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top的反义词2012年12月大学英语四级试卷及答案解析

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-18 07:26
tags:大学英语四级, 英语考试, 外语学习

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2021年1月18日发(作者:欢乐星期天)
【作文一】
1. 你的基本情况
your basic information1
2.你申请贷款的原因、数额及用途
you reason for the loan, the amount and purpose
3. 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算
【作文:图表】
图表作文


Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer
Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,
complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
The Magician
The revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginning
When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could
match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an
“incredible” new electronic gadget (小器具)in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman.
All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be
magic”. Mr Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use
products.
The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Apple stores and politicians singing praises
on the internet, is proof that Mr Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He
stood out in three ways-as a technologist, as a corporate (公司的)leader and as somebody who was able to make people
love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest
effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.
As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer-and that was his great strength. Instead he
was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics (美学), and in making advanced technology simple to use. He
repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea-the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone,
the tablet computer(平板电脑)-and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with
each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the
news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.
Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy (嬉皮士), permanently in revolt against
big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his
time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial
management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory (轨迹)of his
life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an
inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr Jobs revived the
failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gates’s
Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a
Hollywood movie.
But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the absolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers.
Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a
personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s tastes and to meet his extremely high standards.
Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with
computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr Jobs on the right side of
history, as technological innovation (创新)has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.
As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr Jobs’s death) explains, innovation used to spill over from
military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s
homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services
are smarter and easier to use than most companies’ systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses,
government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app
stores” to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the
number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi
and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.
Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak (怪人), and his critics complained that the products and systems he
designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by
giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and
simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple
that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”
The gap between Apple and other tech firms is now likely to narrow. This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a
management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as
competent but uninspiring. Without Mr Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch
from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose
company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an
easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr Jobs, Mr Bezos also flattered
(抬举)him. With Mr Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in
new products.
Mr Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “reality distortion (扭曲)field”, such were his
powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products
that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. We learn from the first paragraph that nobody could match Steve Jobs in .
A) intelligence C) magic power
B) showmanship D) persuasion skills
2. What did Steve Jobs do that most deeply affected people’s way of life?
A) He invented lots of functional gadgets.
B) He kept improving computer technology.
C) He started the era of personal technology.
D) He established a new style of leadership.
3. Where did Mr Jobs’s great strength lie?
A) His profound insight about consumers’ needs in general.
B) His keen interest in designing elegant and user-friendly gadgets.
C) His firm determination to win in the competition against his rivals.
D) His rich knowledge as a computer scientist and electronic engineer.
4. Many corporate giants saw Steve Jobs as .
A) one of the greatest chief executives of his time
B) a dictator in the contemporary business world
C) an unbeatable rival in the computer industry
D) the most admirable hippy in today’s world
5. For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs’s life experience serves as .
A) a symbol C) an ideal
B) a standard D) an inspiration
6. What was the most astonishing part of Mr Jobs’s success?
A) He turned a failing company into a profitable business.
B) He set up personal links with many of his customers.
C) He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple users.
D) He left his fingerprints all over Apple products.
7. What is mentioned in this issue’s special report about innovation nowadays?
A) It benefits civilians more than the military.
B) New products are first used in the military.
C) Many new ideas first appear on the internet.
D) It originates in the consumer market.
8. In spite of the user- friendliness of Apple products, critics complained that they were __________.
9. Amazon, by having hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, did the best job in following
Apple’s lead.
10. By channelling the magic of computing into products, Steve Jobs had succeeded in __________.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, one or more
11. A) He needs another week for the painting.
B) The painting was completed just in time.
C) The building won’t open until next week.
D) His artistic work has been well received.
12. A) Go camping. B) Decorate his house.
C) Rent a tent. D) Organize a party.
13. A) She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone.
B) She is about to call Mr. Wright’s secretary.
C) She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.
D) She failed to reach Mr. Wright.
14. A) He is actually very hardworking.
B) He has difficulty finishing his project.
C) He needs to spend more time in the lab.
D) He seldom tells the truth about himself.
15. A) Rules restricting smoking.
