名侦探柯南沉默的15分钟Ted英语演讲稿：On what we think we know？我们以为自己知道的范文

2021年1月17日发(作者：律诗)





Ted英语演讲稿：On what we think we know？我们以
为自己知道的范文


本文是关于Ted英语演讲稿：On what we think we know？我们以为自己知
道的范文，仅供参考，希望对您有所帮助，感谢阅读。
I'm going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don't understand
as much as we think we do. I'd like to begin with four questions. This is
not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year. That's an in-joke,
by the way.
我会试着解释为何 我们知道的东西很可能并没有我们自以为知道的多 我想
从四个问题开始,不是那种今年流行的文化问题 对了，刚刚那句是个圈内笑话
But these four questions, actually, are ones that people who even know
quite a lot about science find quite hard. And they're questions that I've
asked of science television producers, of audiences of science educators
-- so that's science teachers -- and also of seven-year-olds, and I find
that the seven-year-olds do marginally better than the other audiences,
which is somewhat surprising.
不过这四个问题，事实上 即使是很懂科学的人也会觉得很难应答 我拿这些
问题去问科学节目制片人 问那些有科学教育背景的观众 也问教科学的老师还有
七岁孩童 我发现七岁孩童答得比其他人好 这是有些令人惊讶
So the first question, and you might want to write this down, either
on a bit of paper, physically, or a virtual piece of paper in your head.
And, for viewers at home, you can try this as well.
第一个问题，我建议你把问题记下来 抄在纸上，或想像中的纸上 坐在电脑
前的你也可以试著作答.
A little seed weighs next to nothing and a tree weighs a lot, right?
I think we agree on that. Where does the tree get the stuff that makes up
this chair, right? Where does all this stuff come from?










种籽很轻，而大树很重，是吗?我想我们都同意吧，大树用来制成椅子的东西
是从哪来的? 对吧?这些东西都是怎么来的?
(Knocks)
(敲椅声)
And your next question is, can you light a little torch-bulb with a
battery, a bulb and one piece of wire? And would you be able to, kind of,
draw a -- you don't have to draw the diagram, but would you be able to draw
the diagram, if you had to do it? Or would you just say, that's actually
not possible?
问题二，你能否点亮一个小灯泡 只用1个电池、1个灯泡、和1条电线? 那
你能画出上述问题的图解吗?不用真的画 但如果需要的话， 你能画出来吗? 还是
你会说 这个不可能?
The third question is, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? I
think we can probably agree that it is hotter in summer than in winter,
but why? And finally, would you be able to -- and you can sort of scribble
it, if you like -- scribble a plan diagram of the solar system, showing
the shape of the planets' orbits? Would you be able to do that? And if you
can, just scribble a pattern.
第三个问题，为什么夏天比冬天热? 大家应该都同意夏天比冬天还热 但为何
如此?最后，你能不能 简单的勾勒出 太阳系的平面图... 呈现出行星轨道运行的
形状 你可以画得出来吗? 你画得出来的话，就把形状画出来
OK. Now, children get their ideas not from teachers, as teachers often
think, but actually from common sense, from experience of the world around
them, from all the things that go on between them and their peers, and their
carers, and their parents, and all of that. Experience. And one of the great
experts in this field, of course, was, bless him, Cardinal Wolsey. Be very
careful what you get into people's heads because it's virtually impossible
to shift it afterwards, right?










好，孩童对事物的概念不是老师教的 老师时常这么以为，但实际上概念来自
于常理 来自于孩童对周遭世界的体验 来自于他们跟同伴彼此交流 还有跟保姆、
父母亲、所有人交流的经验 这个领域中的一个专家，对了，愿他安息 就是渥西
主教，他说要你将东西放进其他人的闹袋里的时候要小心 因为那些东西几乎不会
再改变，对吧?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
I'm not quite sure how he died, actually. Was he beheaded in the end,
or hung?
我不太清楚他的死因，真的 他最后上了断头台?还是被吊死?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Now, those questions, which, of course, you've got right, and you
haven't been conferring, and so on. And I -- you know, normally, I would
pick people out and humiliate, but maybe not in this instance.
现在回到那四个问题，大家都知道是什么问题了 你们彼此之间也没有讨论答
案 我平时习惯点人站起来回答让他丢脸 不过这次就不点了
A little seed weighs a lot and, basically, all this stuff, 99 percent
of this stuff, came out of the air. Now, I guarantee that about 85 percent
of you, or maybe it's fewer at TED, will have said it comes out of the ground.
And some people, probably two of you, will come up and argue with me
afterwards, and say that actually, it comes out of the ground. Now, if that
was true, we'd have trucks going round the country, filling people's gardens
in with soil, it'd be a fantastic business. But, actually, we don't do that.
The mass of this comes out of the air. Now, I passed all my biology exams
in Britain. I passed them really well, but I still came out of school
thinking that that stuff came out of the ground.
种籽可以很重，基本上所有的这些 99%都来自于空气 我相信有85%的人，或










