感知的极为强烈的“恐惧”。
Alarm指由于危险突然出现而产生的惊慌和恐惧。

20 prepare;prepare for;prepare…for;be prepared for;
be(get)ready
1) prepare sth.意为“准备某事”强调 准备的过程或动
作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者;另有“配置、
调制”之意。
2) prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for后面的宾语是准
备的目的,即所要应付的情况。
3) prepare sth.for意为“为……做好准备”。
4) be prepared for强调准备好的状态。
5) be(get)ready意为“准备好”,着重指准备的结果。
be(get)ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。

21 notice, take notice of, take no notice of
Notice为“无意注意”。
例如:He suddenly noticed that a snake was under the
tree.
Take notice of表示“有意注意”。
例如:Take notice of the snake under the tree.
3)Take no notice of意思是“不理睬”。
例如:He took no notice of what I said.

22 spend,take,pay
1) spend“花费”常用于 Sb.spend(s)some money
(time)on sth.或 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)
(in)doing sth.其主语一般是人。
例如:He spent 20 yuan on the pen.
I spent a week(in)finishing reading the book.
2) take常用于占用或花费“时间”,其句型为:Sth.takes
sb.time 或 It takes sb.time to do sth.
例如:The work will take us two hours. It took me
three days to travel to Beijing.
3) pay“付款、给……报酬”,它可作及物动词也可 作不及
物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型:①Sb.pay(s)
sb.money意为“某 人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个
人多少报酬”。
例如:He pays me fifty yuan a week.
②pay for sth.意为“付……款、给……报酬”。
例如:He has paid for the meal.
③pay money for sth.意为“花多少钱买某物”。
例如:My father paid 40 pounds for the desk.

23 add; add to; add…to; add up to
1) add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作
不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接
引语连用。
例如:If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water.
After a short while, he added that he would try his best.
2) add to意为“增添,增加,增进”。
例如:The bad weather added to our difficulties.
3) add...to意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后
一项之后或之中。
例如:Add two to seven, and you will get nine.
4) add up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”,该短语不
用于被动语态。
例如:All his school education added up to no more than
one year.

24 agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that
1) agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。
例如:The building of a new car factory was agreed on
last month.
2) agree to有两层含义和用法:
A 其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,
作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.
B 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建
议等一类的名词或代词”。
例如:They have a greed to our plan.
3) agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人
的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或 “说的话”的名词或
从句。
例如:He agreed with my opinions.
We agreed with what he said at the meeting.
4) agree that作“认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句。例如:
I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的
这篇作文写得不错。


英 语 近 义 词
- 4 -

25 allow;let
二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重:
1) allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。
例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.
Will you allow me to use your bike?
2) let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与al low
互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作
“让”解时,常含“祈使” 或“建议”之意。注意:let之后
作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。
例如: Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me
to walk with you.)
注:allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing
sth.结构中。

26 argue debate dispute
都含“辩论”的意思。
1) argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”,
例如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to
listen to reason.
2) debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思,
例如:We have been debating about the issue.
3) dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解
决”之意,
例如:Whether he will be elected as chairman is still
disputed.

27 argue;quarrel;discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。
1) argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人
“争论”或“辩论”。
例如:We heard them arguing in the other room.
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,
其后接事物。
例如:We argued with them about this problem for a
long time.
2) quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争
吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连
用,其后接某事。
例如:He often quarrels about their housework with his
wife.
3) discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。
例如:We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.

28 attack assail assault charge beset
都含有攻击的意思。
1) attack 是常用词, 指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人

例如:Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in
1941.
2) assail 指猛烈连续地攻击
例如:The enemy plane assailed our defence position.
3) assault 语气比 assail强, 指突然猛烈地进攻暗
示武力的直接接触如肉搏等), 也有暴力的意思,
例如:The enemy assaulted us at dawn.
4) charge 指冲击或骑兵的突然攻击
例如:The cavalry charged to the front.
5) beset 指围攻即从各个方向攻击,
例如:In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes.

29 believe;believe in
1) believe作及物动词时,其后可 跟名词,表示“相信”;
后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。
例如:I believe what he says. I believe that he
will succeed.
2) believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,表示“ 信奉;信
仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和
“信任(have trust in)”
例如:They believe in God. I believe in having
plenty of exercise.
3) believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词,
但含义不同。
试比较:I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy
man).我信任他。
I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的话。

30 be known as; be known for; be known to; be
known in
1) be known as 意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表
示一个人的身份、职业等。
例如:Liu Huan is known as a singer.
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.
2) be known for 意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表
示某人或物的特点、特长等。
例如:Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and
rivers.
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop
concerts on the same day.
3) be known to “为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的
词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。
例如:He is known to all in our village.
He was known to have invented many things.=It was
known that he had invented many things.
英 语 近 义 词
- 5 -
4) be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。
例如:He is well-known in the town where he was born.

31 be made of/be made in/be made from/be made
by/be made up of
1) be made of表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,
只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。
34 bring on;bring in;bring out
1) bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。
如:Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks
up the dishes after meals.
The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again.
2) bring in 引来;引进;吸收。
例如:His new business brings in 1,000 dollars.We also
2) be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某
物何时制造的或何时产的 ”。当后面接指地点的名词
时,表示“某地产某物”。
3) be made from表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,
发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。
4) be made by表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名词或
代词,强调动作的执行者。
5) be made up of表示“由……构成(组成)”,强调主语
由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。

32 blame; scold
1) blame“责备;责怪”,指某人应对 自己不好的行为负
责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人
(常与on或upo n连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人
来评判某事,没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。
例如:He blamed Tom for the failure. Don't
blame it on him, but on me.
2) scold“责骂”,指唠唠叨叨地数说某人,多用于上级
对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。
例如:Don't scold the child.It's not his fault.
I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at
night.

