混迹专升本英语作文翻译复习讲义

2021年1月13日发(作者：秦系)
写作——启、承、转、合
启---启动观点 开头段
Nowadays, a heated debate is springing up as to…
With the development of …
承---内容承接 拓展段
首先, 第一: firstly/ above all/ to begin with
其次，第二:secondly/ besides/ in addition/ what’s more/
最后，第三: at last/ the last but not the least
转---语义转折 拓展段
转折：however/ on the contrary/ by contrast/instead
合---总结概括 结尾段
结论：in short/ in brief/ in a word/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ on the basis of the analysis
above, we can draw a conclusion that…
1）起始段写法
一、话题引出段/现象、现状说明段
1. Nowadays/ Currently, there is a great/wide/widespread concern over the issue of…
2. There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of…. Those who object to…
argue that…. But people who favor…, on the other hand, argue that…
3. With the rapid development of science and technology, the quality of our lives is
improving for the better.
4. When it comes to…, people’s notion may vary from one to another/most people
belive that… But other people argue that…
5. Different people have different attitudes towards…Some are in favor of …while
others are against…. As far as I’m concerned, I am inclinded to support the latter
view that…
2）拓展段写法(5种)
一、观点对比段
Currently, opposite views are presented in the debate. Some people firmly believe that….
On the contrary, quite a few people argue that…
二、利弊列举段
Every coin has two sides and this issue is no exception. Above all, … In addition ,…
However, the negative elements should not be neglected.
三、举例论证段
1. For instance
2. Take … for a example
3. A case in point is…
4. The thought-provoking saying can be best illustrated by the following examples.
四、原因列举段
1. Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting
for it.
2. Considering every aspect of the issue, we may attribute the sharp change to three factors.
五、意义阐释段
1. The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to…
2. The fact/ phenomenon that… indicates/ reveals that.
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3）结论段写法(2种)
一、归纳结论段
1. As a result/ consequence,…
2. In conclusion,
3. In my opinion,
4. As far as I am concerned,
5. taking into account all the factors above, we may draw a conclusion that…
6. Trough the above- mentioned analysis, we have no difficulties in drawing the
conclusion that…
7. From the above discussion, we can easily conclude that both proponents and
opponents of…have their respective reasons and justifications. However, as a
supporter/opponent of …, I would like to stand by…/support/ aprove of …
二、预测趋势段
There is no denying that the tendency of increase/decline reflected from the chart will
continue in the future.
作文四大主题题型
一、观点对比型
基本模式：热门话题，利弊共存，观点针锋相对，考生阐述个人见解
Where to Live—In the City or the Country?
Outline: 1. Conveniences of the city 2. Attractions of the country 3. Disadvantages of both 4.
My preference
都市生活优势 发达的教育(advanced level of education) 便捷的交通(convenient
transportation 繁荣的商业(prosperous business) 丰富的文化娱乐(rich cultural life)
Where to Live—In the City or the Country?
乡村生活优势 close to nature, fresh air, quiet and relaxing, idyllic and simple way of life,
carefree
都市生活劣势 polluted, crowded, noisy, pressures, temptations
乡村生活劣势 boring, idle, sluggish, isolated from the outside world, inconvenient daily life
我的选择：自由选择，但是必须声明喜好原因，自圆其说
句型参考：
The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
Obviously, it has both negative effects and positive effects.
There are advantages and disadvantages.
Like anything else, it has its faults.
Nothing can equal
Nothing is more…than
两者相同 A is not…any more than B；The same is true of；A and B have several things in
common；A bears some resemblances to B
两者不同 A…, whereas B…
；
A and B differ in several ways
模板：①When it comes to , different people hold different views ②Some
contend that . ③For one thing, . ④For another, . ⑤In spite of all
these claims, others maintain that ⑥They point out that . ⑦Another
instance cited often is that . ⑧It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the
issue.⑨As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments . ⑩It’s advisable to .
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信息提示：①两种观点针对的争论焦点；②观点一；③观点一的理由1；④观点二的理由2；
⑤与观点一对立的观点二；⑥观点二的理由1；⑦观点二的理由2；⑩个人的结论
二、现象阐释型
基本模式：以阐释现象、分析原因、阐述观点为主
模板一：1. Recently, ___. 2. What amazes us most is ____. 3. It is true that ___. 4. There
are many reasons explaining ____. 5. The main reason is ___. is more, ___. 7. Thirdly,
____. 8. As a result ___.9. Considering all these, ___. 10. For one thing, ____. 11. For another,
____. 12. In conclusion, ____
信息提示：1.描述现象，引起话题 2.表现较为典型的一个方面 3.对于现象做出评论4.
承上启下，解释这一现象的原因 5.说明原因一 6.原因二 7.原因三 8.讲述导致的结果9.作
者的态度 10.观点一 11.观点二 12.总结全文
It Pays to Be Honest
1. Recently, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. 2. What amazes us most is that
a lot of students cheat in exams. 3. It is true that there are dishonest practices in all walks of
life. 4. There are many reasons explaining these dishonest behaviors. 5. The main reason is
that countless people neglect the moral values in pursuit of their own interests. is
more, we lack effective laws and regulations of supervision. 7. Thirdly, a great many
dishonest people can escape punishment. 8. As a result, the problem of dishonesty becomes
very serious. 9. Considering all these, I still want to argue that it pays to be honest in the
long run. 10. For one thing, honesty is a traditional virtue of Chinese. 11. For another, even
dishonest people like making friends with honest people. 12. In conclusion, we should be
honest.
