如此多娇吧四级英语考试作文高分技巧讲义

2021年1月17日发(作者：崔良国)
四级考试作文高分技巧

大学四级考试写作的评分依据是：文章切切题，条理清楚，< br>语言准确和字数符合要求。
所谓切题
就是看你写的作文跑不跑题。
所谓条理是每 一段的议论的正反清楚，
描述的时间正确。
语言准确
要求作文的语法词汇使用正确，符 合英语表达习惯。四级作文的字数要求不少于
100
字。针对
四级考试的作文要求我们 提出十二句作文法，
这里所说的十二句作文法不仅包括一般英文写作的
方法而且包括一套行之有 效的写作方法。它的具体内容有以下几点。




一

审题



我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。
审题 的作用在于使你写作不跑题
（如果跑题，
条
理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0
分。）那末审题要审什么呢？



1
．体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）



审题就是要审 作文的题材和体裁。
因为什末样的体裁就会用什末样的题材去写。
那末体裁包
括那些呢 ？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，
四级作文不是单一的体裁，
而是几种
体裁的杂合体。例如：



Directions:
For
this
part
,your
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
compositi
on
on
the
topic
Trying
to
Be
A
Good
University
Student .You
should
write
at
l
east
100
words
and
you
should
base
your
composition
on
the
outline
(given
in

Chinese
)
below
:



做合格大学生的必要性




做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）




我计划这样做




很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。
这是片面的，因为，
第一段要求写
“...
必要性
”
，这说 明
本段体裁是议论文；
第二段要求写
“...
必备条件
”
，
这说明本段要求写说明文；
儿地三段要求写
“...
这样做
”
，这说明本段要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。



2
．根据不同体裁确定写作方法



我们审题 的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。
通过审题，
我们可以看出四级作文
大都 是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，
地三段为描述体。
而各种文体又不同的写作方式：



议论文；要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来 论述。
例如上面第一段的思路是：
做合
格大学生，会怎末样（这是从正面论述）；不能 做合格的大学生，会怎么样（从反面论述）；所
以我们要做合格的大学生（结伦）。



说明文：可以从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就上作文而言，可以从方面（德智体）来说< br>明合格大学生的必要性。



描述文：一
“
人”
为中心描述一个
“
做
”
的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多 为人称代词，他
要与第二段相互应进行描述。



二

确定主题句



通过审题，
我们知道该如何确定正确的写 作思路。
下边我们就谈如何些。
第一部就是要写主
题句。
主题句是确保不跑题 的前提，
只有不跑题才有可得及格分。
写主题句嘴保险的方法就是把
中文提纲的各句译 成英语。例如上述三段主题句分别为：



It
is
very
necessary
to
be
a
good
university
student .
（议论体的主题句）




There
are
several
respects
of
necessities
to
be
a
good
university
student .
（说明体的主题句）




What
I
will
do
in
the
future
is
the
following .(
描述体主题句
)



如果要求句是英语就可以把它变成主题句，例如这样一篇作文：



Good
Health


Importance
of
good
health



Ways
to
keep
fit



My
own
practice


这样的作文的要求句就可以扩充成主题句。扩充后三段的主题句分别为：


It
is
very
important
to
have
good
health .
（将名词

importance
变成形容词
importa
nt
）




There
are
four
ways
to
keep
fit
for
me .
（用

there
be
句型）




My
own
practices
are
the
following .
（采用原词）


n
主题句又 称主旨句或关键句，
是一个段落中最重要的句子，
是段落的
“
纲
”< br>。
说明段落的中心思想和作者
的写作目的，是段落发展的依据。

n
段落的每句话都应紧密地联系主题句所表达的中心内容。

n
写好主题句是文章成功的关键。


n
(common
practice
of
scoring
in
CET-4)
主题句的构成

n
Topic
sentence
=
a
topic
+
a
controlling
idea
about
the
topic
n
主题句
=
主题
+
中心思想

n
主题：段落所谈的话题，问题

n
中心思想：限定话题的范围，确定话题的 发展方向。整个段落都以这个中心思想为依据，围绕它进行。
中心思想用关键词
(key
words)
来表达。


Examples:
please
identify
the

two
parts

n
Developing
private
cars
in
China
has
many
positive
aspects.

n
Keeping
pets
is
beneficial
to
people
in
several
aspects.

n
Smoking
results
in
a
series
of
negative
effects.
n
The
following
factors
contribute
to
success.
n
The
reasons
why
bicycles
are
so
popular
in
China
lie
as
follows.


