胫腓骨高考英语一轮复习(语法)名词性从句

2021年1月14日发(作者：池越忠)
高考英语一轮复习（语法）——名词性从句
名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从
句的连词有：
A.连词：that, whether, if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，同时，that无含义，
而whether和if都表“是否”）
B.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which
C.疑问副词：when, where, why, how

（一）主语从句
在复合句中充当主语的从句。
引导主语从句
that引导主语 从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分，只起单纯的
连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调th at引导的主语从句而置之于句首时，
that不可省。
①That the driver could not control his car was obvious.
②That she was chosen made us very happy.
③That he will come is certain.
④That he would take the risk is true.
⑤That he should have married her isn't surprising.
★通常，that引导主 语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that
有时可省。例如：
①It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
②It made us very happy that she was chosen.
③It is certain that he will come.
④It is true that he would take the risk.
⑤It isn't surprising (that) he should have married her.
★如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：
①Is it certain that he will come?
②Is it true that he would take the risk?
▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：
(1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句
①It is likely that he will come.
②It is strange that she has ever trusted him.
③It is important that he（should) attend the meeting.
④It is best that he (should) go.
此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常
用（should）+ v原形。
It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.
(2)It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish...
It's a pity that he should have massed the train.
(3) It + be + -ed分词 + that从句
It is said that he is a famous writer.
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.
▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，th at从句中的谓语动词常用
（should）do。（参见虚拟语气部分）
It is suggested that the meeting(should）be held this afternoon.
It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.
(4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物 动词+that从句。（look不接that从句，
它接to be结构或形容词）
It seems that he is wrong.
It appears that they are in urgent need of help.
He looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad.
2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只 起连接作用，不充当任何成分。(置
于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。 )
Whether he will win the game is not clear.
Whether he will come is uncertain.
Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me.
It is not clear whether/if he will come.
It was uncertain whether he would come.
3.连词代词what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句。
这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
What we need is more time.
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
Whose book it is not important.
Which school you want to go matters much.
4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。
这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。
Why he did this is not known.
When he will come is still unknown.
It is not known why he did this.
How he succeeded is unknown to us.
Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.
注意 wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。
5.也可用w hatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句 ，
表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。
Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.
Whatever he gave you should be handed in.
Whoever told you that was lying.
Whoever comes is welcome.

（二）表语从句
在复合句中充当表语。
1. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。
1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。
The fact is that he is lying.
The odds are that he will not do it.
2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。
Our belief is that things will improve.
The trouble is that we are short of money.
2. whether引导表语从句（不可用if)
His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.
The question is whether people will buy it.
3.连接代词引导的表语从句。
This is what I want.
The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company.
My question is which of them is better.
4.连接副词引导的表语从句。
The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.
The question is where we should go.
5. as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）
He looks as if he were angry.