点评：1. 引起主题内容，使用often一词表示这种现象较普遍 2.是第一句的展开句，
说明表现较为典型的一个方面 3.进一步做出结论：不诚实这一现象很普遍4.承上启下，说
明原因 5.指出主要原因：人们在重视自身利益的同时却忽略了道德价值 6.进一步细说原
因：缺乏法规7.说明不诚实现象有症结所在8.讲述导致的结果9. 表述个人的观点，同时也
起到了承上启下的作用10.个人观点的理由一 11.个人观点的理由二 12.总结全文，做人应
该诚实
模板二：1. As is known to all, ___. 2. ___ seem to get accustomed to___. 3. In fact, ___. 4.
The reasons of ___ lie in several aspects. 5. Firstly, ___. 6. Secondly, ___. 7. Thirdly, ____. 8.
Finally, ___.9. As a matter of fact, ___. 10. On the one hand, ____. 11. On the other hand,
____. 12. Therefore, ____
信息提示：1.摆明现象2.讲明事实，空格内填People/ Students等 3.说明发生的实质
变化4.引起下文，讲明原因 5.原因一 6.原因二 7.原因三 8.原因四或总结全段9.说明作者
的观点 10.支持这一观点的理由一 11.理由二 12.得出结论
It Pays to Be Honest
1. As is known to all, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. 2. People seem to get
accustomed to many dishonest behaviors. 3. In fact, there are dishonest practices in all walks
of life.. 4. The reasons of social dishonesty lie in several aspects. 5. Firstly, countless people
neglect moral values in pursuit of their material benefits. 6. Secondly, unfair competitions
worsen the situation7. Thirdly, we lack powerful and effective laws and regulations to cope
with this problem. 8. Finally, a lot of dishonest people may escape punishment easily. 9. As a
matter of fact, to be honest will be good for both the honest people and our society. 10. On
the one hand, behaving yourself in an honest way can win respect from others. 11. On the
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other hand, being honest is an essential step towards our spiritual civilization. 12. Therefore,
it pays to be honest in the long run.
点评：1.摆明现象，引起话题 2.讲明事实 3.进一步说明不诚实现象的普遍性 4. 讲明
导致不诚实现象的原因很多，引起下文 5.讲明原因一6.原因二：不公平竞争导致 7. 原因三：
缺乏有效的法规制止8.原因四：不诚实的人们得不到惩罚9.转而说明作者的观点：诚实有< br>益 10.诚实有益的具体表现一 11.诚实有益的具体表现12.得出结论：诚实有益。
三、问题解决型
题型特点：利用对已给出的材料作出自己的分析，论述其原因，然后提出自己的看法或对
象。
模板：1. With the ___ of ___, ___. 2. So it is of great importance for us to ___. 3. On the
one hand, ___. 4. On the other hand, ___. 5. However, we have figured out many ways to ___.
6. Firstly, ___. 7. So long as___. 8. Secondly, ___.. 9. Thirdly ___. 10. In fact, ___. 11. That is
because, ___. 12. In a word, ___.
信息提示：1. 问题出现的背景2.引出问题 3.问题的后果一 4.问题的后果二 5.提出
解决这一问题的方法 6.解决方法一 7.进一步说明方法一 8.方法二 9.方法三 10.提出解
决问题的根本途径 11.支持上句的理由 12.总结全文
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
1. With the development of the H.R. market, the interview is becoming more and more
important in job- seeking. 2. So it is of great importance for us to master skills on interview. 3.
On the one hand, the interviewer can know about the candidates in the interview. 4. On the
other hand, the interviewee can get necessary information directly from the interviewer. 5.
However, we have figured out many ways to make an excellent performance in an interview.
6. Firstly, the interviewee has to pay attention to his appearance. 7. So long as we realize that
the first impression is important, we must pay attention to it. 8. Secondly, a good manner is
equally important. 9. Thirdly an interviewee must demonstrate his skills for the job.
10. In fact, the skills for the job play a decisive role. 11. That is because skills enable us to
cope well with our work. 12. In a word, a qualified candidate must give a fair performance
点评 ：1. 是整篇文章的一个铺垫，突出了主题interview的重要性。 2. 点出文章的
意图，掌握面试技巧至关重要。 3.和4.是补充说明句2的内容，从两个方面论证掌握技巧
的重要性。5. 起到了承上启下的作用，介绍多种面试技巧。6至9是本段主题 句的展开说
明。这一段落组织十分严密，详细介绍面试技巧。6. 面试成功途径一：要注重外表。7. 对
句6的内容做出进一步说明：目的是留下好的第一印象。8.面试成功途径二：要有礼貌。9.
面试成功途径三：成功展示自己的工作技能。10. 总结归纳成功面试的关键点--- 工作技能。
11. 对句10做出合理的解释。12. 做出结论，总结全文。
四、观点论证型
要求：本题型要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论 证，然后
表明自己的立场和看法。首先提出论点或观点，作为全文的出发点；第二段要求考生针对
这一观点举出具体的例子来论证,第三段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法，以及在日常生活
中如何有效 地实践这一观点。
模板： 1. It is believe that ___. 2. The truth is deep and profound. 3. As we know, ___. 4.
Consequently, ___. 5. A case in point is ___. 6. This is close to suggest ___. 7. It is true that
___. 8. In addition, ___. 9. All mentioned above tells us ___. 10. As a matter of fact, ___. 11.
There is no denying that ___. 12. In short, ___.
信息提示1.提出观点 2.强调这一观点 3.观点的理论依据 4.证明观点正确性的理论
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