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电影平型关大捷辽宁辽宁省实验中学营口分校高中英语阅读理解经典例题doc

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-17 11:51
tags:高中英语阅读, 英语, 高中教育

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2021年1月17日发(作者:乐理)


一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解

A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These
experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they
often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which
makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万
亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.

Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound
patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound
patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern
mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible
for speech was more active during theA-B-Bpattern. This shows that babies can tell the
difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order.

Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words
and grammar.
end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught
John.'”

Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions,
audio books, the Internet, or smartphones-no matter how educational-doesn't appear to be
enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American
babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of
learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they
found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar
Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies-regardless of whether they had
watched the video or listened to the audio-learned nothing.

(1)What makes connections in a baby's brain?

A. Having a higher IQ. B. Experiencing new information.

C. The baby' early age. D. The connection with other babies.

(2)What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?

A. Babies identify different sound patterns.

B. Word order is relevant to meaning.

C. Babies can well understand different words.

D. A certain brain region processes language.

(3)What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Grammar is important in learning languages.

B. Different orders have different meanings.

C. Different languages have different grammar.

D. Words have different sounds.

(4)What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?

A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.

B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.

C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.

D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.

【答案】 (1)B

(2)A

(3)B

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章, 介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要,而媒
介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显,最有效的是面对面 语言输入。

(1)细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things,
which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知,婴儿接收到不同信息,可
以让大脑不同部分形成连接,故选B。

(2)推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for
speech was more active during the
between different patterns.可知,实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式,故选A。

(3)句意猜测题。根据第三段
difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught Joh n.'”可知,有些东西
放在句首和句尾,会有很大的不同,比如John抓住了熊,和熊抓住了Joh n,意思是不一
样的,可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的,顺序不同,意思不同,故选B。
(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that
language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones-no matter how
educational-doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知,通过电视、
网络等媒介的语言教 学,对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的,并且后面的实验表明,面对面的语
言输入才有效,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅
读, 要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的
技巧快速在文章中寻 找与此问题相关的:段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分
析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正 确答案。


2.阅读理解

Book: No Looking Back

Author: Shivani Gupta

Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a
car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life
and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her
family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in-she wouldn't let her injury keep her
from achieving her ambitions.

Book: Courage Beyond Compare

Author: Sanjay Sharma

The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming, and
badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to
reach the top of their chosen fields.

Book: Face to Face

Author: Ved Mehta

Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to
the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15. America and the school changed
his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career.

Book: This Star Won's Go Out

Author: Lori and Wayne Earl

Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager.
She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister
and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands
through her growing online presence.

(1)The book No Looking Back mainly talks about________.

A. an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents

B. 10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field

C. a successful author who was blind during his childhood

D. an inspiring teenager who died of cancer

(2)When reading the book written by Sanjay Sharma, we will______.

the author is a sports lover

inspired by the sportspersons' spirits

proud to be a sportsperson

sportspersons are full of power

(3)In which book does the author tell of himself?

to Face

Star Won't Go Out

e Beyond Compare

Looking Back

【答案】 (1)A

(2)B

(3)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本书及其作者和书的简介。

(1)考查段落大意。根据 Book: No Looking Back部分中的“Shivani had thrown a party one
evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash.”和第三句“Then tragedy
struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into
her car.”一天晚上Shiv ani举行一个聚会,等她醒来时发现自己由于车祸住进了医院。然后
悲剧再次发生,当新婚的Shiv ani开车带家人去Manali时,一辆卡车和她的车相撞,可
知,这本书主要讲述了经历两次车祸的 不幸女孩Shivani的故事。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据Book: Courage Beyond Compare部分中的“They overcame their
physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.”这些运动员克服身体局限达到他们
自己所选择领域的顶峰,可知,我们 会从这些运动员不屈不挠的精神中获得鼓舞。故选
B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据Book: Face to Face部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author
led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind,”作者自
从四岁时失明,在印度他度过了孤独的童年,最 终考取了Arkansas盲人学校,可知,在书
中作者讲述自己的故事。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅
读,要求考生在 捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推
理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答 案。


3.阅读理解

I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the
arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course
particularly features Napoleon.

Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the
throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with
towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches.

It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits
of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little
piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the
tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals
and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth,
the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon, the
new ruler of Elba.

I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother,
but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father,
Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his
mini- kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasn't troubled much by this. He was too busy riding
everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his
tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.

In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放
的) conqueror's anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse
of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon
spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to France and the throne.

(1)What did the author do for the visit to Elba?

A. He did research on its past. B. He arranged transportation.

C. He planned bicycling routes. D. He booked accommodation.

(2)Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?

A. Napoleon and his army. B. Etruscans and other Greeks. C. Dorians. D. Romans.

(3)What does the underlined word

d.

.

.

lled.

(4)What came to the author's mind during his visit to Napoleon's gardens?

ful views on Elba.

le living conditions on Elba.

on's ambition to regain power.

ip of Napoleon's return to France.

【答案】 (1)A

(2)C

(3)A

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文, 作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之
旅,作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛 上的生活事迹。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I studied the history of the island, which of course
particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜 访对它过去的历史做了一些学习
和研究,故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it,
Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island .”可知早在伊特鲁里
亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前,多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛,并在 岛上采
矿。故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者,故选C。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in
visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知Marie Louise住在Viennese很安全,对 去她丈
夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。live对应上文的ensconce,意思为“定居;安置”,故选 A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to
me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后面的花
园里,作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服 者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园
时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅
读, 考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,而选出
正确答案。


4.阅读理解

By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led
by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans
significantly breastfed their infants (婴儿) for longer periods than their contemporary relatives.

The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice
of weaning (断奶)that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.

The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil
relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the
proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素)in the tooth enamel(牙釉质), which are a
function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代) was
breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played
a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(血统), such as the brain
development.

In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago
and were a more robust species in terms of dental anatomy, as well as infants of Australopithecus
africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months
of life.

These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures
of groups as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next.

One of the study's lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said:
breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs
among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great
apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.

The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of
the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social
groups, brain development.

However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years
old is a challenge and, so far, little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil
species.

The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes compositions in
the fossil record in order to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits
such as brain size or social behaviors.

/first-human-ancestors- breastfed-for-longer-than-
contemporary- relatives/

/releases/2019/08/

(1)What do we know the findings of the team?

A. It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.

B. It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.

C. It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.

D. It's contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.

(2)What does the underlined phrase behavioral differencesin Paragraph 7 most
probably refer to?

A. Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.

B. Differences in the social structure of groups.

C. Differences in the practice of weaning.

D. Differences in the change of behaviors.

(3)What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The evolution of human lineage.

B. The possible influence of nursing behaviors.

C. The exploration of compositions in the fossil.

D. The function of mother milk at the age of infants.

【答案】 (1)A

(2)C

(3)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究,科学家们发现第一批
用母乳喂养婴 儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多,而这种育幼差异可能在
人类进化中扮演了重要角色 ,比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The results, published in the journal Science Advances,
provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂
志上,为断奶行 为提供了第一手资料,而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选A。

(2)考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的“The practice of weaning -- the duration of
breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs
among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great
apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.”可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同,
而且人类 和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的,即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有
差异的,而画线部分的 such 就是指上文提到的内容。故选C。

(3)考查主旨大意。根据第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences … in
the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and
structure of social groups, brain development.”可知,这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成
员的进化中扮演了重要角色,例如与社会群体的大小和结构,大脑的发展有关。所以短文
主要是关于育 幼行为可能带来的影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和主旨大意三 个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅
读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系, 进行分析,推
理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。


5.阅读理解

Hi, I'm Neil Harbisso. I come from a place where the sky is always grey, where flowers are
always grey, and where television is still in black and white.

