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一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Everybody gets angry sometimes. Being angry doesn't really solve much---but what people do
when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm yourself down and try to solve whatever
problem is bothering you. This is hard for some kids (and adults too). Instead of calming down,
some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!
Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. Their anger might be so
strong that the feelings gets out of control and causes them to act in ways that are unacceptable
and hurtful. People might say kids like this have a temper, which is a term for acting out of control.
Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their mom or dad, hit the wall, close doors
violently, break something, or even hit a brother or sister. Kids are allowed to express their
feelings, even angry ones, but it's not OK for a kid to do any of those things. Kids don't want to
(or mean to) act this way---but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage.
【写作内容】
1）以约30个词概括上 文的主要内容；2）结合上述信息，简要分析导致孩子发脾气的主要
原因；3）提出建议如何控制发脾气 （不少于两点）。
【写作要求】
1）写作过程中不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3）不必写标题。
【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
【答案】 Although getting angry brings no solution to problems, people can hardly take
control of such unpleasant feeing especially kids, who even act violently, thus damaging the
relationships with others.
The reasons for children to arouse anger is not far to seek. First of all, kids in our country are
under great pressure, heavily burdened with school work as well as diverse out school leaning
activities. Second, they are sometimes not treated fairly, some even bulled by others, simply
because they are not strong looking or act differently from others. Third, some kids desperately
want something such as a pet dog or a toy gun, but they are refused by their parents. All these
rigger kids' anger immediately.
As to bow we can control anger, I recommend we breathe deeply when faced with unfair things
and try to find solutions. Besides, reading is a good choice as it can widen our horizons, open our
minds and enrich ourselves. Then we will control our bad temper and raise accomplishment.
【解析】【分析】本 文是一篇读写任务型书面表达，要求考生阅读材料并以约30个词概括
材料的主要内容，并分析导致孩子 发脾气的主要原因；提出建议如何控制发脾气（不少于
两点）。全文以一般现在时为主，使用第三人称。 列出要点：导致孩子发脾气的主要原
因：压力太大，不公平待遇，要求得不到满足；如何控制发脾气：遇 事冷静并积极寻找解
决问题的方法。多阅读拓宽视野。写作时考生首先在概括要点时，要抓住要点，语言 精
炼。本文所给材料是描述某种现象，那么就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象；其次是提
出自 己的观点并加以论证。首先提出自己的观点，之后用论据来证明自己的观点，结尾要
总结要点，与自己的 观点句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使 用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动
丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次， 体现了对英语的熟练的驾
驭能力。例如： Although getting angry brings no solution to problems, people can hardly take
control of such unpleasant feeing especially kids, who even act violently, thus damaging the
relationships with others.运用了让步状语从句和非限制性定语从句； they are sometimes not
treated fairly, some even bulled by others, simply because they are not strong looking or act
differently from others. 运用了原因状语从句； As to bow we can control anger, I recommend
we breathe deeply when faced with unfair things and try to find solutions. 运用了虚拟语气，宾
语从句和省略句；reading is a good choice as it can widen our horizons, open our minds and
enrich ourselves.运用了原因状语从句。
2．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
________ According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to
18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year
the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day,
and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
________ Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need
about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal. But the new National Sleep
Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess
what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
with more homework, the Internet and the phone,
at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited
and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. ________ Changing levels of body chemicals
called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it
hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start
high school classes later than they used to. ________ Students parents and teachers are pleased
with the results.
A. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.
B. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.
C. Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.
D. what homework waiting for kids might always affects them sleep well every night.
E. Raising the minimum sleep is identified as a key way to help solve the problem.
F. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.
【答案】 C；A；B；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子 们正常需要的睡眠时间，以及孩子们睡
得晚的原因，以及一些学校采取的措施。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed
at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the
Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and
15% said they had fallen asleep at sc hool.“51%的10-18岁的美国孩子学习日睡得晚起得早，7-
12岁的孩子中，60%白天 会犯困，15%甚至在学校睡着，可知，本段主要讲述美国孩子睡
眠不足的情况，C. Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”睡得少已
经成为大多数美国孩子的坏习惯“可以作为本段的主题句。故选C。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”Babies need a lot of rest: most of
them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours.“婴儿需要大约18小时睡眠，
学生需要10小时睡眠，成人需要8小时睡眠，与A. How much sleep you need depends a lot
on your age.”你的睡眠时间由年龄决定“承接自然，符合逻辑。空格下文讲述的内容概括起
来就是，不同年 龄段的人需要的睡眠时间不一样。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。B. Other experts say part of the problem is
chemical.”其他专家说化学物质可能是其中部分问题“与空后”Changing levels of body
chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but
also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.“荷尔蒙这种化学物质水平 的改变不
仅让孩子身体发展出成年的特征，还让他们在晚上11点之前难以入睡，承接自然，符合语言逻辑。选项提到化学物质，下文解释这种化学物质会对孩子造成什么影响，即它所带来
的问题。故 选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”some school districts have decided to
start high school classes later than they used to. “一些美国学区把上课时间延迟，与F. Three
years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.”3年
前，明尼苏达州，伊代纳地区的学校把上课时间从7：25延迟到 8：30“承接自然，选项是
举例说明上文所提到的把上课延迟的政策。故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
3．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques
Self- discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life,________. We
have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to
start living a better life.