许在你们TED会比较少 会说木材来自于大地，而有些人 也许你们中的一两位， 可
能结束后会来找我争论 说木材其实是来自于大地 若是如此，那我们就会有让卡
车跑来跑去 把人们的花园都填上土，那会是很棒的生意。 不过实际上我们不会
那么做 因为木材的材料大部分其实是从空气中来的 我在英国念书时考生物每考
必过 我的成绩很好，但毕业后 还是以为木材来自于大地
Second one: can you light a little torch-bulb with a battery bulb and
one piece of wire? Yes, you can, and I'll show you in a second how to do
that. Now, I have some rather bad news, which is that I had a piece of video
that I was about to show you, which unfortunately -- the sound doesn't work
in this room, so I'm going to describe to you, in true pythonfashion,
what happens in the video. And in the video, a group of researchers go to
MIT on graduation day. We chose MIT because, obviously, that's a very long
way away from here, and you wouldn't mind too much, but it sort of works
the same way in Britain and in the West Coast of the USA. And we asked them
these questions, and we asked those questions of science graduates, and
they couldn't answer them. And so, there's a whole lot of people saying,
be very surprised if you told me that this came out of the air. That's
very surprising to me.
it with,
British-like hubris.
你能用一枚电池和一根电线点亮灯泡吗? 是，你可以，我会示范怎么做。 不
过，现在有个坏消息 本来有个影片要给大家看 可惜在这边声音放不出来 所以我
就口头描述一下的，用巨蟒剧团的表演方式， 影片内容是这样的，在影片里有一
群研究员 在毕业典礼那天去麻省理工学院 为什么是麻省理工呢?因为它离这里
很远 大家也就不会太介意 不过场景设在英国结果也差不多 或是设在美国西岸
我们问了麻省理工的毕业生这四个问题 这些理工科毕业生也答不出来 而且还有
很多学生表示 “我很惊讶你说木材是从空气中来的 ”这真的让我很吃惊“，那
些理工的毕业生这么说 我们用”我们是全球第一的理工大学“来作影片的结尾。










因为英国人很傲慢
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And when we gave graduate engineers that question, they said it couldn't
be done. And when we gave them a battery, and a piece of wire, and a bulb,
and said,
different from Imperial College in London, by the way, it's not some sort
of anti-American thing going on.
我们拿第二个问题去问硕士毕业的工程师们 他们说这不可能做得到 我们拿
了电池、电线、和灯泡 问他们”你能做到吗?“，他们没办法，是吧? 顺道一提，
伦敦的帝国学院的情况估计也差不多如此 我们不是在做什么反美的事
As if. Now, the reason this matters is we pay lots and lots of money
for teaching people -- we might as well get it right. And there are also
some societal reasons why we might want people to understand what it is
that's happening in photosynthesis. For example, one half of the carbon
equation is how much we emit, and the other half of the carbon equation,
as I'm very conscious as a trustee of Kew, is how much things soak up, and
they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
虽然听来颇像。问题的关键是我们花了很多钱 来教育大众，我们应该正确地
来做这件事。 其中也有一些社会因素 让我们想使大众了解光合作用如何运作 例
如，有一半的碳储量是人类排放的 而另一半碳储量 我相当关切，身为皇家植物
园的受托管理人
That's what plants actually do for a living. And, for any Finnish people
in the audience, this is a Finnish pun: we are, both literally and
metaphorically, skating on thin ice if we don't understand that kind of
, here's how you do the battery and the bulb. It's so easy, isn't
it? Of course, you all knew that. But if you haven't played with a battery
and a bulb, if you've only seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able










to do that, and that's one of the problems.
是植物吸收多少二氧化碳 植物就是以此维生的 如果在场有芬兰人，这是芬
兰话的双关语 我们无论在实际上或隐喻上，都是如履薄冰 要是我们不明白那些
事 电池和灯泡只要这要做就行 很简单，不是吗?你们都懂了 但要是你没有亲手
碰过电池和灯泡 如果你只看过电路图 你可能就做不出来，这是个麻烦
So, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? We learn, as children,
that you get closer to something that's hot, and it burns you. It's a very
powerful bit of learning, and it happens pretty early on. By extension,
we think to ourselves,
because we're closer to the Sun.
got that. Oh, you're all shaking your heads, but only a few of you are shaking
your heads very firmly.
那么，为何夏天比冬天热? 我们从小就知道，离热的东西太近 你就被烫到，
这真很有效的教育方法 很小的时候大家就学到了 延伸这个论点，我们觉得夏天
比冬天热 一定是因为我们离太阳比较近 我相信大多人都懂了 哦，大家都在摇头
不过只有几个人摇得很坚定
Other ones are kind of going like this. All right. It's hotter in summer
than in winter because the rays from the Sun are spread out more, right,
because of the tilt of the Earth. And if you think the tilt is tilting us
closer, no, it isn't. The Sun is 93 million miles away, and we're tilting
like this, right? It makes no odds. In fact, in the Northern Hemisphere,
we're further from the Sun in summer, as it happens, but it makes no odds,
the difference.
其他人只是这样子摇而已，好吧 夏天比冬天热是因为太阳的辐射线 传播得
比较多，地球倾斜的关系 如果你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜，那就错了 太阳离地
球1亿5千万公里，地球倾斜角度大略如此 倾斜不是差别所在，在北半球 夏天
时我们离太阳更远 跟倾斜没有关系
OK, now, the scribble of the diagram of the solar system. If you believe,