第一道彩虹人教版八年级上册英语知识点

2021年1月17日发(作者：卞百平)
人教版八年级上册英语知识点

Unit1

Where did you go on vacation?
重点短语

1. go on vacation
去度假













at home

待在家里














to the mountains
去爬山


4. go to the beach




去海滩





5. visit museums


参观博物馆








a few





相当多







for



为……而学习








out


出去


of the time


大部分时间







11. taste good




尝起来很好吃







a good time


玩得高兴



13. of course




当然









like



给……的感觉；感受到














shopping


去购物



the past

在过去





















17. walk around

四处走走










18. because of

因为


19. one bowl of
…

一碗……



20. the next day

第二天








21. drink tea

喝茶






22. find out

找出；


查明



23. go on

继续

















photos


照相















25. something important


重要的事




26. up and down

上上下下








27. come up


出来











28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.

为某人买某物


29. taste + adj.

尝起来……



30. look+adj.
看起来……


g
…
but+
动词原形





除了……之外什么都没有


+
（
to be
）
+ adj.



看起来……


33. arrive in+
大地点

/ arrive at+
小地点




到达某地


to do sth.

决定去做某事






35. try doing sth.

尝试做某事

/





36. try to do sth.


尽力去做某事






37. forget doing sth.


忘记做过某事
/



38. forget to do sth.


忘记做某事





39. enjoy doing sth.
喜欢做某事



40. want to do sth.
想去做某事










41. start doing sth.

开始做某事






42. stop doing sth.

停止做某事



43.

dislike doing sth.
不喜欢做某事


44. keep doing sth.


继续做某事


45. Why not do. sth.?

为什么不做……呢？

46. so+adj.+that+
从句





如此……以至于……




47. tell sb. (not) to do sth.
告诉某人（不要）做某事


48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)
玩得痛快

三、重点句子：



1. Where did you go on vacation?





你去哪儿度假的？


2. Long time no see.
















好久不见。



3. Did you go anywhere interesting?



你去有趣的地方了吗？


4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.



大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。


5. Everything was excellent.



一切都很棒。



6. I bought something for my father.



我给我爸爸买了些东西。


7. How did you like it
？





你觉得它怎么样？



8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.



今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。


9. For lunch, we had something very special.


午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。



10.
…
but many of the old buildings are still there.






……但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。



11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.




今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。



12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn
’
t see anything below.




并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。

巩固练习：

用不定代词或不定副词填空：



1. I can
’
t hear anything = I can hear _________.


2. There is __________ on the floor. Please pick it up.

3. Did ________ go to play basketball with you ?

4. I phoned you last night, but ________ answered it.


5. Maybe __________ put my pencil _________. I can
’
t find it ___________.

单选



1. No one ________ how to do it.




B. knows

C. knowing

D. knew

2. Everything_____OK, isn
’
t it?



A. was


B. are


C. and


D. is


3. There
’
s________in the newspaper. You should read it.



A. important something


B. something boring



C. boring something




D. something important.

1.

arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.
(
翻译
)__________ _________________________



arrive
为不及物动词，意为
____,
arrive in
到达
+
大地方（国家

省

市）







arrive at
到达
+
小地方（机场

商店等
)






get to
到达
+
地方







reach
到达
+
地方









The Smiths_____ New York at 8:00 last night.










d at



B. got to









d

2. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. (
翻译
)_____________


3. decide
为及物动词，意为决定，决心。决定做某事：
____________.

4. My sister and I tried paragliding.
（翻译）
____________________

try to do sth.
意为
______________;
try doing sth.
意为
________________

We shouldn
’
t try _______(study) English, we should try ________(study) English.

5.I felt like I was a bird.(
翻译
)_______ _________________________.


feel like
意为
_____
后常接
_____.
另外
feel like
还意为
_____
Do you feel like a cup of tea?

6.I wonder what life was like here in the past.
（翻译）
_____________


wonder
为及物动词，意为“想知道”
，后常接疑问词（
who, what, why)
引导的从句。

I wonder _____ you are doing.(
我想知道你正在做什么。
)

a difference a day makes!


感叹句，结构为
What +
名词
+
主语
+
谓语！

补充：
____ ____________________________________________

7. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.


