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. . . .
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1） 划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;
2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的
除外）；
3） 名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中
所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语
和从句的引导词;
4） 非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；
5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句
子的主干；
6） 分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的部结
构。
.... .
. . . .
1. But even more important，it was the
farthest that scientists had been
able to look into the past，for what
they were seeing were the patterns and
structures that existed 15 billion
years ago.
结构分析:句子的框架是it was the
farthest that…。但It was…that…在
本句中不是强调句型 。it是指上句中所
提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团（a
strip of enormous cosmic clouds some
15 billion light- years from
earth）;that引导的应是一个定语从句，
修饰先行词the farthest。for引导的是
表示原因的分句，分句中还有that引导
.... .
. . . .
的定语从句，修饰the patterns and
structure。
译文 ：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能
观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，因
为他们看到的是1 50亿年前宇宙云的形
状和结构。
2. Thus it happened that when the new
factories that were springing up
required labor，tens of thousands of
homeless and hungry agricultural
workers，with their wives and
children，were forced into the cities
in search of work，and any work，under
any condition，that would keep them
alive.
.... .
. . . .
结构分析:句子的框架是it happened
that…。it做形式主语，that引 导的从
句做真正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个
由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为
tens of thousands of homeless and
hungry agricultural workers…were
forced…，时间状语从句中从句主语the
new factories又带有一个定语从句that
were springing up; that would keep
them alive做work的定语从句。spring
up意为“发生，出现，建立”。
译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新
办的工 厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，
成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为
生的劳动者携家带口 ，被迫进入城市;他
.... .
. . . .
们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条
件，只要不被饿死就行。
3. As a result of two or three
centuries of scientific
investigation we have come to believe
that nature is understandable in the
sense that when we ask her questions
by way of appropriate observations
and experiments，she will answer truly
and reward us with discoveries that
endure.
结构分析:句子的框架是…we have come
to believe that…。that引导的从句做
belie ve的宾语从句;此从句中有一个
that从句作the sense的同位语从句;同
.... .
. . . .
位语从句中又套嵌一个由when引导的时
间状语从句;此时间状语从句又套嵌一个
定 语从句that endure，修饰其先行词
discoveries。by way of意为“经由，
通过…方法”;reward sb. with意为
“以…报答，酬劳”; endure此处应译为
“持久，持续”,不要译为“忍受，容
忍”。
译文:由于两 三个世纪以来的科学研究成
果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察
和实验方法向大自然探究问 题，她会真心
实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发
现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自
然是可以认识的。
4. These new observational
.... .
. . . .
capabilities would result in simply a
mass of details were it not for the
fact that theoretical understanding
has reached the stage at which it is
becoming possible to indicate the
kind of measurements required for
reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析:句子的框架是These new
observational capabilities would
result in simply a mass of details…。
后面紧跟省略了if引导的虚拟条件句
were it not for the fact that…，即
if it were not for the fact
that…;that从句作the fact的同位语
从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修
.... .
. . . .
饰其先行词the stage; required for
reliable weather forecasting为过去
分词短语修饰the kind of
measurements。simply译为“只不过，
仅仅”，不应译为“简单地”。 < br>译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶
段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才
能可靠 地预报天气。如果做不到这一点，
那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供
了一大堆细节而已。
5. The story of the discovery of what
is now generally called the principle
of Archimedes，namely that a solid
body when immersed in a liquid loses
a portion of its weight of the liquid
.... .
. . . .
it displaces，has many different
versions，of which the following is
one.
结构分析:句子的框架是The story…has
many different versions…。what is now
generally called the principle of
Archimedes为名词性从句做介词of的宾
语。namely that a solid body…作the
principle of Archimedes的同位语;when
immersed in a liquid是省略了主语的
过去分词短语，句子补充完整为when the
solid body is immersed in a liquid，
修饰其主句a solid body loses a
portion of its weight of the
liquid…;it displaces是省略了关系代
.... .
. . . .
词that的定语从句修饰the liquid，it
代指前面提到的the solid body;同时，
of which the following is one又构成
先行 词versions的定语从句。displace
意为“排（水）”;version不译为“版本”，此处指“根据个人观点的（对事件
等的）说法，看法”;句尾的one代指a
version。
译文:当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失
去它所排出的液体的那部 分重量，这就是
现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一
发现的故事说法众多，下面的故事就是 其
中之一。
6. We assumed that there were forces
of attraction between molecules which
.... .
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