33 break up; break down; break out; break into; break
in; break away; break through
1) break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破
裂”。
2) break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、
“破坏”、“拆毁”。
3) break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。
4) break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打
断(谈话、讨论)”“突然……起来”。
5) break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”,其中in是副
词。
6) break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革
除”、“戒除”,常与from连用。
7) break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出
现”、“突破”。


brought in some words from English.
3) bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。
例如:He brought out his gun and pointed at me.
Bring out the meaning more clearly.
They have brought out a set of children’s books.

35 catch sb.doing sth; be (get) caught in sth.
1) catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”
解。
例如:The policeman caught two men fighting in the
street.
The man was caught stealing the apples.
2) be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。
例如:I got caught in the traffic
I was caught in a storm on my way to school.

36 care about; care for; care; care to
1) care about“关心;计较;在乎”,指由于某事重要,
或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。
例如: He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't
care about going there.
2) care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”
讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。
例如: Who will care for your children when you are
away﹖
Would you care for a walk?
He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything
else.
3) care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。
例如: I don't care who you are. I don't care
what you say
4) care to“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。
例如: I don’t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。

37 carry off; carry away; carry out, carry on
1) 表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carry off或carry away均可。
但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖
赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。
例如:After destroying the village, the enemy carried off
/away all the cattle.
英 语 近 义 词
- 6 -
We were carried away by her songs.
2) carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或
义务等)”。
例如:Would you please carry out the desk into the
garden﹖
You must carry out your duty.
3) carry out; carry on
A 注意两者的区别:carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry
on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。
例如:The group of soldiers carried out a secret military
action the other day.
Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight
against war under conditions of fascism at that time.

38 think o,think about,think over
这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同
1)think of多用来指“想起,认为”。
例如:Last night,before I went to bed,I thought of my
parents.
What do you think of that book?
2) think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思
考”。
例如:Think about what you have done!想想你所做的
这一切吧!
3) think over意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考”。

39 put; place; lay
三个词都能作“放”解,细微的差别在于:
1) put常指把某物弄到某个地方,并把它留在那里。
例如:Please put the umbrella behind the door.
2) place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。
例如:She placed the table in the middle of the room.
3) lay常指把某物平放在某处。
例如:She laid the table for lunch.她摆好桌子准备吃
饭。
*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。
例如:He has lied since his childhood.
A lie(vi.) lay-lain- lying 躺;位于。
例如:He lay on the floor, reading a book.
B lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;搁。
例如:He laid the book on the table.

40 come up; come on; come out
1) come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;
芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”例如:The seeds
haven’t come up. Your question came up at the
meeting.
2) come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也
可表示“来临、袭击”。
例如:I can feel a headache coming on.
3) come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出
版”;“结果是”。
例如:When will her new book come out﹖
The answer to the math problem came out wrong.

41 complete; finish
1) finish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或
不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面
可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式 。
例如:Have you finished your work﹖
He finished writing the letter last night.
2) com plete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用
来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书
籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定
式。
例如:He’s never completed a project on time. The
bridge is not completed yet.
3) 表示完成学业 、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结
构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。
例如:He finished school in 1991. The wood-
work is beautifully finished.
注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a
book意为“看完一本书”。

42 compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to
1) compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者
间的区别。
例如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find
the differences between them.
2) compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间
的相似点。
例如:This song compares our country to a big family.
3) compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及
物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare with…形式出
现,表示“与……相比”。
例如:Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai
If you compare the two words, you can tell the
difference between them
4)compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意
义基本相同,可互换。
例如:Compared to/with him, you are lucky.
It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is
now.

英 语 近 义 词
- 7 -
43 search; search for; look for
1) se arch用作及物动词,后跟“人”时,意为“搜身”;后
跟地点名词时,表示“对某地进行搜查”。也 可在宾语
后加for短语,表示搜查具体目标。
例如: The policemen searched everyone at the party.
The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but
they failed.
2) search for意为“寻找”,可视为是search...for的省
略式,此时search为不及物动词。
例如:She searched for her lost cat everywhere,but
failed.
另外,search用作名词,常构成短语:in one’s search for
相当于in search of, 后者search前不用冠词或人称代
词。
例如:They went out in their search for food.=They
went out in search of food.
3) look for意为“寻找”,但没有search for注意力集中,
地点名词不可直接跟在look后作宾语,其前需加介词。
例如: What are you looking for on the playground﹖ 你
在操场上找什么呢?

44 damage; destroy; ruin
这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:
1) damage意为“损坏、破坏”。 它可用于表示损坏或破
坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,
这种损坏是部分性的 ,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,
还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时
该词也 用于借喻。
例如:The car was not damaged badly in the accident,
but five people were seriously hurt.
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long
illness.
What they said and did damaged the relations between
the two countries.
2) damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。
例如:The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.
3) destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程
度非常严重的“毁坏”,一 般情况下不可以修复再用。
另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽
象的东西。
例如:The big fire destroyed the whole house.
The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the
end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the
power of people.
4) ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指
把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
例如:My new coat is ruined. The rain will ruin the
crops.
I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man

45 search;search for; search…for;in search of
1) search vt.search sb.搜某人的身;search a place 搜
某个地方。
如:The policeman is searching a thief.那警察正在搜小
偷的身。
2) search for sb./sth.搜寻、寻找某人、某物。
如:They searched for that man everywhere.他们到处
寻找那个人。
3) search…for sb./sth.搜……寻找某人、某物。
如:They searched the woods for a lost child.他们在树
林里搜寻一个丢失的孩子。
4) insearch of中的search为名词,意为“寻找;寻求”。
如:They went to Australia in search of gold.他们去澳
大利亚寻找金子。

46 discover;invent;find;find out
1) invent意为“发明”,指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明
/创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。
例如:Who invented the telephone? He invented
a new teaching method.
2) find意为“找到、发现”,指找到或发现自己所需要的
东西或丢失的东西,着重指找到的结果。
例如:We've found oil under the South Sea. They
finally found a way.
3) discover意为“发现”, 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现
客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即 指发现原来客观存
在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的
事物的新的性质或用途。
例 如:Columbus discovered America in1492. We
soon discovered the truth.
4) find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。