________
为等候

,
后接人或物。

________
为太多，后接可数名词复数
;

________+
不可数名词（
money
）
;

________
为太…后接形容词或副词（
big
）


8 .My father didn
’
t bring enough money.



Enough
后可接
_______ _________
，其形式分别为
_________
；
________ _____
。

(1)

want to do sth.
想要做某事





(2)

want sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事





(3)

would like to do sth.
想要做某事






(4)

(2) decide to do sth.
决定做某事









(5)

decide on
决定某事

课后练习



一、用所给词的适当形式填空。



1. I didn
’
t find ______ ( someone ) there.


2. Is there _______( something ) important in today
’
s newspaper?


3. Look! There is _______ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on.


4. Amy _______ ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday.


5. There _______ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term.


6. Miss Green ________ ( come ) to China in 2008.

7. Little Tom _______ ( be ) here a moment ago.

8. She _________ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday.

二、单项选择



(




)1. ----_____ you ______ to the movies
？

----

Yes, I did.


A. Did


went








B. Did

go




C. Are

went

(




)2. ----- How was your weekend?



------ Great! We _______ a picnic in the park.
A. have














B. has








C. had

(




)
3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _______ at home ______ that rainy night.


A. was

on











B. were

on





C. was

at (




)
4. --- Who told you to clean the windows?









---Miss Wang ______


A. told















B. did







C. has told (




)
5. ---- Do you always _______ to the zoo?









----- Yes, I ______ yesterday.


A. go

go






B. go

went





C. went

go

(




)
6. ---- ______ there any koalas in the zoo last year?










---- No, there ______.


A. Ar
e

aren’t


B. Were

wasn’t



C. Were

weren’t

(




)
7.----- Did you go with ______?








------ Yes, I did.


A. someone






B. anyone




C. somebody (




)
8. ----- Did you buy ______ special?


----- No, I didn
’
t.


A. something





B. some things



C. anything

三、句型转换



1
．
Lucy played computer games yesterday.

(
改为一般疑问句

)


______ Lucy _____ computer games yesterday?

2
．
We went to the Palace Museum.


(
对划线部分提问

) _______

______ you ______?


3
．
There was someone here just now.

（

改为否定句

）

___________________________________________ .

4
．
She played volleyball just now.


（

改为否定句

）

She _______

________

5
．
volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice cream.




(
对划线部分提问

) ________

________ they ________?


6
．
My vacation was pretty good.



(
对划线部分提问

) ________

_______ your vacation?



Unit2

How often do you exercise?

such as
例如；诸如

junk food n.
垃圾食品；无营养食品

more than
超过；多于；不仅仅；非常

less than
不到；少于


help with housework
帮助做家务










on weekends

在周末











how often

多久一次




















hardly ever

几乎从不

















once a week
每周一次



















twice a month

每月两次



every day
每天

























be free

有空






go to the movies

去看电影















use the Internet



用互联网


swing dance

摇摆舞




















play tennis


打网球







stay up late


熬夜；睡得很晚














at least
至少



have dance and piano lessons

上舞蹈课和钢琴课













go to bed early
早点睡觉



play sports
进行体育活动















be good for

对……有好处








go camping
去野营





















not
…
at all
一点儿也不……








in one
’
s free time

在某人的业余时间




the most popular

最受欢迎的

such as

比如；诸如




















old habits die hard

积习难改




go to the dentist

去看牙医














morn than


多于；超过





less than


少于
























help sb. with sth.


帮助某人做某事






How about
…
?

......
怎么样？












want sb. to do sth.



想让某人做某事




How many+
可数名词复数
+
一般疑问句？


……有多少……
?

spend time with sb.



和某人一起度过时光


It
’
s+ adj.+ to do sth.

做某事的……的。







ask sb. about sth.




向某人询问某事


by doing sth.







通过做某事









What
’
s your favorite
……
?

你最喜爱的……是什么？

the best way to do sth.








做某事的最好方式


三．重点语法



(
一
)
重点句型





1.-----What do you usually do on weekends?



-----I often go to the movies.




(1) on weekends/on the weekend
在周末























(2) go to the movies

去看电影





(3)
第一个
do
助动词








第二个
do
实意动词




2. hardly ever
几乎从不






hardly ever
相当于

hardly, ever
起强调作用。

hardly
为副词，意为“几乎不没有）
”
，相当于
almost
not
，本身具有否定含义，不能
再使用其他否定词。



E.g. She hardly eats anything.