⑴Start small
The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes.________. Instead,
stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target.
The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little
every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.
⑵________
Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you
haven't made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you've done
and encourages you to keep going.
⑶Exercise your willpower
________. Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of
the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary
temptations for long term gain.
The above-mentioned self- discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective.
________, and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.
A. Build a support system
B. Measure your goals
C. Willpower and self- discipline go hand in hand
D. Self- discipline is a feature found in many successful people
E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management
F. However, it is easier said than done
G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day
【答案】 F；G；B；C；D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍三大自律的技巧。
A. Build a support system建立一个支持系统。
B. Measure your goals测评你的目标。
C. Willpower and self- discipline go hand in hand意志力和自律相辅相成。
D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people自律是在很多成功人士身上都能
找到的特征。
E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management自律和有效的时间管理有联系。
F. However, it is easier said than done然而说起来容易做起来难。
G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day你不会在第一天跑
10公里来训练马拉松。
（1）根据上文提示自律是通向 更健康、更快乐、更成功生活的关键。下文提示我们在下
面分享一些自律技巧。承接上下文，Howev er, it is easier said than done切题，该项中的
However表示该句与上文构成转折关系，故选F。
（2）根据上文提示千里之行,始于足下。下文说相反耐力是通过比前一天的目标多做一点
来建立的。承 接上下 文You don't train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day
切题，下文中的Instead表示前后句是一 种转折关系，故选G。
（ 3）本题为标题选择。本段主要说保持自律需要动机，但是如果你很久没有取得进步你
就很难保持动力。 追踪系统让你知道你做了多少，鼓励你坚持下去。此处的tracking
progress应该指的是对你目标的测评，故选B。
（4）根据本段小标题Exercise your willpower (锻炼你的意志力) 再根据下 文提示有时候，
坚持完成任务是很困难的，但是通过提醒自己目标的意义和目标对你的意义，你就可以忽
略暂时的诱惑而获得长期的利益。可知C项Willpower and self- discipline go hand in hand.切
题，故选C。
（5 ）上文提示上述自律技巧已被证明是非常有效的。再根据下文提示这是快乐充实生活
的关键。承接上下文 D项Self- discipline is a feature found in many succesful people. 切题，故
选D。
【点评】在做七选五时一 定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreove r/in
addition/what's more等词汇、固定结构的运用 。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作
用。像but(但是)、however (然而)表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对 。同时还要注
意选项中代词的指代和小标题选择时是对段落的总结。
4． 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。每个空格只填一 个单词。
A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and
less sad about the failings of our relationship.
She said,
somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him.
It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown
man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable
silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I
feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.
But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at
the University of Texas, maybe you can.
Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to
write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine
sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness.
Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair
and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.
The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness
with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after
completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it
affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格
化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers
suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or
someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative
feelings.
While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive
ways to distract or
study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would
make smarter shopping decisions.
They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a
cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also
asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a
computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had
anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive
computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.
For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.
A Little Trick to Help You Feel ________Sad
Passage outlines
The writer's experience
Supporting details
When he was angry with his partner, the writer was able to
improve his mood by ________ his partner as a little boy, which
is sometimes ________to both sides.
This trick can mentally change It is no ________that the study participants tend to
the form of people's emotion
picture sadness as an older person or an unhappy girl.
The participants who describe their emotion as a person
have a ________level of sadness than those who merely
describe their emotion itself.
This trick can When lost in negative emotions, people may lose
Participants who give ________to the emotion prefer salad
while those who don't choose food ________in sugar and
caloric.
________
This little trick can help people reduce negative feelings.