主题句位于段首

n
开门见山，点出主题。

n
There
are
many
ways
through
which
we
can
improve
our
English.
Above
all,

we
should
read
as
many
English
books,
newspapers
and
magazines
as
possibl
e.
Next,
we
may
listen
to
English
programs
on
the
radio
or
watch
English
pro
grams
on
TV
every
day.
Besides,
it
is
necessary
for
us
to
seize
every
opportun
ity
to
speak
English
both
in
and
after
class.
Finally,
it
is
equally
important
to
f
orm
the
habit
of
taking
notes
and
keeping
a
diary
in
English.
主题句的写法：如何写好

n
主题句应尽量清晰明了，简练，用词准确，力求用一句话清楚地表达该段的中心。

n
Environmental
pollution
is
important.
n
Environmental
pollution
is
an
important
problem
that
deserves
our
special
a
ttention.

n
The
more
I
read,
the
more
hungry
I
feel.
n
The
more
I
read,
the
more
hungry
I
feel
for
knowledge.

主题句的写作技巧（
1
）

n
表示人的名词或代词主语的句子

n
College
students
should
take
part
in
social
practice
and
get
to
know
the
w
orld.
n
People
take
part
in
recreational
activities
because
of
several
reasons.
n
We
benefit
a
lot
from
doing
part
time
jobs.
n
Young
people
today
are
badly
influenced
by
TV.
主题句的写作技巧（
2
）

n
表示物的名词做主语的句子

n
Good
health
is
important
to
us.

n
Information
plays
an
indispensable
role
in
modern
life.

n
Diligence
is
a
key
factor
to
success.

n
Sports
benefit
people
in
many
ways.

n
Recreational
activities
fall
into
two
major
types.

主题句的写作技巧（
3
）

n
用动名词短语来表达主题，做主语。

nOwning
a
private
car
is
very
convenient.
nKeeping
pets
can
lead
to
some
problems.
nStudying
abroad
benefits
students
in
many
aspects.

主题句的写作技巧（
4
）

n
用
“There
+be
+
名词
”
句型来写主题句。

n
There
are
several
reasons
why
we
should
develop
the
industry
of
private
ca
rs.
n
There
are
innumerable
advantages
of
keeping
pets.

n
There
are
diverse
solutions
to
the
housing
problem
in
big
cities.

n
There
are
effective
measures
that
we
can
adopt
to
deal
with
the
issue
of
ris
ing
crime
rate.

主题句的写作技巧（
5
）

n
用
It
is
+
Adj.
+for
sb.
to
do
sth.
句型

n
It
is
beneficial
for
college
students
to
take
part
in
various
social
activities.


n
It
is
necessary
for
us
to
get
to
know
about
the
society.

n
It
is
desirable/advisable
for
young
people
to
go
abroad
to
study.

Study
the
Topic
Sentences

n
Owning
a
car
can
be
very
costly.
n
Traveling
by
air
is
more
convenient
than
traveling
by
train.
n
Computers
play
a
variety
of
roles
in
our
life.

n
College
students
dream
of
going
abroad
to
study
mainly
on
account
of
the
f
ollowing
three
reasons.

n
Reading
plays
an
important
role
in
language
learning.

n
In
choosing
a
career,
students
should
consider
various
factors.



三

确保文章条理清楚



保证不跑提示写作当中第一任务，第二个重 要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，
正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说条理要清楚，对于描述文 来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例
Go
od
health
来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚救应这样写：正面（
With
good
health
,we
ca
n...
），反面（
Without
good
health
,we
ca
n
do
nothing .We
can’t
do...
）



为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用
first(ly)
second(ly)
third(ly)
等副词，他们可以
是文章的条例性更加突出。
作文是主观 题，
想得告分就必须引起老师的主意，
老师的时间很短
（每
篇作文只有一两分 钟就要阅完），所以我们在列调试最好不用
:
To
be
with,...
after
that
,
then, ...
The
next
, ...
The
following
, ...
As
last ...
。因为用这样的词语不利于老师
看出你作文的条理性。



四

保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法



考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多，
因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的
弱点 ，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。



我们知道，四级作文都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句，
即主 题句加
两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在十二句左右，每一句十多个词，就又
1 20-1
50
个字。大家可以试图找一些作文题练一练。

