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摇摆舞2015年7月11日雅思阅读真题解析--外朗教育

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-14 12:39
tags:英语考试, 外语学习

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2021年1月14日发(作者:成心德)


2015年7月11日雅思阅读真题解析--外朗教育


考试概述:
本次考试三篇文章两旧一新,第一篇讲保护森林,第二篇讲gesture, 第三
篇内容主要是关于英国莱斯特的剧院。
Passage 1
题材:生物类
新旧情况:旧题
题型:填空6+流程3+判断4
文章大意:
类似文章及旧题仅供参考
Saving a Forgotten forests-- The longleaf pine
Found only in the Deep South of America, longleaf pine woodlands
have dwindled to about 3percent of their former range, but new efforts
are under way to restore them.
A The beauty and the biodiversity of the longleaf pine forest are
well-kept secrets, even in its native South. Yet it is among the richest
ecosystems in North America, rivaling tall grass prairies and the ancient
forests of the Pacific Northwest in the number of species it shelters. And
like those two other disappearing wildlife habitats, longleaf is also
critically endangered.


B In longleaf pine forests, trees grow widely scattered, creating an
open, park like environment, more like a savanna than a forest. The trees
are not so dense as to block the sun. This openness creates a forest floor
that is among the most diverse in the world, where plants such as
many-flowered grass pinks, trumpet pitcher plants, Venus flytraps,
lavender ladies and pineland bog-buttons grow. As many as 50different
species of wildflowers, shrubs, grasses and ferns have been cataloged in
just a single square meter.
C Once, nearly 92 million acres of longleaf forest flourished from
Virginia to Texas, the only place in the world where it is found. By the
turn of the 21st century, however, virtually all of it had been logged,
paved or farmed into oblivion. Only about 3 percent of the original range
still supports longleaf forest, and only about 10,000 acres of that is uncut
old-growth—the rest is forest that has regrown after cutting.
D Figuring out how to bring back the piney woods also will allow
biologists to help the plants and animals that depend on this habitat.
Nearly two-thirds of the declining, threatened or endangered species in
the southeastern United States are associated with longleaf. The outright
destruction of longleaf is only part of their story, says Mark Danaher, the
biologist for South Carolina’s Francis Marion National Forest. He says
the demise of these animals and plants also is tied to a lack of fire, which
once swept through the southern forests on a regular basis.


absolutely critical for this ecosystem and for the species that depend on
it,
E Name just about any species that occurs in longleaf and you can
find a connection to fire. Bachman’s sparrow is a secretive bird with a
beautiful song that echoes across the longleaf flatwoods. It tucks its nest
on the ground beneath dumps of wiregrass and little bluestem in the
open under-story. But once fire has been absent for several years, and a
tangle of shrubs starts to grow, the sparrows disappear. Gopher tortoises,
the only native land tortoises east of the Mississippi, are also abundant in
longleaf. A keystone species for these forests, its burrows provide homes
and safety to more than 300 species of vertebrates and invertebrates
ranging from eastern diamond-back rattlesnakes to gopher frogs. If fire
is suppressed, however, the tortoises are choked out.
says Bob Mitchell, an ecologist at the Jones Center, ’
F Without fire, we also lose longleaf. Fire knocks back the oaks and
other hardwoods that can grow up to overwhelm longleaf forests.
are fire forests,
the eastern United States.’t only lightning strikes that set
the forest aflame. “Native Americans also lit fires to keep the forest
open,“So did the early pioneers. They helped create the
longleaf pine forests that we know today.


G Fire also changes how nutrients flow throughout longleaf
ecosystems, in ways we are just beginning to understand. For example,
researchers have discovered that frequent fires provide extra calcium,
which is critical for egg production, to endangered red-cockaded
woodpeckers. Frances James, a retired avian ecologist from Florida State
University, has studied these small black-and-white birds for more than
two decades in Florida’s sorawling Apalachicola National Forest. When
she realised female woodpeckers laid larger clutches in the first breeding
season after their territories were burned, she and her colleagues went
searching for answers.
shrubs when the forest is not burned,
fire, a pulse of calcium moves down into the soil and up into the
longleaf.
tree-dwelling species of ant, which is the red-cockaded’s favorite food.
The result: more calcium for the birds, which leads to more eggs, more
young and more woodpeckers.
H Today, fire is used as a vital management tool for preserving both
longleaf and its wildlife. Most of these fires are prescribed burns,
deliberately set with a drip torch. Although the public often opposes any
type of fire—and the smoke that goes with it—these frequent,
low-intensity bums reduce the risk of catastrophic conflagrations.
’s southern forests

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