47 disgrace dishonor shame infamy scandal
都含“丢人”、“耻辱”的意思。
1) disgrace 指“失去别人的尊敬”、“因自己或别人的行
为所产生的耻辱感”,
例如: He was in disgrace after his ungentlemanly
behavior.
2) dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”,
例如: His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his
family.
3) shame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”,
例如I think it a shame to be so wasteful.
5) infamy指“声名狼藉”、“臭名昭著”,
英 语 近 义 词
- 8 -
例如:His name will live in infamy.
6) scandal指“引起公愤的行为”、“丑事”,
例如:Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的
秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。

48 fall off;fall down;fall onto;fall into
1) fall off用作及物动词,表示“从……上落下,掉下,摔
下”。
例如:The house moved and a few pictures fell off the
wall,but that was all.
He had fallen off a ladder and hurt his leg.
注意:有时,它也可用作不及物 动词,表示“落下,掉
下,脱落”;也可表示“减少,越来越少”。
例如:I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall
off.
His supporters were falling off.
2) fall down通常用作不及物动词,表示“(人)跌倒,
摔倒,绊倒”或“(房屋等) 倒塌”。例如:The old lady
fell down in the street and broke her leg.
3) fall onto意为“掉到……上”,其中onto为介词,也可
用to。
例如:The books fell off the desk onto/to the
ground. 书从桌上掉到了地上。
4) fall into意为“掉到……里陷入(困难)”等,into是介
词。
例如:fall into the river 掉进河里

49 reply;answer
1) 二者均可表示“回答”,可作名词和动词。answer 为
一般用语,主要用于对问题 、指责等的回答;reply的
用法较正式,多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性
回答。二者 作名词时都指“……的答案或答复”,均与 to
连用。
例如:Answer this question. I asked her the reason,
but she didn’t reply.
I received no reply / answer to my request.
2) answer 后面可直接跟宾语,而reply 跟宾语时须与
to 连用;answer 可表示对电话、敲门等作出的“应答”,
reply 则不能。
例如:You must reply to/answer this letter right
away. Who answered the telephone?
3) 如果是指练习题的“答案”,一般用 answer。
例如:The answer to 6×10 is 60.

50 persuade do sth.; advise do sth.; try to
persuade sb.to do sth.
1) persuade sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人干某事”,其
结果是成功的(即成功地说服某人干某事)。
例如:Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at
last.
2) advise sb.to do sth.意为“劝说某人干某事”,其结
果可能是劳而无功(即“说”而未“服”)。例如:She
advised her parents to give up smoking, but they
wouldn’t listen.
3) try to persuade sb.to do sth.意为“尽力说服某人干
某事”,相当于advise sb.to do sth。
例如:I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I
failed.

51 get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee
(from)
这几个词均可表示“逃”
1) escape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”,强调结果;
2) get away from及run away from表示“逃”的动作或行
为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中;
3) flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选
用时根据上下文的含义来定。
例如: The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟逃
出鸟笼了。
He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire.他从火
灾中逃出来了。
He fled (from) the burning house.他从燃烧的房子中逃
出。
4) 另外,表示“从某处抽身”,一般用get away from。
例如: I’m afraid she can’t get away from the
meeting. 我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。

52 give up; give in; give out
1) give up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃,
可用作及物动词,跟 名词或v-ing作宾语;也可作不
及物动词;
2) give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等,而按别人
的要求去做,一般作不及物动词;
3) give out意为“用完;耗尽;体力不支”,是不及物动
词。
例如:The wind was strong and the waves were big,so he
had to give up attempting/his attempt to swim the
channel.
All the girls finished the race except two who gave up
half way.
As neither of the two sides would give in,the agreement
fell through.
After a long journey,my strength gave out and couldn’t
walk any farther.
英 语 近 义 词
- 9 -

53 glance; stare; glare
1) 这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”,
是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾
语。
例如:1) He glanced at his watch.
2) She glanced down the list of names.
2) stare意为“凝视”,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通
常接介词at才能接宾语。
例如:She stared at him in surprise. He was staring
out to the sea.
3) glare意为“怒视;瞪眼”,也是不及物动词,其后要
接介词at后才能接宾语。
例如:They stood glaring at each other.他们互相怒目
而视地站着。

54 go on to do sth;go on doing sth.;go on with sth.
这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思,但在含义上有所
不同。
1) go on to do sth.表示“接着做另一件事”,即接下去
做与原来不同的一件事
2) go on doing sth…表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后
继续做原来没有做完的事”;
3) go on with sth.表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的
事”,其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下,go on doing
sth.和go on with sth.可互换。
例如:After they had read the text,the students went on
to do the exercises.
The students went on talking and laughing all the way.

55 hand down;hand in;hand over;hand out ; by
hand ;hands up
1) hand down作“把……传下来”解。
例如:knowledge, customs and memories were handed
down by the elders of the race.
The story was handed down from one generation to
another.
2) hand in为“把……交上来” 、“交给”、“递交”之意。
例如:Time is up.Hand in your examination papers.
3) hand over作“转交”或“移送”解。
例如:Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou.
The thief was handed over to the police.
4) hand out为“散发”之意。
例如:When I got to the classroom the teacher had
already begun handing out the test papers.
5) hands up表示“举起手来”;
6) by hand表示“用手”、“手工”,是介词短语,作方式
状语。

56 hurt; injure; wound; cut
1) hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害(可被badly,
slightly, seriously等修饰),也可指精神上、感情上的伤
害(被very much/rather/deeply修饰),多指伤痛。
例如:I hurt my leg badly in the football match. He
felt rather hurt at your words.
2) injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、
容貌等,强调功能的损失。
例如:A bullet injured his left eye.
3) woun d指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、
严重的伤,尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。
例如:The thief wounded him with a knife. You have
wounded his pride.
4) cut指无意中造成的轻伤。
例如:How did you get that cut on your hand﹖

57 knock…into;knock into;knock down;knock at/
on
1) knock…into…意为“把……插/撞/敲/打入……中”。
例如:Then they knocked a stick into the earth.
2) knock into意为“撞在……上”。into是介词,只能位于
其宾语前。
例如:Look out!Don’t knock into others.
3) knock down意为“ 撞倒、打倒”。down为副词,宾语
是名词时,down可位于名词前或后宾语是人称代词
时 ,down必须位于宾语后。
例如:The car knocked the house down(=knocked down
the house).
Be careful with the little trees.Don’t knock them down.
4) knock at/on意为轻轻而有节奏地“敲”。它常用来表
示“敲门/窗”等。
例如:Who is knocking at the door﹖ Knock on the
window pane; they may be in.