【答案】 71. Less；imagining；beneficial/helpful；sur prise；lower；
affect/influence/impact；control；li fe；rich/high/abundant；Conclusion
【解析】【分 析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了缓解悲伤情绪的方法——将悲伤的情绪具体
化，但要将悲伤的情绪与相应 的人分割开。同时文章中还介绍了一些实验，要求实验对象
将自己悲伤的情绪想象成一个人，并赋予这个 “人”以生命，从而达到减轻悲伤情绪的目
的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my
partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.”心理治疗师告诉了作者 一个帮助自
己对父母不那么生气以及对关系不那么难过的方法。文章第一段为主旨段，提取关键词
less。在做文章标题时应注意大写。故填Less。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy;”可知
应填imagine，但by为介词，后接动名词，故填imagining。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“we were both spared the heartache of an
uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument.” 可知。我们都可以免于一个不舒服沉默带
来的心痛或不那么沉默带来的争论。be spared of 固定短语，“幸免于”，即对双方都有好处
或益处。故填beneficial/helpful。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in
such ways ”可知，毫无意外的是，参与者用那样的方式描述了悲伤。Not surprisingly=It is no
________people's consumption ________of themselves and behave in self-destructive ways.
decisions
surprise that。故填surprise。
（5）考查推理判断“根据第六段中的”the participants who wrote about the emotion
itself ...reported higher level of sadness than ...“情绪本身的参与者有着更高层次的悲伤，因此
与之相对应的，将悲伤描述成一个人的 ，悲伤的层次较低。故填lower。
（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”Those study participants who had
anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive
computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.“接受了心理治疗的参与者更
有可能选择沙拉作为作为主 菜，且会选择装有工具性软件的电脑，说明心理治疗会对参与
者造成影响，故填affect/infl uence/impact。
（7）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的”While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in
unconscious and...“可知。当沉浸在悲伤里时，很多人就会表现的无意识，即失去 了对自己
的控制。故填control。
（8）考查推理判断。根据anthropomorphized一词，及第六段中的”The researchers suggest
that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone)
separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.“通
过将情绪赋予生命，参与者可以将悲伤从别的 事情中分离开来，帮助他们减少负面情绪。
故填life。
（9）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert
“可知，这些都是高甜、高热量的食物，故填rich/high/abundant。
（10）考查概括归纳。根据最后一段中的”For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique
is best for reduce negative emotions.“这样的方式是减低负面情绪最好的方法。最后一段是对
整篇文章的归纳总结，故填Conclusion。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理 解，推理判断和概括归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，考生需要准确理解细节信息，并根据上下 文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出
正确答案。
5．选词填空，并翻译划线句子
（1）选词补全短文
come true, terrifying, various, famous for, familiar with, swinging, magical, wander, parade, no
wonder
There are ________ kinds of theme parks. Some parks are ________ having the biggest or
longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.
①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!
The theme park you are probably most ________ is Disneyland. ②It can be found in several
parts of the world. It will bring you into a ________ world and make your dreams ________,
whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale
or Disney cartoon character. As you ________ around the fantasy amusement park, you may see
Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a ________ or on the street. Of course, Disneyland also has
many exciting rides, from giant ________ ships to ________ free-fall drops. With all these
attractions, ________ tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
（2）①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!________
②It can be found in several parts of the world.________
【答案】 （1）various；famous for；familiar with；magical；come true；wander；parade；
swinging；terrifying；no wonder
（2）不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。；世界上有几 个地方有迪
斯尼乐园。
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上有 各种各样的主题公园，其中介绍了
迪士尼主题公园以及公园内的游乐设施情况。
（ 1）①考查形容词。句意：世界上有各种各样的主题公园。结合句意可知表示各种各样
的短语为vari ous kinds of。故填various。
②考查固定短语。句意：有些公园以拥 有最大或最长的云霄飞车而闻名，另一些则以展
示著名的景点和文化的声音而闻名。结合句意可知表示以 ……而闻名短语为be famous
for。故填famous for。
③ 考查固定短语。句意：你可能最熟悉的主题公园是迪斯尼乐园。根据句意可知表示
对……熟悉短语为be familiar with。故填familiar with。
④考查形容词。句意： 它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在太
空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童 话或迪斯尼卡通人物。world为名词需要形容词
修饰，表示神奇的世界，故填magical。
⑤考查固定短语。句意：它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在
太空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童话或迪斯尼卡通人物。根据句意可知表示梦想
成真短语为ma ke dream come true。故填come true。
⑥考查动词。句意： 当你漫步在幻想游乐园，你可能会看到白雪公主或米老鼠在游行或
在街上。结合句意可知表示漫步且为一 般现在时，主语为you谓语动词用原形。故填
wander。
⑦考查名词。句意同上。根据句意可知表示游行名词为parade。故填parade。
⑧考查形容词。句意：当然，迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆
船到可怕的自由落 体。修饰名词ships应用形容词，构成giant swinging ships巨大的摇摆船
，故填swinging。
⑨考查形容词。句意：当然， 迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆
船到可怕的自由落体。修饰名词短语free- fall drops应用形容词，表示可怕的，故填
terrifying。
⑩ 考查固定短语。句意：有了这些吸引人的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游
业就会增长。根据句 意可知表示难怪短语为no wonder。故填no wonder。
（2）①考查状语 从句。本句为whichever和whatever引导的让步状语从句，表示无论哪
一个无论什么， 故译为不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。。
②考查被动语态。此处 it指代主题公园，与谓语动词构成被动，翻译时注意符合中文的
表达习惯。故译为世界上有几个地方有 迪斯尼乐园。。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，固定短语，动词，名词以及非谓语动词等多 个知识点的考
查，并且含有两句英译汉，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑< br>关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式和正确的汉语翻
译。
6．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Time for Americans to act on climate change
The climate crisis is worsening at a rate that is becoming harder and harder to ignore. For more
than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans
cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.
