挽留江苏省自学考试英语语言学概论27037判断题题库及中文翻译

2021年1月13日发(作者：熊寿眉)
江苏省自学考试《英语语言学概论》（27037）正确判断题题库及中文翻译
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9.
Lan guage is primarily speech ,and not the written for m.
面形式。
义之间的关系是任意的。
语言主要是口语形式而不是书
声音和他 们的意The relationship between the sounds and their meanings is arbitrary .
Linguistic symbols are produced by human speech organs .
器官形成的。
语言符号是通过人类语言
English linguistics is a kind of descriptive linguistics .英语语言学是一种描述性语言学。
Langue is more abstract than parole and therefore is not directly observable .
言语更加抽象，因此是不能直接观察的。
人类语言。
All the English words are not symbolic .不是所有的英语单词都是有符号的。
Descriptive linguistics studies one specific language .描述性语言学研究的是一种具体的
语言。
The spelling of words is not a reliable means of describing the English sounds .
拼写不是描述英语语音的一种可靠方式。
单词的
（2009年10月 考题）
普遍语言学研究的是所有的General linguistics deals with the whole human language .
语言比
terms of tension of the muscles at pharynx ,vowels are grouped into tense vowels and
lax vowels .根据咽喉肌肉的松弛状态，元音可以分成紧元音和松元音。
11.A phoneme is an abstract element in the sound
are variants of a single abstract element.
音位变体是一种抽象成分的变体。
sounds that are in contrastive distribution are different phonemes .处于对比分布的
语音是不同的音位。
plosives（爆破音）
爆破音不能搭配在一起。
vowels do not occur finally .短元音不发生在词尾。
vowels can occur initially except u and u .所有的元音都发生在开头除了u和u.
sounds that are in complementary distribution and also phonetically similar are
allophones of the same phoneme. 处于互补性分布并且语音上相似的两个音是同一个音
位的音位变体。
languages have sequential constraints .所有的语言都有序列限制。
the initial sound is an affricate ,the next sound must be a vowel.
塞擦音或者破擦音，那么下一个音一定是一个元音。
ic transcriptions（语音音标）include all the linguistically relevant features of
语音音标包括了声音的所有相关语言
Bit 和bought 两个单词构
一个硬腭爆破音出现在一个前
sounds phonemic transcriptions （音位音标）only record distinctive qualities of sounds
which can differentiate the meanings of words .
特征。而音位音标只记录了能够区分单词意思的声音的区别性特质。
two words “bit ” and “bought ” form a minimal pair.
成一对最小对立体。
21.A palatal plosive appears before or after a front vowel.
元音前面或后面。
如果开头的音是一个
can’t go together at the beginning of words .在单词的开头两个
system of a language while allophones
而音位是语言的语音系统中一种抽象的成分，
22.A morpheme is not equated with a syllable .
free morphemes are roots .
roots are not free morphemes .
一个词素 并不等同于一个音节。
所有的自由词素都是词根。
不是所有的词根都是自由词素。
two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are identical in both form
and meaning ,then they are regarded as one morph.如果一个或 者更多音位的最小的有
意义的序列在形式和意思上都一样，那么它们被视为一个形素。
tion al affixes never cause a change in grammatical class.屈折词缀不会导致语法等
级的变化。
two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are the same in meaning but
different in forms, then there are as many morphs as there are forms .
多音位的最小的有意义的序列在意思上一样，
多。
two or more minimal
meanings .
meaningful sequences of phonemes are different both in form
and in meaning ,then there are as many morphs as there are different forms and
如果两个或者更多音位的最小的有意义的序列在形 式和意思上都不一样，
那么有许多形素有不同的形式和意义。
both inflectional and derivational affixes occur in the same word ,derivational affixes
always appear before inflectional affixes .如果屈折性词缀和派生词缀同时发生在一个单词上，那么派生词缀总是出现在屈折性词缀之前。
es are said to be minimal distinctive units in the sound system of a language .音
位是语言的语音系统中最小的有甄别性特征的单位。
mes are defined as minimal meaningful units in the grammatical system of a
language .语素或词素是语言的语法系统中最小的有意义的单位。
are the realizations of a particular morpheme.语子是某一个特定词素的体现。
word SARS is formed by the process of acronymy .单词SARS是通过首字母缩写法
形成的。
ng refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the
meaning and in the part of speech .
一个单词加以简略的构词过程。
my is the process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of
several words together .
词的过程。
ngement of the words of a sentence yields either an ungrammatical sentence or a
different sentence.一个句子单词的重新排列要么产生一个不合乎语法的句子要么 是
一个不同的句子。
paradigmatic relation is a kind of relation between linguistic forms in a sentence
and linguistic forms outside the sentence.