58 live on; live by raise; keep; support; feed
这几个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思,但也有
区别。
1) raise意为“抚养(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”
之意。
如:He raised the children himself;his wife died years
ago.他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯
大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊从小
羊羔时就是他喂养的。


英 语 近 义 词
- 10 -
2) keep表示“养活(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”。
如:John has his wife and six children to keep
(support).约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs.他们养了一些鸡和猪。
3) support意为“养活”,不用于饲养动物。
如:She supports her old mother.她赡养老母亲。
He has a large family to support.他要养活一大家子。
4) feed意为“喂养 ;饲养;以……为食”。
如:Have you fed the baby/cow yet?婴儿/牛喂了
吗?
sb./sth.时,两者含义不同:happen to sb./sth. 指
不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上;occur to sb./
sth. 指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”。
3) take place 表示“发生”,可与 happen 或occur换用,
但其后面一般不接 to sb./sth.结构;指必然会发生
的事情时,多用 take place;此外take place 还可表示
“举行某种活动”。
例如:He happened to know the place. When
did the earthquake occur/happen?
Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it?
She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on
meat.她用肉喂狗。

Foxes feed on small animals.狐狸以小动物为食。

5) live on意为“以……为主食”;“靠……过活”后接表示“食

物”、“人”、“收入”等的词。

例如:The soldiers lived on wild plants.

The whole family lived on the earnings of the two
sisters.

6) live by意为“靠……(手段)谋生”,后常接表示“获得

经济手段”的名词或- ing形式。

例如:Writers live by their pens while fishermen live by

fishing.


59 manage;try

1) manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意,

指“(经过努力和克服困难之后)将某事做成”,即经

过努力达到了目的,重点在于结果,后接动词不定式,

不接v-ing。

例如:He managed to finish the work in time.

Do you think you can manage to get us some tickets?
2) try to do sth.指“设法或试图”做某事,强调要做某

事或尽力做某事(但不一定成功)。

例如:She will try to learn English. Try not to be late

again.

try doing sth.的意思是“(用某种方法)试一试或试试

看”,指“试”的方法或方式,看看情况会怎样或结果是

否满意。

例如:Try knocking at the back door if nobody answers

you at the front door.

He tried sending her flowers,but it didn’t have any

effect.


60 occur;happen;take place

三者都表示“发生”,都是不及物动词。

1) happen指“偶然发生”时,主语为“事”;当主语是“人”

时,意为“碰巧”。

2) occur 指“发生”时可与 happen 换用,但后接to

In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
英 语 近 义 词
- 11 -
形容词名词及其他近义词:
1 about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍
地”的意思。
1) about 系常用词, 如: look about 四处看。
2) around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look
about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有
about正式, 如: travel around 各处旅行
3) round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般
用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指
“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”,
例如: She turned round at such a noise. I have been
looking for it all around.
另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用
around, [英] Winter comes round. [美] Winter
comes around.

2 above all;after all;at all
1)above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,
常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。
例如:But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.
A clock must above all keeps good time.
2)after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在
句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。
例如:After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.
He is,after all,a small child.
He failed after all.
3)at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于 疑问
句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;
实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说 话人的某种情绪或情感
(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。
例如:He doesn’t like you at all. Are you going to
do it at all?
If you do it at all,do it well. I was surprised at his
coming at all.

3 affair; thing; matter; business
1)affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待
做的事;复数affair s一般指商业事务及政府的日常事
务,如财政管理、外交事务等。
2)thing意为“事情 、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事
均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作< br>“形势”解。
3)matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
4)busin ess作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,
常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作< br>或商业上的买卖活动。

4 although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。
although用法较正式,语气较强;tho ugh较常用;as
则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
1)状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前
不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet
或still等副词。although 与though常可互换。
例如:Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not
act他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。
2 )as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表
语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。thoug h也可这么用。
例如:Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。
例如:Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign
languages
3) though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不
能。
例如:They said they would come; they did not, though
although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可
以说even though“即使”以
although“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as
although。
例如:I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in
plain clothes.

5 among/between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。be tween常用于
两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指
三个以上人或物中的 每两个之间时,仍然要用
between。
例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.
She is the tallest among her classmates.
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and
Germany.

6 argue;quarrel;discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。
1)argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他
人“争论”或“辩论”。
例如:We heard them arguing in the other room.
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,
其后接事物。
例如: We argued with them about this problem for a
long time.
2)quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争
吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连
用,其后接某事。

英 语 近 义 词
- 12 -
例如:He often quarrels about their housework with his
wife.
3)discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。
例如:We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.

7 as (so) far as; as (so) long as
1)as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so)
far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就
某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语
从句。
例如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off
workers have found their new jobs.
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we
keep on trying to do it.
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a
long way to go.

8 asleep/sleeping
二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表 语,不能作定语,
表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定
语,放在名 词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。
例如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping
baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。
再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕
着手臂在熟睡。
a sleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车
sleeping bag睡袋

9 as though;even though;though
1)as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式
状语从句或表语从句。
例如:He spoke as though(as if)he had been here
before.
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.
2)even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状
语从句。th ough也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;
even though有退一步设想的意味,与tho ugh不同。
though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的
句子所说的则不一定是事实。
例如:He will not tell the secret even though(even if)
he knows it.
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.

10 at the beginning;in the beginning
1)at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与
of连用。
例如:Students usually have a study plan at the beginning
of term.
2)in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”
时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之< br>意,不与of连用。
例如:In the beginning,some of us took no interest in
physics.