辨析
: hardly
和
hard




hard
作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”
；



hard
作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”
。




hardly
意为“几乎不”






(1) The ground is too











to dig

(2) I can









understand them.


(3) It's raining











,the people can













go outside.

3. ----How often do you watch TV?

----Twice a week.


(1) how often
意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”
，用来提问频率。


(2) twice a week
一周两次




拓展
:
一次

once



两次

twice



三次或三次以上


基数词
+ times

three times

four times



4. What's your favorite program?

= What program do you like best?


你最喜欢的节目是什么？




5. How come?
怎么回事？怎么会？


表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单 独使用，
也可引导一个问句。
相当于疑问词
why
。
但
ho w come
开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈
述语序。



How come you didn't tell me about it? = Why you didn't tell me about it?



6. I go to the movies maybe once a month.
我也许一个月去看一次电影。



maybe
副词，意为“或许，大概，可能”
，常位于句首。


E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park.


辨析：
maybe
与

may be




maybe
副词，作状语，意为“或许，大概，可能”
，常位< br>于句首。







may be
属于“情态动词
+be
动词”结构，意为“可能是”
。





(1) The baby is crying










she is hungry.



(2) The woman












a teacher .




7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.






ask ab. about sth.

询问某人某事

8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety
percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or
four times a week.
我们都知道许多学生经常上网， 但是让我们感到惊讶的是
90%
的学
生每天都上网，而另外
10%
的 学生一周至少上网达三至四次。



(1) other: adj.
其他的
+
名词






the other: adj.
其他的
+
名词
(
在特定的范围内
)







one
?
the other
?

一个??另一个



E.g. One of them is blue
，
the other ones are purple.

它们的其中一个是蓝色的，其他的是紫色的。









others:
其他的东西





the others:
其他的东西
(
在特定的范围内
)







E.g. One of the children likes reading
，
the others like singing.

后句可替换为
the other students like singing.


(2) at least
至少









at most
最多，至多


E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most.




9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.

大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。





10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.
关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。



the answers to our questions
问题的答案


dance to the music
和着音乐的节奏跳舞



key to the lock
这把锁的钥匙





11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.

尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。





12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the
best way to relax is through exercise.
通过使 用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错，但是
我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。



(1) It
’
s +adj.+to do sth
做某事??的







E.g. It
’
s very easy to learn English well.





(2) by doing sth.
通过做某事







(3) the best way to do sth. is
做某事的最好方式

13. It is healthy for the mind and the body.
这有益于身心健康。






stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health
保持健康




14. Old habits die hard.
旧习难改。





(
二
)
语法知识
:
频度副词




1.
频度副词的含义





(1)
表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。



常用的频度副词按高低依次为




always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never

100%



80%




60%





30%



10%






0%




(2)
表示具体的频 率、次数时，一次用
once
，两次用
twice
，三次或三次以上用“基数
词
+times
”表示
: three times, four times, six times



2.
频度副词在句中的位置





(1 )
频度副词一般在实意动词之前，
be
动词、助动词或情态动词之后






E.g. We never eat junk food.






Lucy is sometimes very busy.





I can hardly say a word.




(2)
有些频度副词也可位于句首，但表示不同含义



sometimes
常位于句首，和位于句
中区别不大。


E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games.



often
用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有
quite
，
very
修饰


often he goes online.



Usually
也可位于句首，其前不用修饰语。


E.g. Usually my father goes up early.



Always
一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。


E.g. Always remember this.



3.
对频度副词提问时，用
how often



E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies?





---Once a month
















Unit3
I'm more outgoing than my sister.

单词

outgoing ['a
?
t
ɡ
?
??
?] adj.
外向的

better ['bet
?
(r)] adj.
更好的；较好的

adv.
更好地

loudly ['la
?
dli] adv.
大声地；高声地；花俏地

quietly ['kwa
?
?
tli]

adv.
安静地；悄悄地；平静地

hard-working [h
ɑ
?
d'w
?
?
k
?
?]