B) Ways to quit smoking.
C) Smokers’ health problems.
D) Hazards of passive smoking.
16. A) He is out of town all morning.
B) He is tied up in family matters.
C) He has been writing a report.
D) He has got meetings to attend.
17. A) He is not easy-going.
B) He is the speakers’ boss.
C) He is not at home this weekend.
D) He seldom invites people to his home.
18. A) Take a break.
B) Refuel his car.
C) Ask the way.
D) Have a cup of coffee.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) They are as good as historical films.
B) They give youngsters a thrill.
C) They have greatly improved.
D) They are better than comics on film.
20. A) The effects were very good.
B) The acting was just so-so.
C) The plot was too complicated.
D) The characters were lifelike.
21. A) They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle.
B) They played the same role in War of the Worlds.
C) They are popular figures among young people.
D) They are two leading characters in the film.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) It is scheduled on Thursday night.
B) It is supposed to last nine weeks.
C) It takes place once a week.
D) It usually starts at six.
23. A) To make good use of her spare time in the evening.
B) To meet the requirements of her in-service training.
C) To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible.
D) To get some basic knowledge about car maintenance.
24. A) Participate in group discussions.
B) Take turns to make presentations.
C) Listen to the teacher’s explanation.
D) Answer the teacher’s questions.
25. A) Most of them are female.
B) Some have a part-time job.
C) They plan to buy a new car.
D) A few of them are old chaps.
Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) She is not good at making friends.
B) She is not well off.
C) She enjoys company.
D) She likes to go to concerts alone.
27. A) Their similar social status.
B) Their interdependence.
C) Their common interest.
D) Their identical character.
28. A) Invite Pat to a live concert.
B) Buy some gifts for Pat’s kids.
C) Help take care of Pat’s kids.
D) Pay for Pat’s season tickets.
29. A) It can develop between people with a big difference in income.
B) It can be maintained among people of different age groups.
C) It cannot last long without similar family background.
D) It cannot be sustained when friends move far apart.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) Priority of students’ academic achievements.
B) Equal education opportunities to all children.
C) Social equality between teachers and students.
D) Respect for students’ individuality.
31. A) Efficient.
B) Complicated.
C) Lengthy.
D) Democratic.
32. A) To help them acquire hands-on experience.
B) To try to cut down its operational expenses.
C) To provide part-time jobs for needy students.
D) To enable them to learn to take responsibility.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) The best way to work through a finger maze.
B) Individuals doing better in front of an audience.
C) Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology.
D) Improvements on the classification of human behavior.
34. A) When you feel encouraged by the audience.
B) When you try to figure out a confusing game.
C) When you already know how to do something.
D) When you complete with other people in a group.
35. A) Practicing constantly.
B) Working by oneself.
C) Learning by doing.
D) Using proven methods.
Section C
Americans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide (36) ______ of food available.
They have a broader (37) ______ of nutrition (营养), so they buy more fresh fruit and (38) _______ than ever before. At
the same time, Americans (39)______ increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.
Statistics show that the way people live (40) ______ the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are
now growing numbers of people who live alone, (41) ______ parents and children, and double-income families. These
changing lifestyles are (42) ______ for the increasing number of people who must (43) ______ meals or sometimes
simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. (44)
______________
_______________________________________. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on average.
It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. (45) _____________
______________________________ __________________________. This information not only tells us what people
are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. (46) __
____________________________ _______________________________. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have
become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of
American youngsters. But ___47___ a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer
more-healthful menu options for children at a time when ___48___ is growing over the role of fast food in childhood
obesity(肥胖症).
Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will ___49___ automatically including French
fries and soda in its kids’ meals starting this month, although they will still be ___50___ . Instead, the company said
Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they ___51___ such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling
the meals.“We’re asking the customers to ___52___ what they want,” said Craig Prusher, the chain’s vice president of
government relations. Other participating chains, with a ___53___ of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s,
Friendly’s and Chevy’s.
As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced ___54___ Wednesday—participating restaurants
must promise to offer at least one children’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路里), no soft drinks and at least
two ___55___ from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among
other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar ___56___ , with fewer than 200 calories and less than
35%of its calories from sugar.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) adapt I) prefer
B) available J) recommending
C) begin K) species
D) concern L) specify
E) criteria M) stop
F) items N) taking
G) nationwide O) variety
H) possible


Section B
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and
new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if
you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly
as much as you think.
That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all,
existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations(解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are
retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does.
Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7
million!
And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every
month.
I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total
employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it’s true that there
are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.
But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re
willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to
present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics
data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and
were no longer even classified as unemployed.
So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be
one of them.
57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______.
A) deprives many people of job opportunities
B) prevents many people from changing careers
C) should not stop people from looking for a job

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