11 at the age of,by the age of
1)at the age of表示“在……岁时”,后面接基数词,强
调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时 间
状语。
例如:At the age of six,he began to learn English.
She learned to play the piano at the age often
2)by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“ 在……岁以前”,
后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过
去完成时或将来完成时, 作时间状语。
例如:By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a
car.
You will have learned more than 2000 English words by
the age of fourteen.

12 at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
1)at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发
生的“当时”、“那时”。
例如:Many people saw the strange thing happen at the
time.
有时,at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时,它
表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或
“在……的时代”。
例如:Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big
earth quake in 1989﹖
It happened at the time of King Alfred.
2)at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、
时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。
例如:In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet
and Sichuan.At that time
(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang
River was becoming very crowded.
3)at one time=during a period of time in the past意为
“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。
例如:They used to be good friends at one time.
4)at a time则意为“一次”, 表示一个时间单位。它常
与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:Don’t speak
all at once.One at a time, please.
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a
time


英 语 近 义 词
- 13 -
13 at ... speed / with ... speed
1)at the speed of或者at ... speed,意为“以……的
速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great 等修饰时,介
词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都(all)
以闪电般(lig htning)大(great)的速度行驶。
例如:Our car was running with all speed on the
expressway.
The Long March No.2 Rocket sent up the satellite into
space at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second.

14 besides;except;but
三者都可以 用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but
意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为 “除……外(还
有)”。
请比较: All of them have seen the film except/but Wu
Dong
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.
1)except后接名词、代 词、-ing或不定式时,可以
与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不
能 为but所替换。
如:I’ll do everything except/but cook.
This window is never opened except in summer.
注意:用在否定句中,三者可以互换。
如:There aren’t any other people to do the work except
/but/besides you.

15 be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about be
anxious that
1)be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定
式符号,后面接动词原形;
2)be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,
强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do
sth.时,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sb.to do
sth.是不定式复合结构。
3)be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、
“为…忧虑”; be anxious that表示“渴望”,后面接从
句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;
练习:①I ____ the result of the examination.
②We ____ know the result of the examination.
③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English.
④Mr Li ____ a new car.
⑤They ____ arrive home before dark.
答案:①am anxious about/for ②are anxious to ③
are anxious for ④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)
1) The girl ____ a new dictionary.
2) All the students ____ their results of this
examination.
3) Everyone _____ know their results of the
competition.
4) We ___Mr Zhao to return.
5) We _____ she should do her best.
答案: 1) was/is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3)
is anxious to 4)are anxious for 5) are anxious that

16 be known as; be known for; be known to; be
known in
1)be known as 意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表
示一个人的身份、职业等。
例如:Liu Huan is known as a singer.
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.
2)be known for 意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表
示某人或物的特点、特长等。
例如:Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and
rivers.
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop
concerts on the same day.
3)be known to “为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人
的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。
例如:He is known to all in our village.
He was known to have invented many things.
=It was known that he had invented many things.
4)be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。
例如:He is well- known in the town where he was born.

17 be made of/be made in/be made from/be made
by/be made up of
1)be made of表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,
只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。

2)be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某
物何时制造 的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词
时,表示“某地产某物”。
3)be made from表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,
发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。
4)be made by表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名词或
代词,强调动作的执行者。
5)be made up of表示“由……构成(组成)”,强调主
语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。
练习:用be made in,be made of,be made from,be
made by或be made up of填空。
①This bike Tianjin. ②This
table wood.
③The car 1999. ④Paper wood.


英 语 近 义 词
- 14 -
⑤The kite my mother. ⑥The team ten members.
答案:was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made
from;was made by;is made up of

18 be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased
to
was pleased with。表示“对……满意;喜欢……”后面通常
接指人的名词或代词。
be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”,其中to
是不定式符号,后面接动词原
be pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示
“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴
后面接指事的名词或v-ing。
练习:1) The manager ___ you before.
2) My boss must ___ see you again in HongKong.
3) I ___ seeing so many students present.
4) I hear Mr Zhao ___ your article.

19 be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth.
1) be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,
后可跟时间状语。
例如:You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
2)be about to do sth.表示打算或安排即将发生的动
作,它通常不与时间状语连用。
例如:I was about to go out when someone knocked at
the door.我正要出去,这时有人敲门。
3)be going to do sth.有三层含义:
①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。
例如:We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this
year.
②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。
例如:I'm going to be twenty next month.
③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。
例如:Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a
storm.

20 blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over
blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹进”、
“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blow over
表示“暴风雨吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。
练习:1) The high winds yesterday _____
thousands of trees.
2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon ____
3) I had my hat ____ by the wind.
4) A lot of dust ____.You must clear it away.
答案:1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has
blown in

21 because,since,as,for
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,
1)as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从
句,for是并列连词,所引导的 不是原因状语从句,而
是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说
明。在语气上由强至 弱依次为because→since→as→for。
because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直 接的原因或理
由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why
的提问时,必须用bec ause作答。
例如:We stayed at home because it rained.
2)as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十
分明显的原 因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、
由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,
一般可译为“既然”。例如:As he was not feeling well,
I decided to go there alone.
Since everyone is here,let's start.
3)for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所
叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙
述的事实或看法的补充说明。
例如:There must be nobody in the classroom,for the
light is off.

22 merely; only; just
1)这三个词作副词表示 “仅、只”可以换用,并且都
放在它们所修饰的成分之前,merely的用法较正式。
例如:Instead of answering,she merely/only/just
smiled.
She’s come here just/only/merely to see you.

2)作形容词时, only表示“仅有的”;mere表示“仅仅的、
单单的”;just意为“公正的”。
例如:a just man 光明正大的人 Mere words
won’t help.
They were the only people who had the keys.

23 broad; wide
两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意,
broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽),
还可表示“宽宏大量”;
wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。
例如:Looking at the new-type camera, the young man
with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide
open.
He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be disappointed
by such a small failure.


