个性签名头像英语演讲稿我们以为自己知道的范文演讲稿.doc

2021年1月17日发(作者：好朋友的歌词)
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Ted英语演讲稿：On what we think we know？我们以为
自己知道的范文_演讲稿

I'm going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don't
understand as much as we think we do. I'd like to begin with four questions.
This is not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year. That's an in-joke, by
the way.

我会试着解释为何 我们知道的东西很可能并没有我们自以为知道的多
我想从四个问题开始,不是那种今年流行的文化问题 对了，刚刚那句是个圈内
笑话

But these four questions, actually, are ones that people who even
know quite a lot about science find quite hard. And they're questions that I've
asked of science television producers, of audiences of science educators -- so
that's science teachers -- and also of seven- year-olds, and I find that the
seven-year-olds do marginally better than the other audiences, which is
somewhat surprising.

不过这四个问题，事实上 即使是很懂科学的人也会觉得很难应答 我
拿这些问题去问科学节目制片人 问那些有科学教育背景的观众 也问教科学的
老师还有七岁孩童 我发现七岁孩童答得比其他人好 这是有些令人惊讶

So the first question, and you might want to write this down, either on
a bit of paper, physically, or a virtual piece of paper in your head. And, for
viewers at home, you can try this as well.

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第一个问题，我建议你把问题记下来 抄在纸上，或想像中的纸上 坐
在电脑前的你也可以试著作答.

A little seed weighs next to nothing and a tree weighs a lot, right? I
think we agree on that. Where does the tree get the stuff that makes up this
chair, right? Where does all this stuff come from?

种籽很轻，而大树很重，是吗?我想我们都同意吧，大树用来制成椅子
的东西是从哪来的? 对吧?这些东西都是怎么来的?

(Knocks)

(敲椅声)

And your next question is, can you light a little torch-bulb with a
battery, a bulb and one piece of wire? And would you be able to, kind of, draw
a -- you don't have to draw the diagram, but would you be able to draw the
diagram, if you had to do it? Or would you just say, that's actually not possible?

问题二，你能否点亮一个小灯泡 只用1个电池、1个灯泡、和1条电
线? 那你能画出上述问题的图解吗?不用真的画 但如果需要的话， 你能画出来
吗? 还是你会说 这个不可能?

The third question is, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? I
think we can probably agree that it is hotter in summer than in winter, but why?
And finally, would you be able to -- and you can sort of scribble it, if you like --
scribble a plan diagram of the solar system, showing the shape of the planets'
orbits? Would you be able to do that? And if you can, just scribble a pattern.

第三个问题，为什么夏天比冬天热? 大家应该都同意夏天比冬天还热
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但为何如此?最后，你能不能 简单的勾勒出 太阳系的平面图... 呈现出行星轨
道运行的形状 你可以画得出来吗? 你画得出来的话，就把形状画出来

OK. Now, children get their ideas not from teachers, as teachers
often think, but actually from common sense, from experience of the world
around them, from all the things that go on between them and their peers, and
their carers, and their parents, and all of that. Experience. And one of the
great experts in this field, of course, was, bless him, Cardinal Wolsey. Be very
careful what you get into people's heads because it's virtually impossible to
shift it afterwards, right?

好，孩童对事物的概念不是老师教的 老师时常这么以为，但实际上概
念来自于常理 来自于孩童对周遭世界的体验 来自于他们跟同伴彼此交流 还有
跟保姆、父母亲、所有人交流的经验 这个领域中的一个专家，对了，愿他安息
就是渥西主教，他说要你将东西放进其他人的闹袋里的时候要小心 因为那些东
西几乎不会再改变，对吧?

(Laughter)

(笑声)

I'm not quite sure how he died, actually. Was he beheaded in the end,
or hung?

我不太清楚他的死因，真的 他最后上了断头台?还是被吊死?

(Laughter)

(笑声)

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Now, those questions, which, of course, you've got right, and you
haven't been conferring, and so on. And I -- you know, normally, I would pick
people out and humiliate, but maybe not in this instance.

现在回到那四个问题，大家都知道是什么问题了 你们彼此之间也没有
讨论答案 我平时习惯点人站起来回答让他丢脸 不过这次就不点了

A little seed weighs a lot and, basically, all this stuff, 99 percent of
this stuff, came out of the air. Now, I guarantee that about 85 percent of you,
or maybe it's fewer at TED, will have said it comes out of the ground. And
some people, probably two of you, will come up and argue with me afterwards,
and say that actually, it comes out of the ground. Now, if that was true, we'd
have trucks going round the country, filling people's gardens in with soil, it'd
be a fantastic business. But, actually, we don't do that. The mass of this
comes out of the air. Now, I passed all my biology exams in Britain. I passed
them really well, but I still came out of school thinking that that stuff came out
of the ground.