adj.
勤勉的；努力工作的

competition [?k
?
mp
?
't
??
n] n.
竞争；比赛

fantastic [f?n't?st
?
k] adj.
极好的；了不起的

which adj.
哪一个；哪一些
pron.
哪一个；哪些

clearly ['kl
?
?
li] adv.
清楚地；显然地

win [w
?
n] v.
赢；赢得；获胜；获得
n.
胜利

though conj.
虽然；尽管；
adv.
不过

care about
关心

talented ['t?l
?
nt
?
d] adj.
有才能的；有天赋的

truly ['tru
?
li] adv.
真实地；真诚地；正确地

care [ke
?
(r)] v.
关心；担忧；照顾；在乎

serious ['s
?
?
ri
?
s] adj.
严肃的；严重的；庄重的

mirror ['m
?
r
?
(r)] n.
镜子；反映

necessary ['nes
?
s
?
ri] adj.
必要的；必然的

both [b
?
?
θ] adj.
两者都
pron.
两者

should [
?
?
d] aux.
应该；可能；应当；将要

touch [t
?
t
?
] vt.
触摸；感动

reach [ri
?
t
?
] v.
到达；伸出；达成；取得联系；延伸；
(
伸手
)
去够

heart [h
ɑ
?
t] n.
心脏；内心

fact [f?kt] n.
事实；真相；实际

break [bre
?
k]

v.
打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断

laugh [l
ɑ
?
f] v.
发笑；笑；嘲笑


n.
笑声；笑；笑料

similar ['s
?
m
?
l
?
(r)] adj.
类似的

share [
?
e
?
(r)] vt.
分享，共享；分配；共有

loud [la
?
d] adj.
大声的；
adv.
大声地；响亮地

primary ['pra
?
m
?
ri] adj.
最初的，最早的

be different from
和
...
不同

information [?
?
nf
?
'me
??
n]

n.
信息；情报；资料；通知

as long as
只要

bring out
拿出；推出

the same as
与
...
同样的

in fact
事实上；实际上；确切地说

be similar to
类似于；与
...
相似

重点短语


1.

. more outgoing











2.

as
…
as
…

















3.

the singing competition




4.

be similar to













5.

the same as














6.

be different from









7.

care about















8.

be like a mirror











9.

the most important








10.

as long as
















11.

bring out
















12.

get better grades










13.

reach for
















14.

in fact



















15.

make friends













16.

the other
















17.

touch one
’
s heart








18.

be talented in music







19.

be good at















20.

be good with













21.

have fun doing sth.








22.

be good at doing sth







23.

make sb. do sth.










24.

want to do sth.











25.

as+adj./adv.
的原级
+as













更外向








与……一样……








唱歌比赛





与……相像的
/
类似的






和……相同；与……一致




与……不同






关心；介意








像一面镜子







最重要的






只要；既然







使显现；使表现出








取得更好的成绩




伸手取









事实上；实际上







交朋友






其他的

感动某人


有音乐天赋


擅长……





善于与……相处



享受做某事的乐趣



擅长做某事




让某人做某事


想要做某事







与……一样……















































26.

It
’
s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.



对某人来说，做某事……的。

三．重点语法



(
一
)
重点句型





萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。







both (1)
表示“两者都”
，
< br>both
用在含有
be
动词的句中，应放在
be
动词的后面； 用
在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面，











(2) both
…
and
…表示“两者都”
，
both...and
在句中连接并 列成分，如主语、谓语、表
语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。







E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (
连接主语
)









The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(
连接谓语
)
【考例】
My parents ________ doctors.





















A. both are


B. all are


C. are all


D. are both
拓展：
all
表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，

every
指三个以上的人或物
(
含三个
)
，

each
指两个以上的人或物
(
含两个
)
。







练习：用
all,both,every,each
填空







1) My brothers and I are ________l at school.






2) ________ student may have one book.





3) ________Tom and Jim are my good friends.






4) Three students are flying kites,they are________ in Class 1.




2.

Tara works as hard as Tina.

塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。







as...as
意为“与……一样……”
，
as...as
中间接形 容词或副词的原级。

其否定结构
not as/so...as
意为“不如……”
。







E.g. He is as tall as his father.


他和他爸爸一样高。










Tom gets up as early as Jim.
汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。










Lucy isn
’
t as outgoing as Mary.

露西不如玛丽外向。




注意：
(1)
其否定式为
not as/so +adj./adv. +as
。








E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.










E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.
你的包比我的贵一倍。




3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.