文章的结构

n
一个完整的段落包括三部分：主题句，

推展句和结论句。

n
一篇完整的四级作文包括三部分：引言，正文和结论。又称：三段论。

n
因此，可以说，

文章是段落的扩展，段落是文章的压缩。

文章的结构

十二句作文法

n
具体地说，四级作文实际是一个十二句话短文（十二句作文法）

n
引言段三句或四句话：开头句
+
主题句（中心思想句
+
承上启下的组织句）< br>
n
正文段四或五句话：主题句
+
三个扩（推）展句

n
结论段四句或三句话：主题句
+
扩（推）展句
+
结论句

Example

n
Losing
Weight
n
1
）减肥已成为时尚。

n
2
）人们热衷于减肥的原因。

n
3
）减肥的有效方法。

n
1
）
2
sentences
n
2
）
4
sentences
n
3
）
4
sentences
Losing
Weight
n
1)Nowadays,
many
people
are
very
much
worried
about
being
overweight.
2)And
people,
the
young
and
women
in
particular,
are
trying
various
ways
to
lose
weight.


n
3)There
are
many
reasons
why
more
and
more
people
are
concerned
abo
ut
losing
weight.
4)To
begin
with,
they
are
all
aware
of
the
danger
of
being
o
verweight,
which
may
lead
to
many
diseases
such
as
hyper-tension,
diabetes
and
heart
attacks.
5)Secondly,
more
people
have
become
concerned
about
the
ir
shape
and
they
want
to
appear
energetic
and
young.
6)What’s
more,
losing
weight
can
help
them
feel
mentally
healthier
and
build
up
their
self-esteem.


n
7)There
are
different
means
through
which
people
can
achieve
their
goal
of
losing
weight.
8)First
of
all,
some
of
the
people
who
want
to
remove
their
fat
eat
less
or
eat
nothing.
9)Besides,
they
take
weight-reducing
drugs.
10)B
ut
the
most
effective
and
healthy
way
to
lose
weight
is
to
take
proper
exercis
es.

文章开头写作的两点原则

n
要紧扣文章标题，即开头点题。

n
要能顺利地引出下文，和下文（文 章中间部分
——
正文）的内容相联系，引发读者兴趣，使人想读下
去。

引言段的常用写作方法

n
提问式

n
引用名言谚语法

n
话题式
/
现象法

1.
提问式

n
以提问开头，激发读者兴趣，可自问自答，自然而然地引出下文。

n
What
is
essential
for
happiness?
Our
world
is
a
big
world,
complex
and
ful
l
of
many
diverse
people.
So
different
people
may
have
different
opinions.
In
my
opinion,
happiness
lies
in
the
service
that
you
give
other
people.

此种开头段的构成

n
这种开头段的构成方法如下：

n
问题
+
答案（过渡句
+
提供答案的进一步论述）< br>+
中心思想句

常用句型，

常见写法

n
What
is
…?

Have
you
ever
…?

n
Have
you
ever
taken
a
part-time
job?
What
are
the
advantages
of
colle
ge
students’
doing
part
-time
jobs?
As
to
this
questions,
different
students
may

hold
totally
different
ideas.


Some
students
take
the
position
that
it
is
beneficial
for
a
college
student
to
do
a
temporary
job.
They
have
the
following
reasons….
On
the
contrary,
th
ere
are
still
others
who
disapprove
of
students’
taking
part
-time
jobs.
They
ha
ve
their
own
reasons
against
it.

2.
引用名言谚语法

n
引用名人名言或谚语，俗语等，这些语句常具 有权威性或为大家所公认，引用在文章中有一定的说
服力。

n
“Of
all
treasures”,
says
an
ancient
saint, “knowledge
is
the
most
precious,
for
it
can
neither
be
stolen,
given
away,
nor
consumed,”
From
that,
we
can
se
e
the
great
importance
of
education.


n
Shakespeare
said:
“One
who
is
unhappy
can
never
get
a
beneficial
result.”
That
is
to
say,
happiness
is
very
important
in
our
life.

n
Francis
Bacon
once
said, “Some
books
are
to
be
tasted,
others
to
be
swallo
wed,
and
some
few
to
be
chewed
and
digested.”
Perhaps
this
is
the
best
advi
ce
on
how
to
read.

此种开头段的构成

n
引用的谚语或名言
+
意义
+
主题（中心思想）

n
There
is
an
old
English
saying
which
goes
“No
pains,
no
gains.”
It
illustrat
es
the
importance
of
hard
work
in
the
process
of
success.
In
other
words,
dili
gence
is
a
key
factor
to
success.
话题式
/
现象法

n
With
the
rapid
development
of
society/modern
life/science
and
technology
/people’s
living
standard,
an
increasing
number
of
people
have
become
aware

of
the
importance
of
…

n
Recently,
the
issue
of
…
has
become

increasingly
controversial.
n
Nowadays,
a
larg
e
number
of
students
have
become
concerned
about
…

分析下列开头段落的写法

n
Should
college
students
keep
part-time
jobs
while
they
are
in
school?
This
is
a
very
controversial
topic
and
it
brings
about
many
heated
discussions.



n
What
do
you
usually
do
in
your
spare
time?
What
is
your
favorite
hobby?
L
et
me
tell
you
something
about
my
hobby.
I
like
to
collect
stamps
in
my
free
time.
Stamp
collecting
is
my
favorite
hobby.


n
“All
work
and
no
play
makes
Jack
a
dull
boy.”
is
a
popular
saying
in
Englis
h.
There
is
much
truth
in
this
old
saying.
It
means
that
in
order
to
keep
us
in

good
health,
we
must
take
sufficient
recreation.