I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist. I was born with achromatopsia. I was
born completely color-blind. So I've never seen color, and don't know what it looks like. But since
the age of 21, I can hear color thanks to a magic electronic eye called
between my eyes connected to a chip(芯片) installed at the back of my head that transforms
color frequencies into sound frequencies that I hear through my bone.

I've had the electronic eye permanently attached to my head and I've been listening to colors
nonstop since 2004. So I find it completely normal now to hear colors all the time.

Since I started to hear color, my life has changed significantly. Art galleries have become
concert halls. I can hear a Picasso. And supermarkets have become like night clubs. I love how
they sound.

My sense of beauty has changed. Someone might look very beautiful but sound terrible, and
someone might sound very harmonious but look awful. So I find it really exciting to create sound
portraits(画像) of people. Instead of drawing the shape of someone's face I write down the
different notes I hear when I look at them, and then I send them an mp3 of their face. Each face
sounds different. I can even give face concerts now, concerts where I play the audience's faces.
The good thing about doing this is that if the concert doesn't sound good, it's their fault.

I also found out that things I thought were colorless are not colorless at all. Cities are not grey.
Lisbon is yellow turquoise(宝石绿); London is very golden red…and humans are not black and
white. Human skins range from light shades of orange to very dark shades of orange. We are all
orange.

If we extend our senses, we will consequently extend our knowledge.

(1)We can infer from the article that people with achromatopsia ____________.

A. suffer from blindness B. have a good sense of colors

C. are not able to see colors D. like to go to concert halls and supermarkets

(2)What does the author mean by saying

A. Art galleries have been changed into various sounds.

B. Works at the art galleries are created by great musicians.

C. Art galleries are filled with noisy people.

D. The author now likes art galleries as much as concert halls.

(3)Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Neil developed a rare disease in his childhood.

B. The eyeborg produces sounds based on shades of colors.

C. Neil will use the eyeborg for the rest of his life.

D. In Neil's mind, all people are orange.

(4)What is the best title for the passage?

A. Eyeborg–a real life saver. B. I listen to color.

C. Sense the world. D. Art galleries turned into concert halls.

【答案】 (1)C

(2)A

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,从小患有色盲的作者,利用颜 色传感器来听自己看
不见的颜色,从而形成了作者与众不同的美感。作者认为如果我们扩展我们的感官, 我们
将因此扩展我们的知识。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist.
I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind.”我来自一个没有颜色的世
界。我生来患 有色盲。我生来就是色盲。可推断,患有色盲的人是看不见颜色的。故选
C。

(2)考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“Since I started to hear color, my life has changed
significantly.”自从我开始听到颜色,我的生活发生了巨大的变化;以及空后“I can hear a
Picasso.”我能听见毕加索的声音。可知作者说艺术画廊变成了音乐厅 意思是对作者来说,
艺术画廊已经变成了各种各样的声音。故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist.
I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind.” 我来自一个没有颜色的世
界。我生来患有色盲。我生来就是色盲。可知A选项尼尔小时候得了一种罕见的 疾病。
错误。故选A。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“I've had the electronic eye permanently attached to my
head and I've been listening to colors nonstop since 2004. So I find it completely normal now to
hear colors all the time.”我把电子眼固定在头上,从2004年开始我 就不停地听彩色音乐。所
以我发现现在一直听到颜色是完全正常的。以及文章主要内容为生来是色盲的作 者讲述自
己听颜色的事情,故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测, 推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一
篇故事类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根 据上下文的逻辑关系,进行
分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。


6.阅读理解

The Largest World Fairs of All Time

New York World Fair — New York, 1939

The 1939 New York World Fair was the largest exposition (博览会) in US history with visitors
over 14 million. The Fair was planned during the Great Depression and was aimed at relieving the
city from economic depression by attracting foreign investment. Major inventions to emerge (出
现) at the New York World Fair included nylon fabric, a streamlined pencil sharpener, and a
futuristic car city imagined by General Moiors.

