塞被动语态的翻译

2021年1月16日发(作者：曲进贤)英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下 文等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽然也用被动语态，但使用范围要狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，译成汉 语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有些可以保持被动语态。

I: 译成汉语主动句

1、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语

eg: By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the

organization.

战争结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。
2、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语

eg: On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were

dismissed briefly.

在他们国内电台的广播中， 中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。

3、译成带表语的主动句

eg: The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Florida.

机组人员是在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地训练的。

II: 译成汉语被动句：汉语也有用被动形式来表达的情况。这一类句子中，都是着重被动的动作，有些说出了动作的主 动者，有些则不说出动作的主动者。英语被动句译成汉语被动句时往往借助于以下各种方式：

1 、“被……”或“给……”

eg: I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me.

我开始解释，我不可能干得更好，因为我 的眼镜已给拿走了。



2、“（遭）受到……”

eg: Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.

我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。

3 、“为……所……”

eg: I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a

Christmas card.

我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们 写在圣诞贺卡上。



III：译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句

eg: People were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.

八点钟的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。

eg: The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.

大火使这家著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。

eg: Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse.

他妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。