频偏7月英语阅读(一)自考试题(1)

2021年1月14日发(作者：祝钒刚)
2012年7月英语阅读(一)自考试题
2012年7月（全国）英语阅读(一)自考试题

Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide
on the best answers and then
write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible. The river is
more than 400 miles long. In its fertile valley crops are grown
for food and cotton for clothing. Mud from the river bottom
makes good bricks for houses. Thus ways of getting food,
clothing and shelter were close for the Egyptians.
The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt. Flat
bottomed boats and large narrow barges carry products from
one city to another. There are also passenger boats on the Nile,
carrying people up and down the river. In ancient times huge
blocks of stones were floated down the river on barges. These
stones are used in making buildings and monuments.
For thousands of years the Egyptians have depended on
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the Nile for their crops. The land on both sides of the Nile is
desert, where crops cannot be raised
But crops grow well in the Nile Valley. In fact, several
different crops are often grown on the same land during the
same year.
Once the Nile flooded each year, overflowed its banks, and
carried rich soil in land every summer. These floods were
caused by early summer rains.
At present there is a series of dams in the Nile. Water
raises high in the river each summer as usual. The people do
not let the Nile flood, however. They store the water behind
dams. It is now possible to use the water as needed, not just at
flood time.
1. In the past ______.
A. there was rain all the year long
B. the Nile flooded every year
C. the Nile became deeper and deeper after each rainfall
D. the Nile was not a long river
2. Egyptians have grown crops well ______.
A. on both sides of the Nile
B. on the land near the desert area
C. in the Nile valley
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D. far away from the desert area
3. In the valley of the Nile ______.
A. bricks for houses are made
B. different crops are raised on the same land
C. only cotton can grow well
D. people grow all crops except cotton
4. “The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt” means
______.
A. cars and trucks can move as fast as possible along it
B. the river bottom can serve as a road in dry season
C. the river is an important water transportation line in
Egypt
D. on the river there are a lot of boats and people
5. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?
A. The Nile is the source of flood.
B. The Nile is a highway for the people in Egypt.
C. The flat bottomed boats have been used.
D. The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible.

Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Sleep plays a major role in preparing the body for an alert
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and productive tomorrow. But sleep is not a period of inactivity.
The sleeping brain is highly active at various times during the
night, performing numerous “house keeping tasks”. These keep
us alive and aid our ability to think and remember. Sleep also
energizes the body and brain. Most people spend one-third of
their lives sleeping and this will affect the other two-thirds in
terms of alertness, energy, moods, body weight, perception,
memory, thinking, reaction time, productivity and performance.
To limit sleep means our health and daytime potential are
significantly reduced
So, good sleep strategies are essential in order to feel
energized day after day. There is no strategy which works for
everyone, so each person needs to experiment. One important
thing is that you shouldn’t worry too much if you go a few
nights without a lot of sleep. It won’t ruin your life. On any
given night, one in four people can’t sleep properly and
everyone suffers from a lack of sleep at some time.
How does one minimize this problem? It is really quite
simple. The first thing you must do is to reduce stress as much
as possible. Stress is part of everyday life and, while we can
never be entirely without stress, it can be managed
This means taking control of your life and focusing on what
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is important. One sleeping strategy is to sit in a comfortable
position, close your eyes and relax all your muscles, breathing
easily through your nose. Continue this for ten to twenty
minutes. This should help you reduce stress and sleep better. Or,
you can try getting plenty of exercise, because a tired body is
likely to sleep better.
6. According to the passage, sleep is important because
______.
A. it is a period of complete inactivity for the brain
B. it helps us understand what we have already achieved
C. it makes us more effective when we are awake
D. it helps us to lose weight
7. Methods of getting enough sleep ______.
A. vary between men and women
B. are the same for everybody
C. vary from person to person
D. are based on your job
8. According to the passage, being unable to sleep ______.
A. affects young children the most
B. affects everybody at some time
C. is worse for those who have relaxing lives
D. is likely to ruin people’s life
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9. A simple strategy to sleep better is to ______.
A. work harder than you could
B. put your stress under control
C. breathe through your nose
D. sleep on a chair instead of bed
10. After a lot of physical exercise, ______.
A. you should find stress increases dramatically
B. you will become out of breath
C. you should be able to enjoy better sleep
D. you will not need to sleep for some time

Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer
throughout our lives, until finally some attack on the body
brings our existence to an end
Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies
can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In
fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only
when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such
times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our
most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up
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such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.
Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting the
individual and society, the human response to sickness is always
socially organized
No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health
and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society
develops its own concepts of health and sickness and
authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick
should be treated
Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of
standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words,
an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the
institution concerned with the maintenance of health and
treatment of disease.
In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually
an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with
sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the
sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the
priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to
identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be
thrown to establish a cause; songs may be used to bring about
a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand,
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the institution has become highly complicated and specialized,
including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon,
druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various
organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and
medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of
intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of
the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.
11. Which of the following statements is true according to
Paragraph 1 ?
A. Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly
good health.
B. Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.
C. Most of us are aware of the full value of health.
D. Ancient people believed that health was more
expensive than anything else.
12. The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means“______”.
A. make way for
B. give power to
C. write an order for
D. make it possible for
13. In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards
medicine as ______.
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A. a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep
people healthy
B. a universal problem that affects every society
C. a social responsibility to treat ill health
D. a science that focuses on the treatment of disease
14. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is
NOT true?
A. In the past, bones might be used to decide why people
fell ill.
B. In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated
patients by singing.
C. Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no
longer has a place in it.
D. There were only two roles in an elementary medical
system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him.
15. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with
______.
A. sociological aspects in medicine
B. medical treatment of diseases
C. the development of medical science
D. the role of religion in medicine

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Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
English people are less genetically diverse today than they
were in the days of the Vikings, possibly due to two deadly
diseases that swept their country centuries ago, a new study
says.
The study compared DNA from ancient and modem
Englanders and found that the country has a smaller gene pool
than it did a thousand years ago.
The findings come in contrast to modem England’s
reputation as a cultural melting pot, where in many major cities
you are as likely to hear Urdu from India or Yoruba from Nigeria
being spoken on the streets as English.?
Rus Hoelzel, a geneticist from the Britain’s University of
Durham, and his colleagues obtained DNA samples from the
skeletal remains of 48 ancient Britons who lived between A. D.
300 and 1000. The researchers studied the DNA, which was
passed down from mothers to their children. By comparing the
DNA with that of thousands of people from various ethnic
backgrounds living in England today, they found that genetic
diversity was greater in the ancient population. The team also
compared the ancient DNA with samples from people living in
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continental Europe and the Middle East, and found a similar
lack of genetic variety.
One possible explanation for this narrowing of diversity
might be two major outbreaks of plague that swept England
and much of Europe — the Black Death (1347 — 1351) and the
Great Plague (1665 — 1666).
The Black Death epidemic is estimated to have killed as
much as 50 percent of the population of Europe. Three
centuries later, a fifth of the population of London died in the
Great Plague. However, these diseases didn’t kill randomly,
Hoelzel explained
“The plague killed some people while others remained
resistant,” he said.
Eske Willerslev, a specialist in ancient DNA from the
University of Copenhagen, said he is surprised by the findings
but agrees that the historic epidemics may explain the loss in
diversity.
Since the diseases, it appears that England hasn’t been
able to make up the loss to the gene pool, despite the high rate
of immigration into the country over the past 200 years.
16. The modem England’s reputation as “a cultural melting
pot” (Para. 3) most probably means ______.
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A. English people speak many different languages
B. England has a population of many different cultural
origins
C. England is famous for exporting melting pot
D. England has a close diplomatic relationship with India
and Nigeria
17. The DNA comparison between modern and ancient
English people reveals ______.
A. great changes have taken place in the genetic contents
in the DNA
B. DNA differs among different people from different
ethnic backgrounds
C. there is less DNA diversity in modern Englishmen than in
their ancestors
D. modern Englishmen has the same DNA diversity as their
ancestors
18. According to the passage, which of the following
statements is NOT true?
A. The ancient DNA used in this study was gathered from
the bones of the ancient British people.
B. The genetic information carried by DNA is passed to
children from fathers.
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C. Although modern England has high immigration rate, it
still suffers from poor genetic variety.
D. England, European continent and Middle East all suffer
from lack of genetic variety.
19. The two deadly diseases, namely the Black Death and
the Great Plague ______.
A. affected England more than any other countries in
Europe
B. broke out between the thirteenth century and the
sixteenth century
C. took less than half of the population away in England
D. left some people alive with resistance for the diseases
20. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Willerslev was not prepared to see the lack of genetic
variety in modern England
B. many immigrants moved to England to seek a new life
after the two diseases
C. the gene bank will need to introduce more new genes to
make up for its losses
D. England will need to immigrate more people to make up
its gene loss

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II. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)
Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on
the best answers and then write
the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.
Passage Five
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.
Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who
challenged the established system of education that tended to
restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans.
He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker
T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the
blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a
more determined and activist leadership than Washington
provided.
Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black
agriculture, Du Bois’s career spanned both sides of the
Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received
his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville,
did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the
Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South.
Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the
United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher
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and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the
famous empirical (经验主义的) sociological study, The
Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that
city’s black population and made recommendations for the
school system. Du Bois’s Philadelphia study was the pioneer
work on urban blacks in America.
Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil
rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement
in 1905, which led to the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909.
From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major
journal of the NAACP In terms of its educational policy, the
NAACP position was that all American children and youth
should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This
policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the
following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and
compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling
should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should
not be monopolized by any special class or race.
As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the
tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the
accommodationist (妥协的;迁就的) ideology of Booker T.
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