The scientific community has become increasingly panicked over the past year. The latest
assessment from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change painted a far more terrible
picture than its previous analyses, and the long-awaited National Climate Assessment made clear
that climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security.
Out of this panic came the treaty(条约)reached this past weekend by world leaders to keep the
Paris climate agreement alive.
Yet many Americans still don't regard the threat as a key priority for our government, and
support President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty. Campaign contributions
from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected officials to look the other way. A certain
amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy(漠然).
But there is another reason that has been discussed far less openly. While a growing number of
people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many
Americans have an intuitive(直觉的)belief that their nation is more capable than others of
adapting to a changed environment. Why? Because they have before.
This historical success, however, resulted from the federal government taking science seriously,
and making investments to urge revolution and innovation.
But these innovations did not happen by themselves, or simply because of the United States'
rich resources. They depended on consistent support from the leaders about the need to take
action when faced with crises. This has been especially true in the environmental crisis.
President Bill Clinton had a shockingly modest record of advancing climate security, particularly
given that his vice president, Al Gore, had been one of the most outspoken environmentalists in
Congress. By far Clinton's biggest accomplishment was assigning Gore to participate ?n thе Куоtо
Рrоtoсоl negotiations. Сl?ntоn сhо?е, hоwеvеr, tо аvо?d whаt ?urеlу wоuld have been a terrible
fight in the Senate to gain approval of the treaty. While this effort probably would have failed, it
would have signaled to the American people how seriously the Democratic Party took climate
change.
Thus, the time has clearly arrived for progressive candidates to start campaigning on a platform
built around the need for a sustainability revolution. Such a plan should include a carbon tax,
well-funded clean energy research, evolved agricultural policies and smarter public transport.
Given that Generation X and millennials(千禧一代)never bought into the fiction that the United
States is immune to the dangers of global warming, the time is ripe to make climate security a
crucial government responsibility. Only by doing so can we begin the long-overdue(拖延好久
的)campaign to save the planet.
Time for Americans to act on climate change
Introduction
More and more people have become ________ of the severity of climate
crisis.
It is human beings that are to ________ for the real global warming and
should ________ for what they have done.
Worldwide
efforts
Current
American's
responses
________
responses
Given that human health as well as our economic security is ________ a
severe threat caused by climate change, Paris Climate Treaty has been
reached by world leaders.
A negative Unable to grasp the seriousness of the threat, many
attitude
Americans are in ________ of President Trump's decision
to withdraw from the Paris treaty.
for Elected officials turn a deaf ear to the threat on account of
their ________ relationship with fossil fuel companies.
A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread
apathy.
Many Americans are wildly ________ about their ability to
a changed environment.
Earlier
American's
responses
Inspiration
________
A(n) ________ Wisely assigning his vice president to participate in the
attitude
Kyoto Protocol negotiations, President Bill Clinton took
climate change seriously.
The Democratic Party used to take adequate notice of the
form responses
potential crisis of the climate change.
It is high time for Americans to begin the long-overdue campaign to save
the planet.
