parkour圣诞老人的由来(英文版)

2021年1月14日发(作者：柳开)
圣诞老人的由来（英文版）

encarta 95
the american version of the santa claus figure received its
inspiration and its name from the dutch legend of sinter klaas,
brought by settlers to new york in the 17th century.
as early as 1773 the name appeared in the american press as
a claus,
americans their first detailed information about the dutch version of
saint nicholas. in his history of new york, published in 1809 under
the pseudonym diedrich knickerbocker, irving described the arrival of
the saint on horseback (unaccompanied by black peter) each eve of
saint nicholas.
this dutch-american saint nick achieved his fully americanized
form in 1823 in the poem a visit from saint nicholas more commonly
known as the night before christmas by writer clement clarke moore.
moore included such details as the names of the reindeer; santa
claus's laughs, winks, and nods; and the method by which saint
nicholas, referred to as an elf, returns up the chimney. (moore's
phrase
irving's 1809 description.)
the american image of santa claus was further elaborated by
illustrator thomas nast, who depicted a rotund santa for christmas
issues of harper's magazine from the 1860s to the 1880s. nast added
such details as santa's workshop at the north pole and santa's list
of the good and bad children of the world. a human-sized version of
santa claus, rather than the elf of moore's poem, was depicted in a
series of illustrations for coca-cola advertisements introduced in
1931 that introduced and made the red santa suits an icon. in modern
versions of the santa claus legend, only his toy-shop workers are
elves. rudolph, the ninth reindeer, with a red and shiny nose, was
invented in 1939 by an advertising writer for the montgomery ward
company.
in looking for the historical roots of santa claus, one must go
very deep in the past. one discovers that santa claus as we know him
is a combination of many different legends and mythical creatures.
the basis for the christian-era santa claus is bishop nicholas of
smyrna (izmir), in what is now turkey. nicholas lived in the 4th
century a.d. he was very rich, generous, and loving toward children.
often he gave joy to poor children by throwing gifts in through their
windows.
the orthodox church later raised st. nicholas, miracle worker, to
a position of great esteem. it was in his honor that russia's oldest
church, for example, was built. for its part, the roman catholic
church honored nicholas as one who helped children and the poor. st.
nicholas became the patron saint of children and seafarers. his name
day is december 6th.
in the protestant areas of central and northern germany, st.
nicholas later became known as der weinachtsmann. in england he came
to be called father christmas. st. nicholas made his way to the
united states with dutch immigrants, and began to be referred to as
santa claus.
in north american poetry and illustrations, santa claus, in his
white beard, red jacket and pompom-topped cap, would sally forth on