Exposition liniverselle — Paris, 1900

The Exposition Universelle was one of the earliest expositions to feature multiple countries
with France inviting various countries to display their technological advancements and cultural
heritage. Exposition Universelle was the birthplace of many inventions that we enjoy today
including escalators (自动扶梯) and talking films.

Expo' 70 — Osaka, Japan

Expo' 70 was the biggest exposition of the 20th century and the second largest in history. Expo
70 had a record attendance of over 64 million visitors, a 40-year record that would not be broken
until Expo 2010 in Shanghai. Notable exhibitions included a large piece of moon rock that was
brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.

Expo 2010 — Shanghai. China

Expo 2010 goes down as the largest fair in history, having attracted 73 million people. It also
had the highest international participation of any exposition in the world with 246 countries
participating. The opening ceremony featured the biggest LED screen in the world as well as one
of the biggest fireworks displays in history.

(1)Which Expo is the biggest one in history?

A. Expo 70 — Osaka. Japan. B. Exposition Universelle — Paris

C. Expo 2010 — Shanghai, China. D. New York World Fair — New York

(2)What is the purpose of New York World Fair?

A. To attract more inventions. B. To improve the nation's economy.

C. To display the technological development. D. To share achievements with other countries.

(3)What did Expo 70 in Japan feature?

A. A piece of rock from space. B. A rocket in the Apollo 12 mission.

C. The cultural heritage from countries. D. The biggest LED screen in the world.

【答案】 (1)C

(2)B

(3)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了几个有史以来最大的世界博览会。

(1)考查细节理解。根据Expo 2010 — Shanghai. China部分中的“Expo 2010 goes down as
the largest fair in history”可知,2010年上海世博会是历史上规模最大的一届世博会,故选
C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据New York World Fair — New York, 1939部分中的“aimed at
relieving the city from economic depression by attracting foreign investme nt.”可知,纽约世博会
的目的是通过吸引外资来缓解国内经济萧条,也就是改善国家经济,故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据Expo' 70 — Osaka, Japan部分中的“Notable exhibitions included a
large piece of moon rock that was brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.”可知,第70届日
本世博会的特色是展出了阿波罗12号带回 来的一大块月球岩石,故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类 阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节
信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。


7.阅读理解

Most adults find it hard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have
found exactly when these childhood memories fade(消失).

A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them
over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they
are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.

Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under
the age of three, according to the new findings.

The scientists behind the research say this is because at around this age the way we form
memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense
of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall
tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster rate of
forgetting than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear
memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later.

The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events
from their past, such as family outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children
then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events.
The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the
children could recall remained between 63 -72 percent. However, the amount of information
eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.

(1)What does the new study tell us?

ood memories decline with years.

-year-old kids are the cleverest.

ood memories can fade easily.

adults cannot recall past events.

(2)What does the underlined word

.

.

.

.

(3)What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

cannot have clear memories of past events.

en can think like adults when they get older.

en under 7 years old have different ways of forming memories.

en often forget things because they have no idea of time or place.

(4)In the second session, nine-year-old children _________.

d to discuss the same events

ered all their family outings

recall 72 percent of their past events

remembered a small part of their past events

【答案】 (1)A

(2)B

(3)D

(4)D

【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。大多数三岁的孩子都
能回忆起一年前发生在他 们身上的许多事情,这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在,但到七
岁以上时,这些记忆会迅速衰退。在七岁 之前,孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。在
5到7岁之间,孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到 72%之间。然而,8至9岁儿童能够
回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段“A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall
a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are
five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”一项新
的研究发现,大多数三岁的孩 子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情,这些记忆
在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在,但当他们超过 七岁时,这些记忆迅速衰退。可知新研究告
诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。 故选A。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“but by the time they are over seven, these memories
decline(衰退) rapidly .”到七岁以上时,这些记忆会迅速衰退,可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时
依然存在,故划线单词pers ist的意思是:存在,保留。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“They say that before the age of seven children do not
have a sense of time and place in their memori es.”他们说在七岁之前,孩子们在记忆中没有时
间感和位置感。可知孩子们经常忘记事情,因为他们 没有时间感位置感,故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ However, the amount of information eight-to nine-
year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.”然而,8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的
信息量下降到35%和36 %。可知在第二阶段,九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事
情。故选D。