【答案】 aware/consc ious；blame；answer；under；favo(u)r/support；Reasons；i nterest；
sure/certain/optimistic；positive；Concl usion
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是越来越多的人意识到 气候危机的严
重性。现在是美国人应对气候变化的时候了。只有这样，我们才能开始拖延已久的拯救地< br>球的运动。
（1）根据第一段第一句The climate crisis is worsening at a rate that is becoming harder and
harder to ignore.可知，越来越多的人意识到气候危机的严重性。故答案为
aware/conscious。
（2）根据第一段中For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that
global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.可知，
真正的全球变暖是人类的责任，应该为他们所做的一切负责。be to blame“应该承担责
任”，故答案为blame。
（3）根据第一段中For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that
global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.可知，
真正的全球变暖是人类的责任，应该为他们所做的一切 负责。answer for“对------负责”，故
答案为answer。
（4）根据第二段中the long-awaited National Climate Assessment made clear that climate
change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security.可知，鉴于
气候变化对人类健康和经济安全构成 严重威胁，世界各国领导人已达成《巴黎气候条
约》。故答案为under。
（5）根据第三段中Yet many Americans still don't regard the threat as a key priority for our
government, and suopont President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.可知，由
于无法理解威胁的严重性，许多美国人支持特 朗普总统退出《巴黎条约》的决定。In
favo(u)r/support of“支持，赞成”，故答案为favo(u)r/support。
（6）根据右栏中的内容可知这里在讲“反应的原因”。故答案为Reasons。
（7）根据第三段中Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected
officials to look the other way. A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy(漠
然).“化石燃料公司的 竞选捐款已经说服当选官员们睁一只眼闭一只眼。一定程度的绝望导
致了广泛的冷漠。”可知，由于与化 石燃料公司的利益关系，当选官员对这种威胁充耳不
闻。故答案为interest。
（8）根据第四段中While a growing number of people understand that climate change will
have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive(直觉的)belief that
their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.可知，许多美国
人对自己适应环境变化的能力极为乐观。故 答案为sure/certain/optimistic。
（9）根据第七段中President Bill Clinton had a shockingly modest record of advancing climate
security, particularly given that his vice president, Al Gore, had been one of the most outspoken
environmentalists in Congress.“比尔·克林顿总统在推进气候安全 方面有着令人震惊的温和记
录，尤其是考虑到他的副总统阿尔·戈尔(Al Gore)是国会中最直言 不讳的环保主义者之一。”
可知这是一个积极乐观的态度。故答案为positive。
（10）根据最后一段最后一句Only by doing so can we begin the long-overdue(拖延好久
的)campaign to save the pl anet.“只有这样，我们才能开始拖延已久的拯救地球的运动。”可
知这是得出的最后结论。故答案 为Conclusion。
【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答 ，注意尽量用文章的语言
填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的 方式找到
可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
7．Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important firm leaders
say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The
difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ________
In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge
ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to
make sure they were on the right track. What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up
“improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating
incomes over a three-year period.
________ They thought differently about what
fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed
(reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for
example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced
value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.
In our study, higher- performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when
necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ________ And they allowed time to
look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid
too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit
among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.
Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ________ That kind of strategy must come from
the top.
A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet
performing better?
B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more
successful in meeting their business goals.
C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong.
D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking
for ways to pick up the speed.
E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration.
F. They encouraged new ways of thinking.
【答案】 D；A；F；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕速度展 开，否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，区
分了operational speed”操作速度“与strategic speed”战略速度“，强调了适当时间采取战略
速度的重要性。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”The difference is important regardless
of industry and company s ize.“可知，无论行业和公司规模如何，那些担心失去竞争优势的公
司会花费大量的时间和金钱来寻 找加快速度的方法。ies fearful of losing their
competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.符合
此处语境。故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”What's more, the firms that‘slowed
down to speed up ’improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52%
higher operating incomes over a three- year period.“可知，那些“放慢速度以加快速度”的公司
改善了他们的最高和最低收入， 在三年内平均销售额提高了40%，营业收入提高了52%。
did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet
performing better?”他们是如何违 反商业物理定律的，他们比竞争对手花费了更多的时间，
却表现得更好的呢？“符合语境。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”They became more open to ideas and
discussion.及下文And they allowed time to look back and learn.“可知，他们对思想和讨论变
得更加开放，允许时间回顾和学习。 encouraged new ways of thinking”他们鼓励新的
思维方式“符合语境。故选F。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Strategic speed serves as a kind of
leadership.“；以及及空后”That kind of strategy must come from the top.“可知，战略速度是一
种领导力，而这种战略必须来自最高层。 that regularly take time to get things right,
rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.”那些经
常花时间把事情做好，而不是埋头苦干的人，更能成功地实现他们的商业目标“符合语境。
故选B。< br>
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
8．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk
There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean
for a city to be green or sustainable?
We've written about what we call the
which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny
residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely- shared conception of what green
cities should look like. ________
Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood
change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its
defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods
are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.
A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental
cleanup and green space initiatives. ________
Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are
scarce in many cities. ________ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a
new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to
potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers
even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space
than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green
pleasantness.
________ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite
literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are
finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable
to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.
A. This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or
sustainable.
B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.
C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.
D. This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial
space, in exchange for developer-funded cleanup.
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