形式之间的一种关系。
hierarchical relation shows us the inner layering of sentence.
为我们表明了句子的内部层次。
dynamic study of sentences deals with two levels of structure :both surface structure
and deep structure .句子的动态研究涉及两种结构层次：表层结构和深层结构。
年1月考题）
40.A surface structure is pronounceable .表层结构是读得出的。
（2010
等级关系或层次关系
纵聚合关系是句子中语言形式和句子外语言
首字母缩略 法是指通过把许多单词的首字母合并而构成新
略写法或者截短法指的是不改变意思和词性而将
但 是形式不同的话，
如果两个或者更
那么形素和形式一样
41.A surface structure corresponds most closely to the linear arrangement of words as they
are pronounced . 表层结构最符合单词的线性排列。
42.A deep structure is not pronounceable .深层结构是读不出的。
43.A deep structure corresponds most closely to the meaningful grouping of words.
结构最符合单词有意义的组合。（2009年10月考题）
44.A surface structure is relatively concrete.
构给出了在交流中一个句子的形式。
46.A deep structure is abstract .深层结构是抽象的。
47.A deep structure gives the meaning of a sentence.深层结构解释句子的意思。
basic order of T-rules for Wh-word questions is :the Wh-word insertion rule
T-Yes/No question →T-Do insertion → the Wh-word switching rule→
T-Yes/No question →
T-Affix.
have negative connotations when they are used
T-Affix.对
于WH问句的转换规则的基本顺序是：
Wh-word switching rule→
words do not
T-Do insertion →the
表层结构相对而言是具体的。
深层
45.A surface structure gives the form of a sentence as it is used in communication . 表层结
generally .Nevertheless , in some contexts , they may take on additional meaning .一些单
词一般没有负面的隐涵意义，但是，在一些情境中，它们可能会表现出额外的意思。
connotation of a word is language-specific .
的。
word “boy”is neutral in general without any negative sense. However , when a
twenty-year-old white man calls a forty-year- old black man “boy”, it obviously has a
negative connotation reflecting the racist attitude of the speaker.
言是中性的，没有任何的负面意义。
单词 “男孩”一般而
但是，当一个二十岁的白人称呼一个四十岁的黑人
一个单词的隐涵意义是跟语言 相关
“男孩”的时候，很明显反映了说话者具有种族歧视态度的负面隐涵意义。
words or phrases always have negative associations . For example , the English
word thirteen is always associated with bad luck.
想。比如，英语单词13总是联想到坏运气。< br>一些单词或者短语总是有负面的联
English word and a Chinese equivalent may have the same denotative meaning （外
延意义）but different connotations .一个英语单词和对应的中文汉字也许外延意义一样，
但是隐涵意义不同。
mes a word can be used as a general term as well as a specific term.
单词可以作为一个概括意义的词使用也可以作为一个具体意义的词使用。
words form a hierarchical structure of a hyponymic relation , which moves from
general to specific .At the top of the hierarchical structure is the most general term and
at the bottom are the most specific terms .The terms “general ”and “specific ”are
relative terms .一些单词形成了具有上下义关系的 等级结构，从概括意义到具体意义。
在等级结构最上面是概括意义的词，而最底部的是具体意义的词。术 语“概括”和“具
体”是相对的术语。
is variability across languages as to the exact nature of particular hyponymic
relationships .关于某种特定的上下义关系的具体性质，不同语 言之间是不一样的。
如果两个单词A和B,显示了部
B是A的一部分，但不是A的
two words A and B show part/whole relationship , and if A is a whole and B is a
part ,then B is “a part of ”A ,but not B is “a kind of ” A.
分/整 体关系，而且
一种。
A是一个整体，B是一个部分，那么
（2009年10月考题）< br>有时候一个
synonyms have the denotative meaning but show differences in connotative
meaning .一些近义词有外延意义，但是在内涵意义上不同。
we concentrate on the denotative meaning of words , we may find that words that
appear to be synonymous at first glance are used to refer to slightly different sets of
concepts or occur in different situations of use.当我们关注一些单词的外延意义时，我
们也许发现，第一眼看上 去是同义词的单词，
情境里。
synonyms have the same meaning but different collocations .
样但是搭配不一样。
mentary pairs of words are mutually exclusive and complementary .
