稍安勿躁电影1996年01月英语四级试题(阅读)

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Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（流星） but also because of
rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket
on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food, which
we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come
through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun
are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this
radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do
prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is
called “rem”. Scientists have
reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without
being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is
extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage -a person may feel perfectly
well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be
discovered until the birth of deformed（畸形的） children or even grandchildren.
Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the
outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So
far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions
have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when
they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a
space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no
really effective ones have been found so far.
51. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that
______.
A) it protects him against the harmful rays from space
B) it provides sufficient light for plant growth
C) it supplies the heat necessary for human survival
D) it screens off the falling meteors
52. We know from the passage that ________.
A) exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal
B) the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming
C) radiation is avoidable in space exploration
D) astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damage

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53. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members _______.
A) is insignificant
B)seems overestimated
C) is enormous
D) remains unknown
54. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) the Apollo mission was very successful
B) protection from space radiation is no easy job
C) astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren
D) radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers
55. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A) The Atmosphere and Our Environment
B) Research on Radiation
C) Effects of Space Radiation
D) Importance Protection Against Radiation

Passage Two
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for
food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s
opinion. But because the two big cola（可口可乐） companies—Coca- Cola and Pepsi
Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference
actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who
identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind
tasting.
We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic （传
统型）or Pepsi, Diet（低糖的）Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought
they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.
We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed
them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group,
diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or
Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices
with what mere guess- work could have accomplished.
Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for
people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19
regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The
diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.
While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in
each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people go all four samples
wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as
on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results
suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell
their favorite brand by taste and price.
56. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______.

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A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking
B) reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers
C) show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work
D) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks
57. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show ______.
A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks
B) there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi
C) few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi
D) people’s tastes differ from one another
58. It is implied in the first paragraph that _______.
A) the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas
B) the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies
C) the competition between the two colas is very strong
D) blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans
59. The word “burnout” (Line 4, Para.5) here refers to the state of ______.
A) being seriously burnt in the skin
B) being unable to burn for lack of fuel
C) being badly damaged by fire
D) being unable to function because of excessive use
60. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ______.
A) show that taste preference is highly subjective
B) argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy
C) emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other
D) recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas
NoPage] Passage Three
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood;
but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the
organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an
organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and
environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because
the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is
modified by the organism and vice versa （反之亦然）.
In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more
complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer
（持有者） of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the
environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal
with things like climate, soil, plants and such-like factors common to all biological
situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we
can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But
man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture,
we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of
climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of
viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part