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How to analyze what you read （writer focus）How to evaluate your thinking:
How to Raise Questions? universal standard
1. Questioning goals, purposes, and objective
1. Clarity in thinking.
What’s the central purpose of this person? This group? Myself?
Can I state it precisely or in detail?
I must be clear about my purposes, about other’s purposes, about
Can I give example from my experience?
alternative purposes
I realize that I can question my purposes and other’s purposes.
2. Question the way in which questions are framed, problems are
2. Precision in thinking 精确
Am I providing enough details for the other
What issues should be addressed? What is the key question
person to comprehend my meaning?
should I raise? If it is misconceptualized, it will not be solved.
Do I need more details?
posed, and issues are expressed
3. Accuracy in thinking
What information do I need to figure out what is going on? How
Am I certain that my information is accurate?
can I test it? What information are others using? Is it accurate or
How can I check on the accuracy of the
relevant to the issue at hand?
information?
3. Question information and sources of information
4. Question interpretations or conclusions
4. Relevance in thinking
What interpretations, judgments, or conclusions are crucial to this
How does my point bear on the issue at hand?
situation? What conclusion am I or others coming to?
How does my statement relate to what he just
I know there are more than one way to interpret situations,
said? How is his question related to the
weighing the pros and cons of each.
question we are discussing?
I want to assess the quality of the conclusions that others are
coming to.
5. Question the assumptions being made
5. Logicalness in thinking
What is being taken for granted? Is it a reasonable assumption?
Given the information I have gathered, what is
What would be reasonable to assume?
the most logical conclusion I can com to?
Assumption usually unconscious in thinking, I want to be able to
What is another feasible conclusion?
identify and correct my faulty assumptions and asses the
assumptions others are using.
6. Question the concepts being used
6. Breadth in thinking
What main ideas or concepts are being used?
Whether I need to consider another viewpoint
What implications follow from this idea? What main ideas, or
before coming to conclusion?
concepts are crucial to making sense of this situation?
I know we use concepts when we think .
7. Question the points of view being considered
7. Depth in thinking
What points of view have to be considered? Have I failed to take
What are the complexities inherent in this
into account some points that are relevant to think through issue?
issue?
Good reasoning involves considering more than one way of
Am I dealing with a complex issue in a
looking at things. Consider from multiple viewpoints!
superficial way?
8. Justification in thinking合理性
What are implications, positive and negative of me and others?
Is his (my) purpose justified? Is it unfair given
What are the implications if I reason to this conclusion versus
the circumstances?
that conclusion?
Implication follow from reasoning. I need to think through
potential consequences of decision
8. Question implications
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