不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。






win
此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”
；

1.
Both
Sam
and
Tom
can
play
the
drums,
but
Sam
plays
them
better
than
Tom.




(2)
若有修饰成分，如
twice, three times, half, a quarter
等，则须置于第一个
as
之前。





win
还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在……中获胜”
，此时 其后的宾语为比赛的项
目、奖品或战争等。






E.g. He won the first prize.








Who won the race
？




辨析：
win
与
beat






①

win
表示“赢得；获胜”
，用作及物动 词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。

E.g. We won the basketball game.






②

beat
表示“打赢；战胜”
，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。









E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

(2)
though
此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”
， 通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句
子隔开。







E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn
’
t, though.




< br>拓展：
though
作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”
，相当于
altho ugh
。






E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.



注意：
although/though
与
but
不能同时出现在一个句子中。






E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.








=He has no money, but he lives very happily.




3.

But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.





但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。



(1)

the most important
意为“最重要的”
，是
import ant
的最高级形式。


E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects.









The most important thing is to work hard.





(2) have fun
意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴”
。






E.g. It
’
s a good place to have fun.




拓展：
have fun doing sth.
意为“做某事很有趣”
。






E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country
？




5. ....truly cares about me...


care about
关心，在意


take care
当心


take care of
照顾





练习：用适当的词组填空



1) Your mother truly____________you.



2) He has to ____________ his sister.

important
的比较级为
more
important
，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词
the
。





3) ____________ not to fall into the river.






6. I think a good friend makes me laugh.
我认为好朋友会让我发笑。



(1) make sb. do sth.
意为“让某人做某事”



E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o
’
clock.




拓展：
make
的用法：





①

make
加名词
make food
做饭



make the bed
铺床


make
money
赚钱





②

make
+
sb./sth.
+
adj.
使某人感到……；使……处于某种状态





E.g.
The
party
made
her
a
good
teacher.




④

make
sb./sth.
+
过去分词

让某人
被……







E.g. I made myself understood by all the students.





⑤

make sb./sth.
注意：
当
make
用于被动语态时，
必须带不定式符号
to.




E.g. We were made to work all
night.








I was made to repeat the story.




(2)
辨析：
laugh
与
smile

①

laugh
一般表示“出声地
(
大
)
笑”
，不但有面部表情 ，而且还有声音。




laugh
at...
意为“嘲
笑……；因……而发笑”
。





E.g. Don
’
t laugh when you have a meal.

②

smile
一般
表示“无声地微笑”
，指的是面部表情。




smile at...
意为“向……微笑”
。





E.g. He
smiled at me.



7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.




< br>talented
为形容
词，意为“有才能的，有才干的”
，其比较级形式为< br>more talented
。
be talented in
为固定
搭配，表示“在……方面有天赋”
。





E.g. She is a talented musician.

她是一名天才
音乐家。









The boy is talented in dancing.
这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。



8. I
’
m
quieter
and
more
serious
than
most
kids.
我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。





(1)
serious
为形容词，意为“严肃的；稳重的”
。





E.g. My math teacher is very serious in
class.


拓展：
①

nothing serious
意为
“没有什么严重的”
。









②

be serious about...
意为
“对……认真”
。





E.g. Is she serious about giving up her job
？
9. That
’
s why I like
reading books and studying harder in class.




那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻
苦的原因。






That
’
s why...
意为“那就是……的原因 ”
，
why
引导的句子作表语，是
表语从句。





E.g. That
’
s why I don
’
t want to leave here.







I got up late, and
我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。






“
It
’
s+
形容词
+for sb. to do sth.
”
是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”
。结构中的
it
是形式主语，真正的主语
是后面的动词不定式短语。
句中的形容词为描述事物特 征的词，
如
difficult
，
easy
，
hard，
important
，
dangerous
，
necessa ry
，
possible
等。






E.g. It
’
s very important for us to
eat a lot of vegetables every day.








It
’
s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.



11. But I think friends are like books
—
you don
’
t need a lot of them as long as they
’
re
good.
但是我认为朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。





as long as
E.g.
The
soft
music
makes
Tina
sleepy.




③

make
sb./sth.
+
n.
使某人成为……





+ do sth.
使某人做某事
(
不能带不定式符号
to)






E.g. Wars make the peace go away.




that
’
s why I missed the bus.


10. I
’
m shy so it
’
s not easy for me to make friends.