【点 评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅
读,考生需要准确捕 捉细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选
出正确答案。


8.阅读理解

Positive thinking is a significant element of happiness. In order to become a positive thinker,
determination and consistency are important. The first thing to know about positive thinking is
that everyone can do it. With certain cognitive (认知的) and behavioral changes, we can all
become positive thinkers. Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not
mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it
just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.

Instead of selectively attending to negative events, focus on the positive ones. Then pay
attention to the delayed consequences of your behavior rather than the immediate ones. For
example, if a job is not going like you want, focus on the fact that you have a job and how you can
take your time to make the situation better.

Challenge any internal attributions and see if you compare your behavior to standards that are
excessively rigid and perfectionistic. If so, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons.
For example, if you constantly compare your weaknesses with other people's strengths, then
switch this and compare yourself with those who are doing poorer than you as well. Overall,
people who focus more on their strengths than their weaknesses but at the same time are aware
of their weaknesses have a healthier self-evaluation result.

When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the worst case and visualize a
solution for it, then let go of fear. This way, you will be prepared for anything and your fear will
not block you from being open and creative to different solutions. For example, if you are
constantly worried about losing your job up to a point where it is creating a lot of anxiety and fear
and is effecting your performance and your happiness negatively, then think of losing your job,
visualize how you will handle it, find solutions in your mind and then let go of the thought and
the fear attached to it.

So positive thinkers are better problem solvers and have better interactions. In addition to that,
people who are positive thinkers are happier and more satisfied with their life.

(1)Why is positive thinking a significant element of happiness?

A. It means that one is blind to the troubles and difficulties that exist.

B. It means that one constantly compares everything with other people's.

C. It means that one is strong in mind and has nothing to be afraid of.

D. It means that one approaches life and faces challenges more healthily.

(2)What does the text suggest about the job you don't like?

A. Quitting it and finding a better one. B. Keeping and trying to make it better.

C. Being negative and numb to it. D. Challenging yourself with a new outlook.

(3)What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?

A. Be prepared for the worst: and let go of fear.

B. Being constantly worried will lose your job.

C. Fear will prevent you being open and creative.

D. There is nothing to fear if well prepared.

(4)What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. How to focus on the positive events B. How to be a positive thinker

C. What to do when faced with fear D. What to know of self-evaluation

【答案】 (1)D

(2)B

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】 【分析】本文为是一篇议论文,积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。要想成为一
个积极的思考者,决心和 毅力必不可少。首先你要知道,每个人都能成为积极思考者。只
要改善一定的认知和行为,我们都可以做 到。文章论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的” Another important factor is that being a positive
thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or
is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.“另
一个重要的因素是,做一个积极的思考者并不意味着你对生活中任何不完美的事情 麻木不
仁或是带有悲观的色彩——这只是意味着你以一种更健康的态度对待生活和面对挑战,可
推知,积极思考能让一个人更健康地对待生活和面对挑战,这也是一个人感到幸福的重要
因素。故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus
on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better.“例
如,如果一份工作不像你想要的那 样,把注意力集中在你有一份工作这个事实上,以及你
如何花时间让情况变得更好,可知,当你有一份不 喜欢的工作的时候,你应该坚持并努力
让它变得更好。故选B。

(3)考查段落大意。第四段中的”When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine
the worst case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear.“ 当面对太多的恐惧时,想象最
坏的情况,想象一个解决方案,然后放下恐惧。是主题句,也是本段论述的 主题。故选
A。

(4)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知,本文论述了如何成为一个积 极的思考者。因此,B项
“如何成为一个积极的思考者”适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断,段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一
篇教 育类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息的基础上,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概
括归纳,从而选出正 确答案。

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