英 语 近 义 词
- 15 -
24 but/however
这两个连词都有“但是,可是,然而”之意。
1)but连接 两个分句或有关部分,表示转折或逻辑上
的对比关系,使用最广,口语中更为常见。
例如:We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我们
热爱和平,但我们并不害怕战争。
2)however转折意味比but弱, 连接的两个分句或有
关部分的关系较为松弛,后一部分常起附带说明或衬
托作用。howeve r常以插入语形式出现在句子中间,
前后用逗号隔开,也可置于句首或句末。
例如:Later,however,he decided to go.

25 by oneself;oneself
1)by oneself=alone,without help。强调“在无他人或
他物的情况下”或“无帮 助的情况下”;2)oneself作同
位语,表示强调本人。
试比较:If you come to my house,I’ll cook for you
myself.
Can you cook by yourself now?

26 by sea;by the sea
1)by sea意为“走海路;坐轮船”,其中by表示乘坐交
通工具或行走方式,by与名词间不可用冠词;
2)by the sea意为“在海边”,其中by表示“在……旁边”,
by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。
例如:They will go to America by sea. There is a small
village by the sea
请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语:
by ship 乘船 by a ship 在一艘轮
船旁边
by land 从陆路 by the land 在岸边(在陆
地旁边)
by taxi 乘出租车 by the taxi 在出租车旁边
by road 从陆路 by the road 在路边

27 affair; thing; matter; business
1)affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较 广,泛指已做或待
做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事
务,如财政管理 、外交事务等。
2)thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事
均称为thi ng,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作
“形势”解。
3)matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
4)business作“事务、事情 ”解时,一般不能用复数,
常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作
或商业上的买卖 活动。
]
28 cause; reason; excuse
1)caus e意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然
原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连 用,表
示因果关系。
例如:I don’t know the cause and effect.
The cause of the fire was carelessness.
2)reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是
真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。
例如:There are many reasons for animals dying out.
Tell us your reason for changing the plan.
3)excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原
因”也就是我 们常说的“借口”。
例如:Too much work is no excuse for absence.
I haven’t done the work well,my excuse is that I have
been ill.

29 close;closely
1)close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,c lose表示
“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、
“密切 地”。
例如:1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the
moonlight.
2) Come close, I want to tell you something important.
3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.
4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.

30 come up; come on; come out
1)come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;
芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。
例如:The seeds haven’t come up.
Your question came up at the meeting.
2)come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也
可表示“来临、袭击”。
例如:I can feel a headache coming on.
3)come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出
版”;“结果是”。
例如:When will her new book come out﹖
The answer to the math problem came out
wrong.

31 common ordinary general
都含“普通的”意思。
1)common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”,
例如:Colds are common in winter.
2)ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”,
例如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and

英 语 近 义 词
- 16 -
milk.
3)general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”,
例如:This book is intended for the general reader, not
for the specialist.
4)normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
例如:the normal temperature of the human body

32 trip;journey;travel;tour
1)trip是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或
观光旅行。
例如:We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside
during our vacation.
2)journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指
旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。
例如:He made a long journey from Beijing to London.
3)travel泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无
路程的含义。
例如:He came home after five years of travel.
4)tour常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原
出发地之意。
例如:Confucius began to make his tour among the
states.

33 country; nation; state; land
1)country意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。
例如:China is a great country with a long history.
注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本
组中的任何 一个词,有时作“祖国”解,
带有感情色彩。
例如:After many years abroad, he wanted to return to
his country.
Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than
others.
2)nation意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民
族。
例如:The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.
注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比
country常用。
例如: the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of
nations 国际公法
a most favored nation 最惠国
Trade between nations is much better than war
3)state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。
例如:In our country, railways are state-owned.
4)land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文
学作品中。
例如:This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life!

34 cross; across; crossing
1)cross作动词用时,意思是“横过”。
例如:They are crossing the river. The idea has just
crossed my mind.
2)cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。
3)across可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。
例如:They pushed the cart across the bridge. The post
office is across the street.
crossing意为“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”。
例如:They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字
路口。

35 daily; everyday; every day
1)daily用作名词意为“日报” 如:China Daily《中国日
报》用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同
everyday。
2)everyday意为“每日的、日常的”,在句中作定语。
everyday English=daily English日常英语;everyday life
=daily life日常生活。
3)every day(分开写)意为“每天”,在句中作状语。
例如:He comes here every day.=He comes here
daily.他每天来这儿。

36 damp wet dank moist humid
都含潮湿的意思。
1)damp指轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的
例如:I don't like damp weather.
2)wet 指含水分或其他液体的、湿的
例如:be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。
3)dank 指阴湿的
例如:a dark dank and chilly cave。
4)moist指微湿的、湿润的常含不十分干, 此湿
度是令人愉快的意思,
例如:Grasses were moist with dew.
5)humid为正式用语, 常表示空气中湿度大的
例如:In the east, the air is humid in summer.

37 day by day; day after day
1)day by day意为“一天一天地”,“逐日”,表示事情的
逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。例如:It's getting
colder day by day.
The boy is getting better day by day.
2)day after day意为“ 日复一日”、“一天又一天”,表示
一个重复(周而复始或循环重复)的动作或事件。该
短语可 作主语和状语。
例如:Day after day went by, and still no message

英 语 近 义 词
- 17 -
arrived.
I have to do the work day after day.

38 ever before;ever since;ever after
1)ever since意为“从……之后一直”,其中的since既可
作 副词,也可作连词,该短语与完成时连用。有时ever
可以省略。
2)ever befo re意为“比以往任何时候”,其中的before
为副词,常与比较级连用并放在than之后。ev er用来
加强before的语气,before有时可以省略。
3)ever after意为“从那以后”,其中的after可作连词,
也可作副词,该短语常与过去时连用。
练习:1.He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there _
___.
2.The flowers grow more beautiful than ____.
3.The couple lived a hard life ____.
答案: since 2.ever before 3.ever after

39 except,but
二者意思均为: 除……之外。except强调所除外的人
(或事物);而but则将重点置于其他人(或事物)。
例如:We all passed the exam except Tom.
Nobody knew her name but me
1)except前常有al l,any,every,no及其复合词等;
but也常与no,nobody,nothing,a ll,anywhere等词
连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式和原
形动词, 可以互换;但except后还可跟副词、介词短
语等,此时,不能用but来代替。
例如:He answered all the questions except/but the last
one.
He has always been in high spirits except recently.
The window is never opened except in summer.
2)except,but用于否定句时,可以互换。
例如:There aren't any other people to be considered
except/but you.