义词是非此即彼的，是互补的，
meaning of gradable pairs of antonyms is characterized by relativity .可分等级的反
义词的意义特征在于相对性。
gradable pairs of antonyms , very often one is marked and the other unmarked . The
unmarked member is more neutral than the marked one and is thus used in questions of
degree.在可分等级的反义词中，经常一个是有记号的，一个没有记号。没有记号的比有记号的更加中性，因此被使用于具有等级的问句中。
semantic ambiguity（词汇歧义）
结构所导致的语义歧义称为词汇歧义。
meaning of a sentence is much more than sum of the meanings of the individual
words in a sentence.一个句子的意思并不总是句子中各个独立单词意义的综合。
66.A recipient receives a physical object.间接宾语接收一个物质实体。
语义角色和语ic roles and grammatical functions are quite different notions .
法功能是完全不同的概念。
语法功能的概念是独立于（不依赖）语义角色概念的。
i c roles do not appear to be constrained by grammatical functions .
不受到语法功能的限制。
70.“John married a blond heiress ” entails “John married a blond ”.“约翰娶了了一个金
发碧眼的女继承人”蕴涵了“约翰娶了一个金发碧眼的人”。语义角色并
that is caused by ambiguous words rather than by
由有歧义的单词而不是由有歧义的ambiguous structures is called lexical ambiguity .
互补性反
一些同义词意思一
在概念上是稍有不同的或者使用在不同的
notion of grammatical functions is independent of the notion of semantic roles.
江苏省自学考试《英语语言学概论》（27037）错误判断题题库及中文翻译
language contains a finite number of sentences; however, it has an infinite set of
words and a large set of rules, so language is creative. 每种语言都包括无数的句子，
些句子由有限的规则和有限的单词所构造的。因此将
finite ,同时将large 改为small.
而这
finite 改为infinite , infinite 改为
2.
3.
In theory , the length of sentences is limited .
此将limited 改为unlimited .
号包括两种visual symbols （视觉符号）和
从理论上来讲，句子的长度是无限的，因
Linguistic symbols are a kind of visual symbols , which include vocal symbols 。语言符
auditory symbols （听觉符号），同时vocal
symbols ,是由人类语音器官发出的，它属于
symbols 的一部分。
4.
auditory symbols 的一部分。不是visual
语Every language has two levels :grammatically- meaningless and sound-meaningful.
言有两个层次：语法上有意义 的层次和声音上无意义的层次。因此将句子改成
has two levels .They aregrammatically meaningfullevel andsound meaningless level.
Language
features of language as being creative ,vocal ,and arbitrary can differentiate
human languages from animal communicative systems.
的特征有创造性，任意性，但是
人类语言区别 于动物交流系统
vocal 却是两者都有的特征。
a particular language 改
l linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular
language. 普遍语言学把语言作为一个整体进行研究，因此将
成human languages in general .
7.
8.
Competence is more concrete than performance. 语言能力是抽象的，而语言运用是具体
的，因此需要将more 改成less.
因此将language in general 改为
Descriptive linguistics attempts to establish a theory which accounts for the rules of
language in general. 描写语言学关注一种特定的语言。
a particular language.
sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistic symbols. 不是所有由人类语
音器官发出的声音都是语言符号。因此需要在
determine the pronunciation of a word.
arbitrary .
are 后面加上not
语言是任意的，但不是指任何一个人都有自由
ge is arbitrary, which means that any individual speaker has the freedom to
决定一个单词的发音。而是指The relationship between the sounds and their meanings is
声音和他们的意义之间的关系是任意的。
不能简单地说某些语 languages are primitive and some languages are advanced.
言是低级的，而某些语言是高级的。
logical knowledge is a native speaker’s intuition about how a sentence is formed .
形态学知识是语言者关于单词是如何形成的知识。因此需要 将
学。因此需要将phonetics 改为phonology .
因此需要
sentence 改成word.
ics is the science that deals with the sound system. 音位学是研究语音系统的科
14.A diachronic study of a language is concerned with a state of a language at a particular
point of time. 语言的共时性研究关注的是处于某一时间点的语言所做的描述。
at a particular point of time.
ogy is the study of speech sounds of all human languages .
类语言的语音研究。因此需要将phonology 改成phonetics .
Articulatory
语音学是对所有人
将整句改成The synchronic study of a language is concerned with a “state” of a language
ic phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs .
发音语音学研究声音是如何通过发音器官形成的。因此需要将整句改成
phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs.
consonants are produced with vocal-cord vibration .
产生的。所以要将
个符号代表辅音，
所有的元音都是通过声带振动
国际音标中共有72
consonants 改成vowels . （2010年1月考题）
25个符号代表元音，并不是在英语中。所以要将
而不是根据发音 方法的不同。
English 改成IPA.
根据发音位
所以要将manner 改
are 72 symbols for consonants and 25 for vowels in English .
als are different from alveolars in terms of manner of articulation .
置的不同，双唇音和齿龈音是不同的。
成place .