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焦菊隐巧用指示代词“这”,“那”做翻译-精选文档

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-18 08:13
tags:指示代词, 英语, 高中教育

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2021年1月18日发(作者:芜湖方特一日游)
巧用指示代词“这”,“那”做翻译

指示代词有指称、区别、替代三种作用。其 中指称是根本,
从指称作用看,指示代词大致可分为以下五种:指方所的,指人
或物的,指时间 的,指程度的,指动作方式的。
指示代词有空间性,可以从以下几个方面描述。
1. 所指对象与说话人的空间距离,位置方向。
2. 说话人与听话人的空间位置关系。
3. 所指对象的数量。
其中1,2是根本。1.通常是划分近指、远指、更远指 (或
中指)的依据,不少语言或方言里,人称代词与指示代词有渊源
关系。
一、以下是指示代词的分类:
在翻译的时候,也并不是只有暗示性的代词、介词、副词、
如:“that”, “this”, “these”,“those”,“such”等才
能翻成“这”。“那”译为“这”,“那” ,同 时还要根据上
下文进行添加或删减,而且在翻译时还要在“这”、“那”后面
添加相应的量词以 表示明确的意义。
1.1:强调人
With a book, he was regardless of time.(他这个人,
平素只要有本书,就会忘记时间。)(Pride and Prejudice:P13)
1.2:指代物
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single
man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a
wife.(这是一个众所公认的真理,那就是一个富有的单身汉必
定需要位太太。) (Pride and Prejudice:P3)
And he thought it an excellent one, full of eligibility
and suitableness and excessively generous and
disinterested on his own part.(他认为这真是个独出心裁的
办法,既顺理成章,又来得慷慨豪爽。)(Pride and
Prejudice:P79)
1.3:指方所
They returned therefore, in good spirits to Longbown,
the village where they lived, and of which they were the
principal inhabitants.(因此,母女们兴高采 烈地回到了朗伯
恩,她们就住在这个村子,可谓是村子里的望族。)(Pride and
Prejudice:P )
1.4:指时间
Elizabeth Bennet had been obliged, by the scarcity of
gentlemen, to sit down for two dances , and during part of
that time, Mr Dary had been standing near enough for her
to overhear a conversation. (伊丽莎白?贝内特有两次都没有
跳舞,因为没有男伴邀请,坐在一边。 就在这期间,达西先生碰
巧站在离她不远的地方,这样,她便听到了一些谈话。)( Pride
and Prejudice:P12)
1.5:指性状或程度
“Mr Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such
way?” (“贝内特先生,你怎么能这样贬低自己的女儿呢?”)
(Pride and Prejudice:P5)
“What can be the meaning of that emphatic
exclamation.” (“你怎么这样大惊小怪!”)(Pride and
Prejudice:P7)But I knew I should persuade you at last, I
was sure you loved our girls too well. (我能料到,你会
听我的劝说的,我 也相信,你这么爱你的女儿,怎么会放弃这样
的机会呢?)(Pride and Prejudice:P8)
1.6:强调动作方式
“这样”、“那样”都可修饰动词,表示某种方式。如:
I desire you will do no such thing.(Pride and
Prejudice:P5)
(我希望你别这样做。)
But if we do not venture, somebody else will.
(不过如果我们不冒险,别人就会这么做。)(表示 某种方
式,可以增加“这么”完成句子。)(Pride and Prejudice:P7)
二、在英语句子中有许多“it”翻译成了“这”。
, in my opinion, it is a palty device, a young
art.
(但是,我认为这是一种拙劣的手腕,卑鄙的诡计。) (Pride
and Prejudice:P45)
2.2.“How so? How can it affect them?”( “这怎么说,
这跟他们有什么关系?”)(Pride and Prejudice:P4)
2.3.“It is more than I engage for, I assure you.”
(这超出我应该做的,确切的告诉你。)(Pride and
Prejudice:P4)
2.4.“But consider your daughters, only think what an
establishment it would be for one of them.”
(可是你该考虑考虑你的女儿们才是,只要想象一下这会给
你的一个女儿建立起什么样的幸福。) (Pride and
Prejudice:P4)
when the first tumult of joy was over, she
began to declare that it was what she had expected all the
whole.
(这一阵狂喜之后,她就开始宣布,这正是她所预料之中的
事。)(Pride and Prejudice:P8)
三、“this”一般翻译成“这”。例如:
I would be satisfied with nothing but go to
sea, and my inclination to this les me so strongly against
the will, nay the commands of my father, and against all
the entreaties and persuasions of my mother and other
friends, that there seem’d to be something fatal in
propension of nature tending directly to the life of misery
which was to befall me.
(但我对一切都没兴趣,只是想航海。这一愿望,不仅
使我坚决抵制父亲的意愿,甚至违抗父命,也使我 对母亲和一切
亲友的央求和规劝充耳不闻;看来这种一意孤行的脾气实在糟糕
透顶,结果就直接 酿成了我后来的不幸生活。)(Robinson Crusoe:
P1)
3.1.2.I was sincerely affected with this discourse, as
indeed who could be otherwise?(这句话深深地感动了我,说
句良心话,谁能不被感动呢?)(Robinson Crusoe: P4)
2.但是也有“this”被译成“那”的。如:
happen’d to my farther misfortune, that the
weather prov'd hazy for three or four days, while was in
this valley; and not being able to see the sun, (更为倒
霉的是,我进入那山谷后的三四天里,偏偏碰上云雾弥漫的 天气,
连太阳都看不见。)(Robinson Crusoe: P133)
3.一般情况下,“that”被翻译成“那”。例如:
3.3.1“That is another case”, said he, “it is my
calling, and therefore my duty”(他说:“那又是一回事。
这是我的行业,也是我的责任。”)(Robinson Crusoe: P15)
evil influence which carryed me first away

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