40 festival,holiday,vacation
1)festival指盛大的节日,或定期在某地举行的主题节
日;如音乐节等。 2)holiday源自“holy”,原意为“神圣的日子”,或指国
家或民族规定的节日。后词 意扩展,指一切不工作的
日子。
3)vacation任何节假日或休息日,持续时间较 长,主
要用于美国。在英国,则着重指法院和大学的假期。
练习:A.The Spring ___ is the most important day
in China.
B.Will you spend your ___abroad this year?
C.While I’m away on ___,Mr Smith will take over
my job.
答案:A. Festival ysvacation on

41 finally;at last;in the end
本组词语均有“终于”之意,但有区别。
1)finally的用法有二用来表示某一动作发生的顺序是
在“最后”。
例如:Finally,turn off the lights and lock the door.
是用在句中动词前,表示等了好久“终于……”。
例如:We waited and waited,and finally they arrived.
2)at last是表示经过一番曲折或努力之后某事才发生,
强调其结果,其语气和感情色彩较强。
例如:At last the project has been completed and we can
rest.
3)in the end用法有二:*表示经过若干周折或努力而
“最后”发生了某事。
例如:We did experiment after experiment,and in the
end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.
注意:表示预测未来(而finally和at last无此用法)。
例如:He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher in the
end.

42 for example;such as;like
1)such as用来举例说明,通常放在被列举的事物的前
面以及需要说明的事物的后面。
2)for example常用来补充说明,表示在众多的例子中
仅仅取一、二加以说明、解释。
3)like是介词,意为“像”。
练习:1.Many books on English study,____ School
English are popular among school students.
2.Some students,Wang Lin,____ like country
music very much.
3.I’m going to be a pop star ____ Michael
Jackson.
答案:1.such as 2.for example 3.like

43 habit, practice, custom, convention。
1)habit指个人的“习惯”,通常用于表示做事、思考问
题或 行为举止的不自觉的方式方法
例如:That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back
to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
2)practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”,
这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择
性的行为或者方法
例如:On the other hand, your stomach would turn at
the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat——the normally

英 语 近 义 词
- 18 -
accepted practice in many northern countries.
3)custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义,此外,
46 increase(decrease)…by;increase(decrease)…to
1)increase,decrease搭配时,by表示数量增加或减
custom 还包 含这样一层意思:长期而广泛采用的行为
或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其
行 为的准则或规范,它不仅有指导意义,而且具有必
须遵循的意义
例如:Don't be a slave to custom.
From the moment of his birth the customs into which he
is born shape his experience and behaviour.
4)convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词,它的含义
为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法
例如:They disregard social conventions without being
conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.


44 identical,alike,resemble
1)identical adj.指同 一个人或物时,表示“同一的”,
可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时,
表示 “完全一样的”。
2)alike adj.常作表语,表示在外表、性格或品质
等方面几乎相同。
3)resemble v.指看起来象。
练习:A.After the earthquake the city ___ a battle
field.
B.The interests of both parties mayn ot be ____,
but they do overlap considerably.
C.You and your father don’t look very much ____.
D.This gun is ____ to the one which the murderer
used.
答案:A. resembled B. identical C. alike D.
identical

45 illness;sickness;disease
1)disease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病,可
引申为某种“弊端”,如:heart disease “心脏病”;
disease of society“社会弊端”等。
2)sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英
国,用法有些区别:sickness 多用来指恶心、呕吐之
类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病;
3)illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾
病。在时间上,短时的病痛多用 sickness,较长时间
的病痛多用 illness。
例如:He suffered from mountain sickness.
The child has suffered from illness for two years.
Rough seas caused much sickness among the
passengers.

少的幅度,即在原有的基础上“增加或减少了多少”;to
则表示“增加或减少到多少”。
试比较:The production cost of these trucks has
decreased by one third compared to last year.
The population of India has increased to one billion

47 in all; at all; after all
1) in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。
例如:There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are
25,000 Inuit.)
2)after all意为“毕竟”。表示“和预期相反 ”常放在句末;
用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由,一般放在
句首。后者也可译为“要记 住,别忘了”。
例如:I thought he was going to help us, but he didn’t
after all.
After all your birthday is only two weeks away. 别忘了,
再过两周就是你的生日了。
3)at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中,
以加强语气,意为“根本;竟然”。
例如:I don’t agree with you at all.
I was surprised at his coming at all.

48 in the morning;on the morning of
按英语的习惯用法,in the morning(afternoon/
evening)表示“在早上(下午)晚上”之意,而on the
morning(afternoon/evening)of则表示“在某个具体
的 一天的早上(下午/晚上)”之意,
试比较:1)He often reads English and Chinese in the
morning. 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。
2)At 5∶13 on the morning of April 18th,1906,the city
of San Francisco was shaken
by a terrible earthquake.

49 in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way
1)in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。
例如:Tell the boy not to stand in the way.
2)in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way
前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。
例如:He worked out the problem in a simple way.
In this way over several days the artist and his mouse
became good friends.
注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,
意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某一点上)”。
例如: The article is well written in a way.
3)in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。


英 语 近 义 词
- 19 -
例如:They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫
无相似之处。
4)on the way 意为“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在
去某地或做某事的路上”。
例如:He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.

