luscious中央电大2013年7月英语阅读(3)试题

2021年1月14日发(作者：柏古)
试卷代号：
2157
中央广播电视大学
2012-2013
学年度第二学期“开放专科”期末考试
英语阅读（3)试题
2013
年7月
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Part I
Read Passage I and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The
paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A,B,or C on your answer
sheet.(30 points, 3 points each)
Passage I
Aging Crisis in China
1
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
addressed now,there will be serious consequences.
the numbers of people over 60
一
and particularly those over 80
一
are growing fast. The
rapid aging trend in China's population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society.
How can China face this challenge? As the social structure changes in terms of
demographics, so will tradition.
2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world,accounting for 8 percent of
the total population. It is predicted that in China,by 2000,the number of retired people will
be several times that of the mid-90's. In 2020 they will have increased by several times
again. The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase
both in actual numbers and relative to the general population,there will be fewer people to
care for them. The dependency ratio,as it is called,is also affected by the fact that women,
who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly,are becoming more career-oriented
and are not at home to care for their parents.
3 One solution is senior homes. Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for
children to take care of their parents. But if people are working long hours, older parents
feel lonely at home. At senior citizen centres, they can get good care from the nurses,who
are also willing to listen to their stories.
daughter's decision. But gradually,I began to like this place,

the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in Nanshi District. There are only three senior centres in
the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District,which is not enough for more than 20,000
people over the age of 60. However,the neighbourhood has about 15,000 laid-off women
workers who are eager for jobs, and the area expects to open several new centres in the near
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future. The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen's homes,
but the government itself is building centres.
4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping
an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich,wise society. Another model which helps
old people to live more independently is known as
example of this is the
Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996,and has proved successful. Families were
encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help
nearby to care for them. Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and
connected to the home of the
once. In May 1997,the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in
297 homes in Beijing's 10 districts.
5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken,these changes in
the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal
with change in a creative way. Now that
problems by modern society world-wide,it is important that the elderly are not ignored,
alienated or mistreated, but rather treasured for their great store of experience. These are
problems that need thoughtful solutions.
Questions I
一
10 are based on l'assage 1.
1 .addressed(paragraph 1)
A. discussed B. solved
C. named
uences(paragraph 1)
A. results B. reasons
C. problems
ting for(paragraph 2)
A. giving explanations B. coming from
C. taking up
for(paragraph 2)
A. like B. take care of
C. pay attention to
770
ed (paragraph 2)
A. influenced
B. decreased
C. increased
g(paragraph 3)
A. eager
B. unhappy
C. prepared
ive (paragraph3)
A. careless
B. caring
C. hard-working
(paragraph 3)
A. join
B. manage
C. move fast
e. . . from (paragraph 4)
A. separate. . . from
B. prevent. . . from
C. take.., from
ated (paragraph 5)
A. treat well
B. treat carefully
C. treat badly
Part H
Read Passage 2 and find which the underlined word(S)in each of the following sentences refer
to.(30 points,3 points each)
Passage 2
A New Consensus on Population
1 An old joke:A population official is addressing
an
audience of bigwigs.
in this country,
you realise what that means?

must find that woman and stop her!
isn
t all that-funny,but the
sentiment expressed in it
pretty well sums up much of
the
top-level thinking about
population in the world before the International Conference on Population and Development
(ICPD) that
勺
VaS
held in Cairo in 1994. Basically,the overpopulation problem was perceived
as the fault of
women
(and especially women ol colour) who were conceiving and delivering
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so many babies
especially in the patriarchal,tradition-based societies
of the developing
world,where women often had no career open to them except motherhood.
2 The perceived solution? Pushing contraception
on women
in some cases abortion
even forced sterilization-whatever it took to reduce women
s fertility rates. In some parts
of the world,such strategies were yielding dramatic results,at least in terms of
meeting
numerical targets for reduction of growth rates. But they were also causing revulsion
because
of their trampling on human rights and human dignity-and also because of their underlying
sexism.
3 By the time the international community gathered in Cairo in 1994 to discuss the issue
of population and development
一
similar conferences had been held in 1974 and 1984-it was
clear that an entirely different approach was needed.
4 Creating a New Consensus on Population by Jyoti Shankar Singh(Earthcan
Publications,UK,1998)is the story of how that 180-degree turn was negotiated. As a
primary-source history of this momentous achievement
，鱼生些些
is unique. For Singh was
no mere observer of the process but,as Executive Co-ordinator of the conference,one of its
most strategically placed facilitators. And
丛
lays Out the process of reaching the new
consensus, step by step,in meticulous detail.
5 What was the new consensus? For one thing,it was agreed that population efforts had
to be broadened to cover more than contraception
一
that raising the
rate
and quotas were to be de- emphasized,under the consensus,coercion was to be eliminated,
and greater emphasis was to be placed on individual and societal rights and responsibilities
and gender equality and empowerment. What's more, it was agreed that family planning
(contraception) services should be incorporated into a broader definition of reproductive
health activities (including the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases).
6 As reported by the news media at the time, the Cairo conference seemed full of harsh
words stemming largely from the Vatican's opposition to any mention of abortion or of
sexual or reproductive rights. But from this history
些
emerges as a triumph of international
policy making.
7 Of course,it is still too early to judge the effectiveness or longevity of the Cairo
consensus. The UN General Assembly is gearing up for a formnal five-year review in 1999,
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but the early evidence is not especially encouraging. Non-participants in the debate seem
unable to grasp the significance of reproductive health
一
or to understand why it deserves any
more attention than,say,cardio-pulmonary health or mental health. And the major family
planning agencies,struggling to find a new way of working under
些
directions,report
widespread confusion in their ranks and disillusionment among their supporters. And the
international financial support for population programs that was anticipated at the Cairo
conference has yet to materialise.
8 Still,ICPD was unique among UN conferences and surely Jyoti Shankar Singh is
unique among international bureaucrats:He not only commands an extraordinary grasp of
the intricacies of the UN system of diplomacy and how
of humour in the face of its absurdities.
些
works,but also maintains his sense
9 Singh,who retired a few years ago from one of the top jobs at the UN Population
Fund(UNFPA),served as Executive Co-ordinator of ICPD, a task which occupied most of
his waking hours for several years. His boss at UNFPA,Dr. Naris Sadik, was also
Secretary General of the conference.
10 In one sense,this is the ultimate
the world who could have written it. And it is a book that deserves to be read by anyone who
is:(a)concerned about population or gender issues or human rights,(b)interested in
learning how international diplomacy really works,(c) curious about what really happened
in Cairo that the headlines failed to explain,Or(d) all of the above.
11 For as much newspaper ink as ICPD generated,thanks to its bitter debates over
abortion
一
which was really never more than a side issue
一
the real story of the conference and
its accomplishments has never been told until now.
Questions 11-20 are based on Passage 2.
11.
every 13 seconds.
,maybe the joke isn't all that funny,hut the sentiment expressed in
well sums up much of the top-level thinking about population in the world
丝
pretty
some parts of the world, such strategies were yielding dramatic results,at least in
terms of meeting numerical targets for reduction of growth rates.
they were also causing revulsion because of their trampling on human rights and
human dignity
一
and also because of their underlying sexism.
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