文章结尾的写法

文章的结尾

n
常言道：
“
编筐编篓，全在收口< br>”
。一篇优秀的文章其结构和气势应为：
“
虎头，牛身，豹尾。
”
n
我们的考生四级考试时所写的文章往往由于时间紧张而
“
虎 头，蛇尾
”
。

n
其实，文章结尾的好坏也在很大程度上影响文章的
global
impression.
文章结尾的作用

n
1.
归纳总结概括全文，得出结论。

n
All
in
all
,
traveling
on
one’s
own
has
both
advantages
and
disadvantages.


n
2.
突出主要论点，重申强化主题（中心）。

n
In
a
word,
my
life
on
campus
is
really
colorful
and
meaningful.

n
3.
表达自己观点，阐述立场。

n
As
for
me,
I
take
the
position
that
a
test
of
spoken
English
is
extremely
n
ecessary
and
it
should
be
included
in
CET.
文章结尾的常用写作方法

n
重申主题句法

n
总结（结论）法

n
发表个人看法，总结全文

n
反问结尾法

n
引言结论法

n
提倡议号召（喊口号）法

重申主题句法

n
In
conclusion,
nothing
is
more
valuable
than
health.
In
good
health,
we
ca
n
absorb
knowledge
more
readily.
In
good
health
we
can
achieve
more
succes
s
and
make
more
contribution
to
our
country.


n
引言段

When
evaluating
a
job

n

applicant,
most
companies
would
place
much
weight
on
one’s
education
al
certificate.
Of
course,
one’s
education
or
one’s
educational
certificate
does
t
ell
something
about
the
applicant.
However,
it
is
not
the
only
means
through
which
we
can
judge
whether
the
applicant
is
qualified
or
not.


常用句型表达

n
In
conclusion
n
To
conclude
n
In
all
n
All
things
considered

n
To
conclude,
no
success
can
be
achieved
without
laboring.
Success
is
simpl
y
the
fruit
of
hard
work.

n
In
all,
our
school
life
is
really
interesting
and
colorful.
总结（结论）法

n
In
short,
the
advantages
of
traveling
outnumber
the
disadvantages.
Theref
ore,
let’s
go
traveling
when
we
have
the
time
and
enjoy
the
beautiful
scenery

and
broaden
our
horizon.

常用句型

n
To
sum
up,
the
a
dvantages
of
…far
outnumber/
outweigh
the
disadvantag
es.

n
All
things
considered,
the
benefits
of
…
are
more
than
the
problems.

n
Having
taken
all
the
factors
into
consideration,
we
can
see
that
doing
som
ething.
does
more
good
than
harm
to
somebody.

发表个人看法，总结全文

n
In
my
opinion,
the
balance
of
these
two
kinds
of
activities
might
be
more
useful
to
those
who
live
in
retirement.
In
other
words,
physical
activities
are
necessary
for
good
health
but
intellectual
recreation
provides
the
most
pleasu
re.

常用句型

n
In
my
opinion
n
Personally,
I
think
/believe
n
I
take
the
position
that

n
I
hold/take
the
attitude
that

n
As
far
as
I
am
concerned
n
Were
it
left
to
me
to
decide

引言结论法

n
True
friendship
cannot
be
bought
with
money.
The
proverb
“A
friend
in
nee
d
is
a
friend
indeed”
is
really
true.



反问结尾法

n
Don’t
you
think
it
is
high
time
that
we
took
effective
actions
to
fight
agai
nst
fake
commodities
in
the
market?

n
Don’t
you
agree
with
my
idea
that
a
test
of
oral
English
should
be
include
d
in
CET-4
and
6?
常用句型

n
Don’t
you
think
it
is
necessary
for
us
to
…?

n
Don’t
you
think
it
is
high/about
time
that
we
did
sth.?

n
Don’t
you
agree
with
my
idea/opinion
that
…?

提倡议号召（喊口号）法

n
Let’s
join
in
our
efforts
to
fight
against
the
fake
commodities
and
protect
the
interests
of
our
people
and
our
nation.

n
Let’s
spare
no
efforts
to
protect
our
environment
from
being
further
dama
ged
and
save
our
planet.

常用句型