种籽可以很重，基本上所有的这些 99%都来自于空气 我相信有85%
的人，或许在你们TED会比较少 会说木材来自于大地，而有些人 也许你们中
的一两位， 可能结束后会来找我争论 说木材其实是来自于大地 若是如此，那
我们就会有让卡车跑来跑去 把人们的花园都填上土，那会是很棒的生意。 不
过实际上我们不会那么做 因为木材的材料大部分其实是从空气中来的 我在英
国念书时考生物每考必过 我的成绩很好，但毕业后 还是以为木材来自于大地

Second one: can you light a little torch- bulb with a battery bulb and
one piece of wire? Yes, you can, and I'll show you in a second how to do that.
Now, I have some rather bad news, which is that I had a piece of video that I
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was about to show you, which unfortunately -- the sound doesn't work in this
room, so I'm going to describe to you, in true Pythonfashion, what
happens in the video. And in the video, a group of researchers go to MIT on
graduation day. We chose MIT because, obviously, that's a very long way
away from here, and you wouldn't mind too much, but it sort of works the
same way in Britain and in the West Coast of the USA. And we asked them
these questions, and we asked those questions of science graduates, and
they couldn't answer them. And so, there's a whole lot of people saying,
be very surprised if you told me that this came out of the air. That's very
surprising to are science graduates. And we intercut it with,
are the premier science university in the world,because of British-like
hubris.

你能用一枚电池和一根电线点亮灯泡吗? 是，你可以，我会示范怎么
做。 不过，现在有个坏消息 本来有个影片要给大家看 可惜在这边声音放不出
来 所以我就口头描述一下的，用巨蟒剧团的表演方式， 影片内容是这样的，
在影片里有一群研究员 在毕业典礼那天去麻省理工学院 为什么是麻省理工呢?
因为它离这里很远 大家也就不会太介意 不过场景设在英国结果也差不多 或是
设在美国西岸 我们问了麻省理工的毕业生这四个问题 这些理工科毕业生也答
不出来 而且还有很多学生表示 “我很惊讶你说木材是从空气中来的 ”这真的
让我很吃惊“，那些理工的毕业生这么说 我们用”我们是全球第一的理工大学
“来作影片的结尾。 因为英国人很傲慢

(Laughter)

(笑声)

And when we gave graduate engineers that question, they said it
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couldn't be done. And when we gave them a battery, and a piece of wire, and
a bulb, and said, you do it?They couldn't do it. Right? And that's no
different from Imperial College in London, by the way, it's not some sort of
anti-American thing going on.

我们拿第二个问题去问硕士毕业的工程师们 他们说这不可能做得到
我们拿了电池、电线、和灯泡 问他们”你能做到吗?“，他们没办法，是吧?
顺道一提，伦敦的帝国学院的情况估计也差不多如此 我们不是在做什么反美的
事

As if. Now, the reason this matters is we pay lots and lots of money
for teaching people -- we might as well get it right. And there are also some
societal reasons why we might want people to understand what it is that's
happening in photosynthesis. For example, one half of the carbon equation is
how much we emit, and the other half of the carbon equation, as I'm very
conscious as a trustee of Kew, is how much things soak up, and they soak up
carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

虽然听来颇像。问题的关键是我们花了很多钱 来教育大众，我们应该
正确地来做这件事。 其中也有一些社会因素 让我们想使大众了解光合作用如
何运作 例如，有一半的碳储量是人类排放的 而另一半碳储量 我相当关切，身
为皇家植物园的受托管理人

That's what plants actually do for a living. And, for any Finnish
people in the audience, this is a Finnish pun: we are, both literally and
metaphorically, skating on thin ice if we don't understand that kind of
, here's how you do the battery and the bulb. It's so easy, isn't it? Of
course, you all knew that. But if you haven't played with a battery and a bulb,
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if you've only seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able to do that, and
that's one of the problems.

是植物吸收多少二氧化碳 植物就是以此维生的 如果在场有芬兰人，
这是芬兰话的双关语 我们无论在实际上或隐喻上，都是如履薄冰 要是我们不
明白那些事 电池和灯泡只要这要做就行 很简单，不是吗?你们都懂了 但要是
你没有亲手碰过电池和灯泡 如果你只看过电路图 你可能就做不出来，这是个
麻烦

So, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? We learn, as children,
that you get closer to something that's hot, and it burns you. It's a very
powerful bit of learning, and it happens pretty early on. By extension, we think
to ourselves,
closer to the Sun.I promise you that most of you will have got that. Oh,
you're all shaking your heads, but only a few of you are shaking your heads
very firmly.

那么，为何夏天比冬天热? 我们从小就知道，离热的东西太近 你就被
烫到，这真很有效的教育方法 很小的时候大家就学到了 延伸这个论点，我们
觉得夏天比冬天热 一定是因为我们离太阳比较近 我相信大多人都懂了 哦，大
家都在摇头 不过只有几个人摇得很坚定

Other ones are kind of going like this. All right. It's hotter in summer
than in winter because the rays from the Sun are spread out more, right,
because of the tilt of the Earth. And if you think the tilt is tilting us closer, no, it
isn't. The Sun is 93 million miles away, and we're tilting like this, right? It
makes no odds. In fact, in the Northern Hemisphere, we're further from the
Sun in summer, as it happens, but it makes no odds, the difference.

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