50 late; lately; later; latest
1)late可作形容词或副词,意为“迟(的);晚(的)”。
例如:He often comes late for school. They were late for
the film.
2) lately是副词,意为“最近;近来”相当于recently,
常与现在完成时连用。
例如:I haven’t heard from him lately.
3)late r为late的比较级,意为“较迟的(地)”。另外,
还可用作副词,意为“后来”。
例如:He goes home later than anybody. See you
later.
4)latest为late的最高级,意为“最迟的(地)”;也
相当于newest,意为“最新的”。
例如:I go to bed latest in the family. Here is the latest
news from a broad.

51 like;as
1)二者都可以用作连词,作“像…… 一样”解,但like多
用于非正式的美国英语里,as用于较为正式的场合。
此外as从句中 的谓语部分可以省略,而like从句中则
不能省略谓语。
例如:Please do the experiment as Mr Li(does).
The fish doesn’t taste like(as)it should.
2)二者用作介词时,a s强调同类属或完全像,往往指
本身就是;like侧重于比较,本身不是。
例如:He works like a waiter. He works as a waiter.

52 likely; probable; possible
这三个词都表示“可能”
possible和probable是形容词,只能修饰事、物;
likely既是形容词 又是副词,可以修饰物,也可以修饰
人。同时likely语气最强,probable
次之,possible最弱。
例如:The USA is likely to carry out another attack on Iraq
with the excuse of fighting terrorism.
It’s possible but not probable / likely that he will stick
to his incorrect proposal.

53 living alive live 意思都含“活的”。
1)living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”
例如:Shelly was still living when Keats died. 济慈死
时, 雪莱还在世。
2)alive 指“活着的”、“在世的”, 着重于状态, 它用作
表语, 或放有名词或代词后作定语,
例如:The spy was caught alive though he died from
wounds the next day.
3)live 只用于物, 指“活的”, 如:a live rat一只活鼠。

54 meeting; conference; gathering; party
1)meeting可以用于两人或多人,表示偶然的或拟 定
的,短暂的或持续的聚会。它的用途很广,可用于日
常普通场合,也可用于特殊的或官方的正 式场合。
例如:The students had a class meeting last Friday.
The summit meeting of the state heads came to an end
two days later.
2)conferen ce指专门性的正式会议,常用于就某个重
大问题进行专门研究或交换意见的讨论会、协商会等。
例如:Many reporters came to attend the press
conference.
The annual conference of geologists will be held in
Chicago this year.
3)gathering一般指非正式的集会,常用于群众性的活
动(像联欢会等)
例如:A public gathering was held in Zhongshan Park on
May Day.
4)party指社交性或娱乐性的集会。
例如:Mary and I were invited to Jane’s birthday party
the other day.
Mr.Brown gave a dinner party last Thursday.

55 one another;each other
两者均表示“互相;彼此”,为代词,仅作动词或介词
的宾语,不作其它成分。两者虽可换用,但each other
多用于两者之间的关系,one another多用于三者或三
者以上之间的情况。例如:We both see each other at
the office every day.
The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another.
They hate each other/one another.

56 one's own/oneself
1)如属于句子主语的“身内之物”(包括穿戴之物)或
思想范畴内的东西,通常用one's own。
例如:He cut his own hand.他割了自己的手。
I won't believe you until I've seen you in the jar with
my own eyes.
one's own有时可指代前面提到过的同类事物。
例如:I don't need to borrow your pen.I've got my own.
2)oneself: 反身代词,强调句子主语发出的动作的承


英 语 近 义 词
- 20 -
受者就是主语“自身”,即主语本身就是动作的承受者。
例如:The little child cannot look after himself.

The girl put on her new clothes and looked about herself
in the mirror.
3)oneself一般不作定语,而one's own则可以作定语。
3) way意 为“道路”,指street,road或任何可以通行的
路,含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。 way还可指
路程距离。
例如:How can I get there? I don't know the way.
I asked the way to the station.
It was a long way from here.
例如:This is myself's book.(×) This is my own
book.(√)

57 particular; especial; special
1)particular着重指同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的
事 例,是相当“一般”而言的“特殊”、“特定”。
例如: On that particular day the stores are closed.
2)special和especial都有“特殊的,特别的”之意。
例如:What are your special interests?
Collecting stamps is a matter of especial interest.
3)不同的是,special还有“专门的,额外的”的意思。
例如: You need a special tool to do that. Take special
care of it.对这东西要特别细心。

58 power force strength 都含力、力量的意思。
1)power 指 身体上、精神上或心理上的力量, 不管
是表现出来的还是潜在的
例如: It's beyond his power.
2)force 指运用或发挥出来的力量, 可以克服阻力,
使人或物按要求方向运动
例如:He did it with a great force. 他用了很大的力才把
它做完了。
3)strength 指内部固有的力量表示物质力量时, 着
重体格或构造健全、完善等方面的力量, 如体力强度
等表示精神力量时, 指持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等

例如:the strength to lift something 举起某物的
力。

59 road,street,way,path
1)road意为“路”,“道路” ,指供车辆或人通过的广阔
平坦的大道,常指“公路”,“马路”等,两侧一般没有建
筑物。
例如:Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.
The car is running along the road.
2)street指城镇、乡村两旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街
上”可以说on the street,也可以说in the street,前者
是美国英语,后者是英国英语。
例如:Go along the street,and take the third turning on
the right.
There are many shops in the street.
4) path通常指“小路、小径”,只供人行走的路,可以< br>是人们践踏而成的路,如山中、林间的羊肠小道;也
可以指公园、田间的小路,还可以指供人或事 物移动
的“路线”等。
例如:They walked along the path across the field.他们
沿着穿越田野的路走去。

60 sometimes/sometime/some time
1) sometimes是个 频度副词,意为“有时”,表示动作发
生的不经常性,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。
例如:Sometimes I have lunch at school.有时我在学校
吃午饭。
2)sometime是个副词,意为“某时”,指 时间上不确定
的某一点,常用于过去时或将来时。例如:I saw him
sometime in July.七月有一天我曾见到过他。
3)some time是个名词短语,意思是“一段时间”,在
句中常与for,take等词连用。如:
例如:I'll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿呆一段
时间。

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